Abstract: The present invention provides materials and methods for researching poultry viruses, particularly for researching infectious bronchitis viruses in poultry. Also provided are materials and methods useful for reducing the economic impact that infectious bronchitis disease has on poultry production. In one aspect of the invention, there are provided nucleic acids, amino acids and related materials and compositions useful for combating infectious bronchitis virus in poultry.

Abstract: Techniques for determining an equilibrium structure of a protein in a predetermined environment, the protein having Ramachandran angles and a known denatured structure, are disclosed. One example method includes determining a maximum RMS volume of the known denatured structure of the protein and calculating at least one force on the protein in its current structure in the predetermined environment. The net torque resulting from the at least one force for each of the Ramachandran angles of the protein is then determined. Then at least one section of the protein structure on a side of a Ramachandran angle with the greatest torque is rotated to form a new structure. A RMS volume for the new structure is then calculated, and the method is repeated using the new structure until the new RMS volume of the new protein structure is not less than the RMS volume of the starting structure.

Abstract: Provided are solar cells, photovoltaics and related methods for making solar cells, wherein the solar cell is made of ultrathin solar grade or low quality silicon. In an aspect, the invention is a method of making a solar cell by providing a solar cell substrate having a receiving surface and assembling a printable semiconductor element on the receiving surface of the substrate via contact printing. The semiconductor element has a thickness that is less than or equal to 100 ?m and, for example, is made from low grade Si.

Abstract: Select phytoestrogen pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use for preventing or reducing one or more symptoms associated with pre menopause, menopause, and/or post menopause are described herein. These select phytoestrogen formulations are composed only of two or more plant-derived estrogenic molecules and/or their structural analogues and exhibit binding preference to ER? over ER? and agonist activity in the brain. These ER?-selective phytoestrogen formulations cross the blood-brain-barrier and promote estrogen-associated neurotrophism and neuroprotection mechanisms in the brain, without activating proliferative mechanisms in the reproductive tissues and are therefore devoid of other estrogen-associated problematic aspects. The formulations can be administered enterally, transdermally, transmucosally, intranasally or parenterally. The formulations preferably contain combinations of compounds, and can be formulated for daily, sustained, delayed or weekly/monthly administration.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-route routing scheme that supports Quality of Service (QoS) in the wireless mesh network. A method of notifying about and avoiding congestion situation in data transmission in a wireless mesh network and a mesh node may also be provided. Data may be differentially transmitted to multiple routes by obtaining a route congestion level existing in a current multi-hop route and thus, data providing a real-time service, such as a video streaming service, may avoid congested routes and may be promptly transmitted. Multiple queues in a mesh node may be divided into divided queues based on a congestion situation of a transmission route in a network and the divided queues may be transmitted through multiple routes and thus, an efficiency of the overall network may increase.

Abstract: Devices comprising functionalized materials, and embodiments of a method for making and using such devices, are disclosed. Exemplary devices include ophthalmic devices, nanoparticles, quartz crystal microbalances, microarrays, and nanocomposites. In particular embodiments, device surfaces are modified with monomers and/or polymers, typically carbohydrate monomers and/or polymers. Embodiments of a method for making and using such devices are disclosed. Monomers and/or polymers are covalently bonded to surfaces using functionalized perhalophenylazides. In some embodiments, device surfaces are functionalized with a perhalophenylazide. One or more monomers and/or polymers subsequently are covalently bonded to the device surface using the perhalophenylazide. In other embodiments, monomers and/or polymers are derivatized with a functionalized perhalophenylazide. The derivatized monomers and/or polymers then are covalently bonded to the device surface using the perhalophenylazide.

Abstract: A microplate apparatus having a bottom plate defining a plurality of very small microwells (for example, each having a volume of 0.02 or less) for containing sample material and a top plate defining a plurality of domes, each of which housing a sensors for measuring biological parameters, such as cellular oxygen consumption, pH changes, calcium uptake, and metabolic reduction of fluorescent dyes. The top and bottom plates may be composed of quartz. The microplate assembly may be fabricated using a method involving applying an etching solution to each of the top and bottom plates to create the domes and microwells. Additionally, etching solution may be applied to the bottom plate to create a raised lip region around each of the microwells. The etched-away areas surrounding the lip regions facilitate the changing of microwell solution without disrupting the samples.

Abstract: The present application relates to a high precision method for calibrating and removing distortion from a lens, and more particularly, a method for calibrating and removing distortion by arranging sensor readings to compensate for its presence and simultaneously optimize the resulting image magnification for best image quality.

Abstract: A technology that can adaptively control an access mode according to a shared band or an unlicensed band used by an adjacent communication system. An access mode controlling apparatus includes a band recognition unit to recognize a usage rate of an unlicensed band or a shared band that is used by an adjacent communication system of a target communication system; a mode determination unit to determine, as an access mode, any one of a contention access mode and a contention-free access mode, based on the usage rate of the unlicensed band or the shared band; and an information transmitter to transmit mode information associated with the determined access mode to member nodes or a base station of the target communication system.

Abstract: A compound having inhibitory activity on the binding of a substance ? to a PTGS suppressor protein, wherein the substance ? has a property of inducing PTGS and a property of binding to the PTGS suppressor protein and shows a decrease in the property of inducing PTGS upon binding to the PTGS suppressor protein.

Abstract: A nucleic acid cleavage kit is used to cleave a target nucleic acid. The nucleic acid cleavage kit includes a carrier, an oligonucleotide, and a nucleic acid cleavage agent. The oligonucleotide recognizes at least partial sequence of the target nucleic acid. Then, the nucleic acid cleavage agent cleaves the target nucleic acid. A nucleic acid cleavage detection apparatus including the nucleic acid cleaving kit and a gene therapy by administering the nucleic acid cleavage kit are also disclosed.

Abstract: A CPT1 inhibitor compound is represented by Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A method of treating a subject having cancer comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for burning-in an electronic ballast for a lamp. The apparatus comprises a first stage for emulating an input impedance characteristic of a lamp for the electronic ballast and a second stage connected to the first stage for providing energy feedback to a power supply. An input of the first stage connects in use to the electronic ballast to be burnt-in. An output of the second stage connects in use to the power supply to provide energy feedback to said power supply from the electronic ballast being burnt-in. The energy-recyclable burn-in apparatus can emulate the lamp characteristics from start up to the steady state, process high-frequency ballast output power and recycle the power back into the power grid. The burn-in method includes operating the apparatus for a predetermined period of time such that a voltage applied to the electronic ballast simulates a steady-state operation of a lamp for the electronic ballast.

Abstract: Novel, activatable dyes, such as photoactivatable dyes, e.g., oxazine dyes, are described. Some of the dyes are targeting dyes that can, e.g., target biomolecules, such as polypeptides, proteins, or nucleic acids. Upon activation, such as by irradiation, the novel dyes rapidly turn on their fluorescence and emit light, such as near-IR light with spatial and temporal precision.

Abstract: The invention provides methods permitting the detection of small amounts of different nucleic acids in the presence of an excess amount of wild-type nucleic acids. Also provided herein are method so detecting infectious disease minority variants, methods of forensic identification, methods of diagnosing cancer and monitoring disease progress.

Abstract: Control of a digital communication system having a plurality of communication lines on which signals are transmitted and received is implemented using a variety of methods and systems. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method is implemented where the signals are affected by interference during transmission and each of the communication lines has at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. A model is created of the interference characteristics due to the signals carried on the communication lines. Interference characteristics for a line are determined based on the model and actual signals carried on other communication lines different from the line for which the characteristics are being determined. Actual interference is compensated for on the communication line using the determined interference characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for demodulating received signals and an apparatus therefore which can maintain quality of signals and can reduce computational complexity. A demodulation method of a receiving device for receiving a plurality of signals modulated through a M-ary (M is a natural number of 1 or more) modulation method includes: comparing channel frequency response power of a first channel with channel frequency response power of a second channel, selecting M reference signals on the basis of the compared result, selecting corresponding signals paired with respective selected M reference signals, and estimating transmitting signals from the M signal pairs including pairs of the reference signal and the corresponding signal. Accordingly, the computational complexity is reduced from O (M2) to O (M).

Abstract: A wound healing system comprising an array of electrodes incorporated in a device for applying an electrical signal to a wound. The electrodes are configurable to form at least one composite electrode and the electrical signal is applied to the wound via the composite electrode(s). The system preferably includes means for determining the state of the wound, the electrode composition of the composite electrode(s) depending on the determined state of the wound. Advantageously, the electrode composition of the composite electrode(s) is adjustable in response to changes in the determined state of the wound.

Abstract: A method and system comprising measuring concentrations of first and second isotopologues of a gas of interest within a first cavity that is sealably in contact with a soil location through an inlet membrane, and the first cavity being defined by chamber walls having openings covered by outlet membranes. Reference concentrations of the first and second isotopologues are measured in a second cavity having a closed bottom, the second cavity being defined by chamber walls having openings covered by more outlet membranes. Relative flux of the isotopologues can be calculated using the measured concentrations.

Abstract: An optical sensor, a method of configuring an optical sensor, and a method of using an optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes an optical loop having a length and a laser source optically coupled to the loop. The laser source has a coherence length. Light from the source is transmitted to the loop as a first signal and a second signal counterpropagating along the loop. The optical paths of the first signal and the second signal are substantially reciprocal with one another and the first signal and the second signal are combined together after counterpropagating through the loop to generate a third signal. A ratio of the coherence length to the length of the loop is greater than 1.