Abstract: Liquid ventilator and methods integrating the concept of total liquid ventilation (TLV) using liquid volumes below functional residual capacity (FRC) of mammal's lungs are disclosed. Beyond the automatization of the whole process, the technology has been up-scaled to confirm that TLV at residual volumes below FRC can provide a safe procedure while enabling the full potential of TLV in a mammal such as humans or adult-sized animals. Such tidal liquid ventilation strongly differs from the previously known TLV approach, opening promising perspectives for a safer clinical translation. Also disclosed are apparatus and method for safe and fast induction of hypothermia during liquid ventilation of a mammal.

Abstract: Actuators and methods useful in the operation aircraft flight control surfaces are disclosed. Some of the actuators and methods disclosed may be useful in the operation flight control surfaces when a fault condition such as a jam associated with an actuator is detected. An exemplary electromechanical actuator disclosed comprises: a motor; a first screw configured for translation movement relative to a structure of the aircraft when driven by the motor; a second screw mounted in series with the first screw; and a fuse element coupling the first screw and the second screw together to permit translation movement of the second screw together with the first screw. The fuse element may permit at least partial disengagement of the second screw from the first screw to permit translation of the second screw relative to the first screw. The fuse element may also allow an active flutter damping of the flight control surface. The fuse element may comprise magneto-rheological fluid.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus includes a common movable driving member for actuating a plurality of flight control surfaces; a first power transfer device configured to variably adjust power transfer from the common movable driving member to a first of the plurality of flight control surfaces; and a second power transfer device configured to variably adjust power transfer from the common movable driving member to a second of the plurality of flight control surfaces. The power transferred to the second flight control surface may be adjusted independently of the power transferred to the first flight control surface. Apparatus and methods for actuating flight control surfaces using magneto-rheological fluid or electro-rheological fluid are also disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques for use in connection with performing optimization using an objective function. The techniques include using at least one computer hardware processor to perform: beginning evaluation of the objective function at a first point; before evaluating the objective function at the first point is completed: identifying, based on likelihoods of potential outcomes of evaluating the objective function at the first point, a second point different from the first point at which to evaluate the objective function; and beginning evaluation of the objective function at the second point.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a redundant control system includes first and second control systems, having first and second clutches, and a shared clutch system. The shared clutch system may include a shared shaft configured to receive mechanical energy from a shared power source, a first shared clutch corresponding to the first clutch and configured to receive mechanical energy from the shared shaft, and a second shared clutch corresponding to the second clutch and configured to receive mechanical energy from the shared shaft. A first linkage provides mechanical communication between an output of the first clutch, an output of the first shared clutch, and a first output device in mechanical communication with the rotor system. A second linkage provides mechanical communication between an output of the second clutch, an output of the second shared clutch, and a second output device in mechanical communication with the rotor system.

Abstract: A driving pulley for a CVT has a shaft, a fixed sheave mounted on the shaft, a first sleeve disposed around the shaft and being operatively connected to the shaft, a movable sheave mounted on the first sleeve, a second sleeve disposed around the first sleeve and being connected to the shaft, a spring biasing the movable sheave away from the fixed sheave, and a CVT chamber having an annular cross-section. The fixed and movable sheaves are adapted to receive a belt therebetween. The CVT chamber has at least one opening adapted for fluidly communicating the CVT chamber with a hydraulic fluid reservoir. Hydraulic pressure in the CVT chamber biases the movable sheave toward the fixed sheave. The CVT chamber has an inner wall formed by the first sleeve, an outer wall formed by the second sleeve, an outer end, and an inner end formed by the movable sheave.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an actuation system includes a plurality of threaded member portions, a plurality of roller nuts, a driving member configured to receive mechanical energy from a power source, a plurality of driven members, and a magnetorheological (MR) fluid disposed between the plurality of driven members and at least one braking surface. An output member may be coupled between the rotor system and either the plurality of threaded member portions or the plurality of roller nuts and configured to translate linearly in response to the threaded member portions advancing or receding within the roller nuts.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a rotorcraft flight control actuator includes a driving member configured to receive mechanical energy from a power source, a driven member, a magnetorheological (MR) fluid disposed between the driving member and the driven member and configured to transmit a variable amount of mechanical energy from the driving member to the driven member, an output member configured to be coupled between the driven member and a flight control device of a rotor system, and a magnetic circuit configured to deliver a magnetic field towards the MR fluid, the magnetic circuit configured to vary the strength of the magnetic field in response to inputs.

Abstract: An integrated method and apparatus to continuously produce purified Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) from a continuous supply of solid carbon powder fed to an induction plasma torch. The apparatus includes a reactor body disposed to maintain laminar flow of gases with the torch body and coupled to a quenching body where temperature and residence time is controlled. Conveniently, functionalization may take place in the quenching body. The torch is operated with an argon carrier gas, an argon stabilizing gas and a helium sheath gas. Solid carbon reactants are preferably mixed with at least two metal catalysts containing nickel and cobalt with additional metal oxides of yttrium and cerium being desirable.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hydraulic CVT of a vehicle includes: determining a speed of rotation of a driving shaft; determining a speed of rotation of a driven shaft; determining a ratio of the speed of rotation of the driving shaft versus the speed of rotation of the driven shaft; determining an engine torque; determining a base clamping force to be applied by the driving pulley onto the belt based on the ratio and the engine torque; determining a desired speed of rotation of the driving shaft; determining a corrective clamping force by comparing the speed of rotation of the driving shaft to the desired speed of rotation of the driving shaft; and controlling a hydraulic pressure applied to a movable sheave to apply a sum of the base and corrective clamping forces onto the belt. A vehicle having a CVT controlled by the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A jet propulsion unit has a water inlet, a pump body, an impeller, and a valve assembly fluidly. The valve assembly has a valve housing having an inlet fluidly connected to the pump body, a first outlet and a second outlet. A valve body is disposed in the valve housing and is movable between first and second positions. In the first position, water from a body of water flows consecutively through the water inlet, the pump body, the inlet of the valve housing, the valve housing and the first outlet of the valve housing. In the second position, water from the body of water flows consecutively through the water inlet, the pump body, the inlet of the valve housing, the valve housing, and the second outlet of the valve housing. A watercraft having the jet propulsion unit is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hydraulic CVT of a vehicle comprises: determining a speed of rotation of a driving shaft; determining a speed of rotation of a driven shaft; determining a ratio of the speed of rotation of the driving shaft versus the speed of rotation of the driven shaft; determining an engine torque; determining a base clamping force to be applied by the driving pulley onto the belt based on the ratio and the engine torque; determining a desired speed of rotation of the driving shaft; determining a corrective clamping force by comparing the speed of rotation of the driving shaft to the desired speed of rotation of the driving shaft; and controlling a hydraulic pressure applied to a movable sheave to apply a sum of the base and corrective clamping forces onto the belt. A vehicle having a CVT controlled by the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A jet propulsion unit has a water inlet, a pump body, an impeller, and a valve assembly fluidly. The valve assembly has a valve housing having an inlet fluidly connected to the pump body, a first outlet and a second outlet. A valve body is disposed in the valve housing and is movable between first and second positions. In the first position, water from a body of water flows consecutively through the water inlet, the pump body, the inlet of the valve housing, the valve housing and the first outlet of the valve housing. In the second position, water from the body of water flows consecutively through the water inlet, the pump body, the inlet of the valve housing, the valve housing, and the second outlet of the valve housing. A watercraft having the jet propulsion unit is also disclosed.

Abstract: A watercraft has first and second jet propulsion units. The first jet propulsion unit includes a first inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, and a first valve. The second jet propulsion unit includes a second inlet, a third outlet, a fourth outlet, and a second valve. The watercraft also includes first and second discharge ports disposed on opposite sides of a longitudinal centerline, a first pipe fluidly communicating the first discharge port with the second outlet, a second pipe fluidly communicating the second discharge port with the second outlet, third and a fourth discharge ports disposed on opposite sides of the longitudinal centerline, a third pipe fluidly communicating the third discharge port with the fourth outlet, and a fourth pipe fluidly communicating the fourth discharge port with the fourth outlet.

Abstract: A process for steam reforming of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel includes the steps of: providing a reactant mixture comprising H2O and the hydrocarbonaceous fuel; and contacting the reactant mixture with a Al2O3-yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ)-supported NiAl2O4 spinel catalyst under conditions wherein the reactant gas mixture is at least partially steam reformed into a product gas mixture including H2 and CO. The synthesis gas (H2 and CO) produced can be used as feed material for fuel cells. The catalyst includes a NiAl2O4 spinel-based catalytically active material; and a support material comprising: Al2O3 and ZrO2. The Al2O3-YSZ-supported NiAl2O4 catalyst can be used in steam reforming of a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel.

Abstract: An inlet grate cleaning system for a water jet propulsion system to be used in a watercraft. The water jet propulsion system has a water passage, the water passage has an inlet and the inlet has a forward area and a rearward area with respect to the watercraft. The inlet grate cleaning system comprises a pump and at least one water intake fluidly connected to the pump. At least one water outlet is also fluidly connected to the pump. The pump is adapted for pumping water from the at least one water intake to the at least one water outlet to create at least one jet of water. The at least one water outlet is positioned so as to direct the at least one jet of water toward an inlet grate.

Abstract: A driving pulley for a CVT has a shaft, a fixed sheave mounted on the shaft, a first sleeve disposed around the shaft and being operatively connected to the shaft, a movable sheave mounted on the first sleeve, a second sleeve disposed around the first sleeve and being connected to the shaft, a spring biasing the movable sheave away from the fixed sheave, and a CVT chamber having an annular cross-section. The fixed and movable sheaves are adapted to receive a belt therebetween. The CVT chamber has at least one opening adapted for fluidly communicating the CVT chamber with a hydraulic fluid reservoir. Hydraulic pressure in the CVT chamber biases the movable sheave toward the fixed sheave. The CVT chamber has an inner wall formed by the first sleeve, an outer wall formed by the second sleeve, an outer end, and an inner end formed by the movable sheave.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hydraulic CVT of a vehicle comprises: determining a speed of rotation of a driving shaft; determining a speed of rotation of a driven shaft; determining a ratio of the speed of rotation of the driving shaft versus the speed of rotation of the driven shaft; determining an engine torque; determining a base clamping force to be applied by the driving pulley onto the belt based on the ratio and the engine torque; determining a desired speed of rotation of the driving shaft; determining a corrective clamping force by comparing the speed of rotation of the driving shaft to the desired speed of rotation of the driving shaft; and controlling a hydraulic pressure applied to a movable sheave to apply a sum of the base and corrective clamping forces onto the belt. A vehicle having a CVT controlled by the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to identify alternatively spliced variants enriched in cancer specimens and a method for prognosis of cancer in a subject by detecting a signature of splicing events. There is also provided a method for profiling cancer in a subject by detecting a signature of splicing events.

Abstract: A method of applying total liquid ventilation to a patient according to a ventilation cycle including inspiration and expiration profiles, comprises supplying oxygenated liquid to the patient's lungs, withdrawing liquid from the patient's lungs, and controlling independently supply of oxygenated liquid to the patient's lungs and withdrawal of liquid from the patient's lungs. This supply and withdrawal independent control comprises producing a ventilation cycle having independently controlled inspiration and expiration profiles. To carry out the method, a total liquid ventilator system comprises an inspiration pump for supplying oxygenated liquid to the patient's lungs, and an expiration pump for withdrawing liquid from the patient's lungs. A ventilation cycle control comprises first and second pump controllers connected to the inspiration and expiration pumps, respectively, to produce a ventilation cycle having independently controlled inspiration and expiration profiles.