Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a fatty acid from a mixture comprising a fatty acid and a rosin acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite, thereby selectively retaining the fatty acid. The fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid comprising an aqueous solution of a ketone from the group comprising acetone, methyl-ethylketone, or di-ethylketone.

Abstract: A new catalyst for converting hydrocarbons, especially for reforming hydrocarbons, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process using the catalyst as well as a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component, a tin component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous support material, wherein the atomic ratio of indium to platinum group component is more than about 1.14. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the catalyst is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable for use as a petrochemical feedstock.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. Paraffinic hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated to yield an olefin-containing stream, which is later charged to an alkylation zone for reaction with an aromatic hydrocarbon. The olefin-containing stream is first passed through a selective hydrogenation zone in which diolefins are converted to monoolefins by contact with a selective catalyst. This increases the yield and the quality of the product alkylate by greatly reducing the production of biphenyl compounds and oligomers in the alkylation zone. The selective hydrogenation zone is located between the vapor-liquid separator and stripper column of the dehydrogenation zone.

Abstract: Processes for the conversion of gases into useable products as exemplified by the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form paraffinic hydrocarbons, hydrogen and nitrogen to form ammonia, and water and carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen may be effected at reaction conditions which include temperatures in the range of from about 200.degree. to about 700.degree. C. and pressures ranging from atmospheric to about 1000 atmospheres. The catalyst system which is to be employed to effect these reactions will comprise an iron-containing compound admixed with elemental copper, and potassium-, aluminum- and vanadium-containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a fatty acid from a mixture comprising a fatty acid and a rosin acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite in a phosphorus modified alumina matrix, the precursor of the molecular sieve comprising silicalite powder dispersed in an alumina hydrosol commingled with a phosphorus containing compound, the phosphorus to aluminum molar ratio in the molecular sieve being from 1:1 to 1:100. The fatty acid is selectively retained. The fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement material comprising an organic acid.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a fatty acid from a mixture comprising a fatty acid and an unsaponifiable compound, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising a crystalline silica having a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12, thereby selectively retaining the fatty acid. The fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement at displacement conditions with a displacement fluid soluble in the feed mixture and having a polarity index of at least 3.5.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a mixture of mono- and diallkylated aromatic hydrocarbons suitable for use as a detergent or as a surfactant in enhanced oil recovery processes. Two alkylation reaction stages are used in series, with a separate amount of an acyclic olefin being charged to each reaction stage. The effluent of the second alkylation reaction stage is separated by fractionation to form a mixture of mono- and dialkylated hydrocarbons. A portion of this mixture is recycled to the second alkylation reaction stage, with remainder being withdrawn as the product stream.

Abstract: An improved process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffinic hydrocarbons is disclosed. Feed paraffinic hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated to yield an olefin-containing vapor stream, which is partially condensed to produce a liquid phase process stream which contains by-product diolefins along with the intended product monoolefins. The liquid phase process stream and added hydrogen are passed through a selective hydrogenation zone in which diolefins are catalytically converted to monoolefins. This increases the quality of the product monoolefin stream. The selective hydrogenation zone is located between the vapor-liquid separator and stripper column of the dehydrogenation zone.

Abstract: Substantial improvement in the selectivity of reduction of fatty materials may be obtained using as a catalyst a zerovalent Group VIII metal dispersed in an eggshell distribution on a porous support. When the catalyst is nickel on gamma-alumina it is possible to perform continuous reduction using a fixed catalyst bed with selectivities which equal or exceed that exhibited by conventional nickel catalysts used in a batch process.

Abstract: A broad variety of modified inorganic oxides may be prepared by surface-metallating the oxide with a metal tetrahalide followed by displacement of a halogen bonded to the metal by a nucleophilic organic functional group. The results are organic moieties coating the surface of the oxide by being covalently bonded to a metal which, in turn, is covalently bonded to an oxygen originally associated with a surface hydroxyl of the inorganic oxide.

Abstract: A process for the separation of sucrose from molasses and the unique adsorbent used to accomplish the separation. The adsorbent comprises a mixture of an ion retardation resin and a calcium and potassium cation exchanged nuclearly sulfonated styrene cation exchange resin having about 8% crosslinkage. In the process, the molasses feedstock is passed through a bed of the adsorbent and the sugar components, including sucrose, are eluted first and the mineral salts and betaine selectively retained. The retained components may be desorbed with water.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the reduction of nitrogen oxide comprising vanadium and, optionally, tungsten deposited on an inorganic oxide support, preferably titania. A precursor of the catalyst is treated with an acid from the group comprising the moderately strong organic acids and/or the strong mineral acids, excluding sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, preferably following the deposition of the metal(s). Other aspects of the invention are a method of preparing the catalyst and a process for its use wherein a gaseous stream of nitrogen oxide and ammonia is contacted with the catalyst at reductive reaction conditions.

Abstract: The preparation of syrups which contain a high glucose or maltose content may be effected in a two-step process. In the first step, a feedstock such as starch which has been pretreated with alpha-amylase to adjust the dextrose equivalent is contacted with an enzyme such as amyloglucosidase or beta-amylase immobilized on a solid support. The contact time is adjusted by correlating the residence time and the liquid hourly space velocity so as to provide a conversion percentage of starch in the range of from about 50% to 85%, thus avoiding the formation of undesired conversion products. The partially hydrolyzed reaction mixture from the enzyme treatment is then passed through an ultrafiltration membrane whereby the permeate comprising the high glucose or maltose content is recovered, while the retentate is recycled for admixture with the partially hydrolyzed reaction mixture or for further treatment with the immobilized enzyme.

Abstract: Well screen assembly for permitting a plurality of pipe based well screen segments in an extended length production zone to be brought into operation simultaneously uses a ported connector sub to join each pair of screen segments so that the ends of the relatively large diameter perforated pipe base supports are attached to the connector's ends. Each screen also has solid internal pipe members of much smaller diameter which are joined to a central bore in the connector. Annular spaces between the internal pipe members and the pipe base supports communicate through the connector ports and permit flow from both screens to reach the inside of the inner pipe members when downhole perforations are made in only one of the inner pipe members.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating oleic acid from a feed mixture comprising an oleic acid and linoleic acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite, thereby selectively retaining the oleic acid. The oleic acid may be recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid. The feed mixture may also contain rosin acids in which case a first molecular sieve comprising silicalite is used to separate the fatty acids from the rosin acids.

Abstract: Aromatic azopolymers can be prepared in generally high yield by oxidatively coupling aromatic diamines using perborate salts. Glacial acetic acid is an effective solvent, and the presence or boric acid in the reaction medium sometimes improves product yield. Polymer yields over 70% generally are observed.

Abstract: A method of continuously hydrogenating fatty materials over a fixed catalyst bed utilizes zerovalent nickel on alpha-alumina. Partial hydrogenation of soybean oil to an IV of about 110 can be successfully performed using alpha-alumina of surface area less than about 5 m.sup.2 /g to afford a product whose SFI is acceptable for end product use.

Abstract: Selective continuous hydrogenations of fatty materials are possible over a fixed bed of zerovalent nickel on an alpha-alumina support. The selectivity of such continuous hydrogenations is further enhanced by performing such hydrogenations in an upflow mode. When soybean oil is used and hydrogenation is continued to an IV of about 110, the resulting partially hydrogenated soybean oil is comparable in its solids content to that obtained in a batch hydrogenation using presently conventional commercial catalysts.

Abstract: Improved lifetimes of group VIII metals used as hydrogenation catalysts for carbohydrates in aqueous solution may be obtained by utilizing carbohydrate feedstocks containing less than about 0.5 ppm dissolved oxygen prior to contact with catalyst under hydrogenation conditions. Using ruthenium as a catalyst, effective lifetime may be doubled with dissolved oxygen levels less than about 0.2 ppm.

Abstract: Plural pipe-based well screen segments can be assembled more quickly and easily and with no chance of damage to the screen jacket by welding a boss ring to the center pipe of each segment intermediate the upper pipe end and the screen jacket and then using a slip to support the boss ring. The slip is designed to be supported by holes normally present in the master bushing of a rotary drilling table or platform and is of sufficient height that the screen sections can be joined without the operator having to bend over. A pair of relatively light weight, hinged cantilevered plates can be easily lifted to provide clearance for the screen jacket to be lowered through the table and are then moved to their horizontal position just before the boss ring portion of the screen is lowered so as to engage them. A vertical bar on the slip acts as a wrench stop to permit the upper end of the pipe to be held stationary as the succeeding segment of screen is threaded to it.