Abstract: A complex orthogonal code in the present invention is one in which each row of a square matrix of N rows and N columns in which an element of an mth row and nth column is exp[2?j(m?1)(n?1)/N] (where j is an imaginary unit) is adopted as a code word. An optical orthogonal code for Optical Code Division Multiplexing/Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDM/OCDMA) is realized by a train of N-number of optical pulses corresponding to the argument (phase) of the code elements. An optical transmitter or optical receiver includes an optical correlator provided with a sampled Bragg grating having a plurality of Bragg gratings disposed serially at regular intervals inside an optical waveguide. The optical correlator is allocated any one of the code words. In the optical transmitter, an optical signal to be transmitted is encoded by the optical correlator. In the receiver, a received optical signal is decoded by the optical correlator.

Abstract: An oxynitride piezoelectric material, which exhibits ferroelectricity and has good piezoelectric properties, and a method of producing the oxynitride piezoelectric material. The oxynitride piezoelectric material includes a tetragonal perovskite-type oxynitride represented by the following general formula (1): A1?xBix+?1B1?yB?y+?2O3?zNz??(1), where A represents a divalent element, B and B? each represent a tetravalent element, x represents a numerical value of 0.35 or more to 0.6 or less, y represents a numerical value of 0.35 or more to 0.6 or less, z represents a numerical value of 0.35 or more to 0.6 or less, and ?1 and ?2 each represent a numerical value of ?0.2 or more to 0.2 or less, in which the A includes at least one kind selected from Ba, Sr, and Ca and the B and the B? each include at least one kind selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Ge, and Sn.

Abstract: Provided are a piezoelectric material without using lead or an alkali metal, the piezoelectric material having a stable crystal structure in a wide temperature range, high insulation property, and high piezoelectric property, and a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric material, in which the piezoelectric material is made of a metal oxide having a tetragonal crystal structure and expressed by Ba(SixGeyTiz)O3 (here, 0?x?1, 0?y?1, and 0?z?0.5), the piezoelectric element includes the piezoelectric material and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the piezoelectric material, and at least one of the pair of electrodes is made of SrRuO3 or Ni.

Abstract: A biological sample can be subjected to measurement, description and ionization of ions is possible under atmospheric pressure without undergoing pretreatment. Imaging having a resolution on the nanometer order can be performed. An STM needle (probe) of an XYZ-axis-drive piezoelectric element is oscillated along the Z axis to contact the sample to a depth on the nanometer order and capture molecules at the needle tip. A pulsed high voltage is applied to the needle, achieving needle electrospray. The sample molecules are then desorbed and ionized, and mass spectrometry is carried out. The needle is swept in the XY directions, oscillation is repeated and an image obtained by molecular imaging of a nanometer area of the biological sample is measured. The probe may be brought into contact with a droplet produced at the tip of a capillary connected to the outlet port of a liquid chromatograph to capture a sample.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric material including a lead-free perovskite-type composite oxide which is excellent in piezoelectric characteristics and temperature characteristics and is represented by the general formula (1): xABO3-yA?BO3-zA?B?O3 in which A is a Bi element; A? is a rare earth element including La; B is at least one element selected from Ti, Zn, Sn and Zr; A? is at least one element selected from Ba, Sr and Ca; B? is at least one element selected from divalent, trivalent, pentavalent, tetravalent, and hexavalent elements; and x is a value of 0.10 or more and 0.95 or less, y is a value of 0 or more and 0.5 or less, and z is a value of 0 or more and 0.7 or less, provided that x+y+z=1.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric material having a good piezoelectric property and Curie temperature (Tc) of 150° C. or higher, and a piezoelectric device using the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material includes a sintered body made of a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): xBi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3?(1?x)BaTiO3 (1), where x satisfies 0.17?x?0.8, in which an average grain size of grains contained in the sintered body is 0.5 ?m or larger to 10 ?m or smaller, and the sintered body is polycrystal. In addition, the piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric material and a pair of electrodes disposed in contact with the piezoelectric material, in which the piezoelectric material is the above-mentioned piezoelectric material.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to make possible the manufacturing of sheath-core type super microfilaments from sheath-core type filaments such as hollow filaments, optical filaments and conjugate filaments continuously and stably by a simple and convenient means without requiring any apparatus of high-accuracy and high-level, characterized in that original filaments delivered from sheath-core type filament supply means are heated by infrared beams and the heated sheath-core type filaments are drawn at 100 times or more by a tension provided by the own weight or under a tension of 1 MPa or less.

Abstract: A first trocar as an medical apparatus includes an insertion hole having a projection opening for leading out a biopsy forceps into a body of a subject, a lid body for blocking the projection opening of the insertion hole, and a cooling sheet for cryogenically cooling a biopsy portion arranged in the vicinity of the lid body in a state where the biopsy forceps is stored in the insertion hole, and is capable of easily harvesting a living tissue while retaining morphological change of tissues in a living body under various hemodynamics.

Abstract: Provided are an oxynitride piezoelectric material which exhibits ferroelectricity and has good piezoelectric properties and a method of producing the oxynitride piezoelectric material. The oxynitride piezoelectric material includes a tetragonal perovskite-type oxynitride represented by the following general formula (1): A1-xBix+?1B1-yB?y+?2O3-zNz??(1) where A represents a divalent element, B and B? each represent a tetravalent element, x represents a numerical value of 0.35 or more to 0.6 or less, y represents a numerical value of 0.35 or more to 0.6 or less, z represents a numerical value of 0.35 or more to 0.6 or less, and ?1 and ?2 each represent a numerical value of ?0.2 or more to 0.2 or less, in which the A includes at least one kind selected from Ba, Sr, and Ca and the B and the B? each include at least one kind selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Ge, and Sn.

Abstract: By detecting an antibody which immunologically reacts with amylase ?2-A in a sample, AIP or FT1DM is examined or the possibility of developing FT1DM is determined. Detection of this antibody is for instance carried out by an immunological method using an antigen which immunologically reacts with this antibody. The antigen is preferably a partial fragment containing the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 299 to 512 of human amylase ?2-A.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric material excellent in piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric material includes a perovskite-type complex oxide represented by the following General Formula (1). A (ZnxTi1-x))yM(1-y)O3??(1) wherein A represents at least one kind of element containing at least a Bi element and selected from a trivalent metal element; M represents at least one kind of element of Fe, Al, Sc, Mn, Y, Ga, and Yb; x represents a numerical value satisfying 0.4?x?0.6; and y represents a numerical value satisfying 0.1?y?0.9.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric material which includes a compound free of lead and alkali metal and has a good piezoelectric property. The piezoelectric material where tungsten bronze structure oxides being free of lead and alkali metal and represented by AxB10O30 and A?x?B?10O30 are combined to form a morphotropic phase boundary has good piezoelectric property. The AxB10O30 is b(Ba5?5?Bi10?/3Nb10O30)+(1?b)(Ba4Ag2Nb10O30) (0?b?1 and 0<??0.4), and the A?x?B?10O30 is c(Sr5Nb10O30)+d(Ca5Nb10O30)+e(Ba5Nb10O30) (0?c?0.8, 0?d?0.4, 0.1?e?0.9, and c+d+e=1).

Abstract: The present invention is for dissolving a metal complex and a low-pressure additive gas in a supercritical fluid and supplying the same continuously to a reaction vessel, aiming to provide a method and an apparatus for adding a low-pressure gas to a high-pressure supercritical fluid continuously, so that a gas which should be handled with care, such as a combustible gas, can be added to a supercritical fluid without compression. The method for continuously adding a low-pressure gas to a supercritical fluid comprises supplying a reactant gas to a supercritical fluid or a subcritical fluid by repeating, in an alternate manner, a step of storing a reactant gas midway through a piping in a low-pressure state and a step of carrying the reactant gas toward a reaction vessel with the supercritical fluid or the subcritical fluid, so that the reactant gas is continuously charged in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Provided are a piezoelectric material without using lead or an alkali metal, the piezoelectric material having a stable crystal structure in a wide temperature range, high insulation property, and high piezoelectric property, and a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric material, in which the piezoelectric material is made of a metal oxide having a tetragonal crystal structure and expressed by Ba(SixGeyTiz)O3 (here, 0?x?1, 0?y?1, and 0?z?0.5), the piezoelectric element includes the piezoelectric material and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the piezoelectric material, and at least one of the pair of electrodes is made of SrRuO3 or Ni.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for screening compounds to identify therapeutic candidates for treating hemostasis disorders, the method includes the steps of contacting a cell that expresses a CLEC-2 receptor with a test compound and a CLEC-2 receptor ligand, under conditions which, but for the presence of the test compound, permit binding of the CLEC-2 receptor to the CLEC-2 receptor ligand; and detecting if any increase or decrease in an indicator of CLEC-2 receptor activity is observed in comparison to a control; wherein an increase or decrease in the indicator in comparison to the control indicates that the test compound is a candidate for modulating hemostasis.

Abstract: A metallic separator for fuel cells having a metal plate, an electroconductive coating layer covering at least a surface in front and back surfaces of the metal plate which contacts a raw material and/or a reaction product, and an electroconductive channel-forming member disposed on a surface of the coating layer and forming a channel for the raw material and/or the reaction product and/or a channel for a cooling medium for cooling. A surface layer on the metal plate has a tensile residual stress within such a range that no stress-corrosion cracking occurs.

Abstract: In medical situation, a self breathing holding method using no breathing monitoring device shows inferior accuracy in holding breathing by a patient with poor understanding of the self breathing holding method. In view of the above, development of a readily understandable breathing holding method and breathing monitoring device with high accuracy has been desired. A breathing monitoring device having a multi-point detector comprises a housing mounted to a treatment couch for a patient to lie thereon, so as to cover the patient's body, such as a chest, an abdomen, or the like; a displacement amount determination unit mounted to the housing, for determining displacement amounts of at least two points on the patient's chest and abdomen; and a respiration level determination unit for determining a combined displacement amount which is a combination of the displacement amounts determined of the patient's chest and abdomen due to respiration.

Abstract: In medical situation, a self breathing holding method using no breathing monitoring device shows inferior accuracy in holding breathing by a patient with poor understanding of the self breathing holding method. In view of the above, development of a readily understandable breathing holding method and breathing monitoring device with high accuracy has been desired. A breathing monitoring device having a multi-point detector comprises a housing mounted to a treatment couch for a patient to lie thereon, so as to cover the patient's body, such as a chest, an abdomen, or the like; a displacement amount determination unit mounted to the housing, for determining displacement amounts of at least two points on the patient's chest and abdomen; and a respiration level determination unit for determining a combined displacement amount which is a combination of the displacement amounts determined of the patient's chest and abdomen due to respiration.

Abstract: A laser spray method exhibiting a high detection sensitivity when applied to mass analysis has its sensitivity raised further. In a laser spray method of ionizing a liquid sample by irradiating, with a laser beam, the end of a capillary into which the sample has been introduced, use is made of an infrared laser as the laser beam, at least the end of the capillary is formed of a substance that does not readily absorb the laser beam used, and either the capillary is formed of a conductor and a high voltage is applied thereto, or the capillary is formed of an insulator, a conductive wire is placed inside a small cavity of the capillary and a high voltage is applied to the conductive wire.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielding material is formed of a tubular electromagnetic shielding material made of a vinyl based conductive polymer fiber represented by formula (2). The tubular electromagnetic shielding material is produced by forming a tubular compact made of a vinyl based conductive polymer precursor fiber represented by formula (1), and heating the tubular compact to eliminate a leaving group from the precursor fiber. where R1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a hetero hydrocarbon group, and R2 represents the leaving group.