Abstract: A cooling surface for cooling an electronic component, the surface having two sets of fins, each set of fins defining a set of channels, and a number of passageways connecting the sets of channels. The cooling surface can be attached to an electronic component, such as a chip, and refrigerant supplied to at least one of the sets of channels. When the temperature of the electronic component rises, the heat is transferred to the refrigerant in the cooling surface, at least some of which vaporizes to carry heat away from, and facilitate cooling of, the component.

Abstract: A cold plate includes an enclosure with an inlet, an outlet, a base and a lid. The inlet and outlet are in fluid communication, so fluid can flow from the inlet though the enclosure to the outlet. The base is formed from a base plate, and the base plate includes an island facing into the enclosure. A plurality of pins extends from the island toward the lid. The pins can have a spiral shape, where the cross sectional profile of the pins change along the length of the pin.

Abstract: A cooling surface for cooling an electronic component, the surface having two sets of fins, each set of fins defining a set of channels, and a number of passageways connecting the sets of channels. The cooling surface can be attached to an electronic component, such as a chip, and refrigerant supplied to at least one of the sets of channels. When the temperature of the electronic component rises, the heat is transferred to the refrigerant in the cooling surface, at least some of which vaporizes to carry heat away from, and facilitate cooling of, the component.

Abstract: A method of forming a plurality of protrusions on the inner surface of a tube to reduce tube side resistance and improve overall heat transfer performance. The method includes cutting through ridges on the inner surface of the tube to create ridge layers and lifting the ridge layers to form the protrusions. In this way, the protrusions are formed without removal of metal from the inner surface of the tube, thereby eliminating debris which can damage the equipment in which the tubes are used.

Abstract: A method of forming a plurality of protrusions on the inner surface of a tube to reduce tube side resistance and improve overall heat transfer performance. The method includes cutting through ridges on the inner surface of the tube to create ridge layers and lifting the ridge layers to form the protrusions. In this way, the protrusions are formed without removal of metal from the inner surface of the tube, thereby eliminating debris which can damage the equipment in which the tubes are used.

Abstract: Fins are formed monolithically from the material of a tube body. The fins extend from the tube body outer surface, and include a fin base and a fin top. Wings extending from a fin side surface between the fin base and fin top can produce upper and lower channels between adjacent fins. Depressions can be formed in the fin top with platforms below the depressions. The tube can also include helical ridges on an inner surface of the tube. The tubes are used for heat transfer, and can be included in shell and tube heat exchangers.

Abstract: A shell and tube heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes positioned inside a shell. A first type of tube has a first outer surface, and a second type of tube has a second outer surface, where the first outer surface is different than the second outer surface. The inner surface of the first type of tube is in liquid communication with the inner surface of the second type of tube, so fluid can flow between the inner surfaces of the different tube types.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods and kits for the collection, stimulation, stabilization and analysis of biological samples, including blood samples, are disclosed. An embodiment of the invention includes a container having a side wall, a bottom wall and a closure member defining an internal compartment having arranged therein a partition defining and fluidly separating first and second chambers in the internal compartment, the first chamber positioned in association with the closure member to receive the biological sample; in which at least one wall is constructed of an elastically deformable material; in which the first chamber contains at least one stimulating agent; in which the second chamber contains at least one stabilizing agent; and in which the first and second chambers can be placed in fluid communication by a user without opening or otherwise compromising the fluid integrity of the internal compartment.

Abstract: An improved tool assembly for enhancing the surface of a heat transfer tube is provided. The tool assembly includes rods having cutting tips and positioned in rod guides which are slidably positioned in shafts provided in a tool holder. In an equilibrium state, the cutting tips do not extend from the tool holder. When a force is applied to the rod guides, the rod guides move in a first direction along the shafts in the tool holder, resulting in exposure of the cutting tips which enhance the tube surface. When the force is removed from the rod guides, the rod guides move along the shafts in a direction opposite the first direction to retract the cutting tips within the tool holder. In this way, the cutting tips are protected when not in use.

Abstract: A condenser is made from a heat exchanger including a tube bundle within a shell. The tube bundle has an interior section within a periphery, and at least two sloped baffles are positioned in the tube bundle. Each sloped baffle has an inner edge which is within the tube bundle interior, and a gap is defined between the inner edges.

Abstract: The current invention includes a tube with a helical fin extending from the tube's outer surface. The fins and tube are monolithic, or formed of one part, with a channel defined between adjacent fins. The fin has a crest with peaks and depressions formed in the crest. The fin peak includes an indent formed in a side surface, and the indent includes a flank and a base surface. The indent flank intersects the fin peak top, and the indent base surface intersects the fin side wall.

Abstract: The current invention includes a tube with a helical fin extending from the tube's outer surface. The fins and tube are monolithic, or formed of one part. The fin is continuous and the fin base is essentially straight as it winds around the tube. The fin has a tip opposite the fin base with an essentially straight fin body as viewed between the tip and the base. The fin is bent into concave and convex shapes about the tube wall so the fin tip makes a wavy pattern as it winds around the tube.

Abstract: A tube used for heat transfer has adjacent fins extending from an outer surface of the tube with a channel between the fins. The fins include a roof formed over the channel, and holes penetrate the roof into the channel. The fin, including the roof, is monolithic with the tube body. Helical ridges are formed on a tube inner surface, and the tube body includes an indentation in the outer surface which extends the tube body inner surface towards a tube axis.

Abstract: A finned tube includes channels defined between adjacent fins on the tube body outer surface. Wings extend from side walls of the adjacent fins between the fin top and the fin base such that the wings form a barrier which splits the channel into an upper channel and a lower channel. A plurality of holes penetrate the barrier where the wings meet, so liquids and gases can pass into and out of the enclosed area defined by the lower channel. The wings can include alternating upper wings and lower wings, and there can be depressions formed in the fin top.

Abstract: A post-yield hardened steel tube, particularly useful for creating slotted liners, for use in various applications in the oil and gas industries. The steel specifications meet the broad API 5CT standard, but the resulting slotted tube exhibits both enhanced slot-ability characteristics and superior thermo-mechanical characteristics in buckling resistance and localization resistance. A method of manufacturing a steel tube with substantial post-yield hardening behavior across a temperature range between room temperature and 350° C. while providing good slot-ability, comprising using a steel meeting the broad API 5CT standard but with very small quantities of sulfur, performing a standard hot rolling process followed by a specifically defined heat treatment cycle, so as to create a microstructure characterized either ferrite plus pearlite or a ferrite plus bainite-pearlite.

Abstract: The invention relates to enhanced heat transfer surfaces and methods and tools for making enhanced heat transfer surface. Certain embodiments include a boiling surface that include a plurality of primary grooves, protrusions and secondary grooves to form boiling cavities. The boiling surface may be formed by using a tool for cutting the inner surface of a tube. The tool has a tool axis and at least one tip with a cutting edge and a lifting edge. Methods for making a boiling surface are also disclosed, including cutting through the inner surface of a tube to form primary grooves, then cutting and lifting the inner surface to form protrusions and secondary grooves.

Abstract: An improved heat transfer tube, an improved method of formation and an improved use of such a heat transfer tube is disclosed. The heat transfer tube includes an outer surface with a plurality of radially outwardly extending helical fins, the fins being grooved to define notches, a plurality of channels extending between adjacent fins, at least one nucleate boiling pore formed at the intersection of a notch and a channel. The fins are flattened or pushed down to form a primary nucleate boiling cavity within the at least one nucleate boiling pore; and the tips of the fins are further bent over or flattened to form a secondary nucleate boiling cavity within the at least one nucleate boiling pore. Also disclosed are improved refrigerant evaporator including at least one such boiling tube and a method of making such a boiling tube.

Abstract: An improved heat transfer tube and a method of formation thereof. The inner surface of the tube is enhanced with a plurality of protrusions that reduce tube side resistance and improve overall heat transfer performance. The protrusions create additional paths for fluid flow within the tube and thereby enhance turbulence of heat transfer mediums flowing within the tube. This increases fluid mixing to reduce the boundary layer build-up of the fluid medium close to the inner surface of the tube, such build-up increasing the resistance and thereby impeding heat transfer. The protrusions also provide extra surface area for additional heat exchange. The method of this invention includes using a tool, which can easily be added to existing manufacturing equipment, having a cutting edge to cut through ridges on the inner surface of the tube to create ridge layers and a lifting edge to lift the ridge layers to form the protrusions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an improved heat transfer tube, an improved method of formation, and an improved use of such heat transfer tube. The present invention discloses a boiling tube for a refrigerant evaporator that provides at least one dual cavity nucleate boiling site. The present invention further discloses an improved refrigerant evaporator including at least one such boiling tube, and the method of making such a boiling tube.