Abstract: Refractory materials which replicate a substantial portion of the internal pore structure as well as the shape and dimensions of high surface area microporous substrate materials which comprise metal or metalloid carbides may be prepared by uniformly depositing a carbide-forming metal or metalloid on the internal surfaces of a high surface area microporous carbon-donor substrate material in the vapor phase. By controlling the operating parameters when depositing carbide-forming metal or metalloid, it is possible to effect a balance between the diffusion rate of the metal or metalloid-containing compound in the structure pores of the substrate with the decomposition rate of the compound, thus obtaining a uniform deposition of the metal or metalloid. If so desired, the substrate material may be subsequently removed by chemical or oxidative means.

Abstract: A process for separating a fatty acid from an unsaponifiable compound. A feedstream comprising the acid and unsaponifiable compound is contacted with an aqueous alcohol solvent which is selective for and absorbs the fatty acid. An extract stream comprising the fatty acid may then be recovered. The feedstock is best used in a diluent which is preferably a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Sucrose which is found in molasses such as beet molasses or cane molasses may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the molasses over a solid adsorbent such as activated carbon. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from the betaine and mineral salts, specifically potassium chloride, in the molasses. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising an alcohol. An essential step in the process is the flushing of the desorbent from the adsorbent with water prior to the subsequent contact of the adsorbent with the feed stream.

Abstract: A mutant Streptomyces coelicolor, NRRL 15398, produces glucose isomerase constitutively at a level at least as great as the parent does inductively in common growth media. The isomerase can be effectively used to isomerize glucose to fructose in a continuous process using immobilized enzyme.

Abstract: A process vessel which contains a control system for maintaining average pressure drop across gas discharge nozzles above a minimum valve to prevent the occurrence of inactive nozzles, said nozzles comprising part of a distributor which is used to distribute gas across the lower portion of the processing vessel, wherein the control system comprises:(a) means for establishing a flow signal representative of the rate of flow of gas in said pipeline supplying the gas to said distributor;(b) means for establishing a temperature signal representative of the temperature of the gas flowing in said distributor;(c) means for establishing a pressure signal representative of the pressure of the gas flowing in said distributor;(d) computing means for calculating the average pressure drop across said nozzles using said flow, pressure, and temperature signals and appropriate constant parameters and equations;(e) means for comparing said average pressure drop across said nozzles with a minimum value, generating a correction

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas by contacting the gas with an acceptor comprising a lithium doped mixture of magnesium and aluminum oxides. The acceptor reacts with and retains the sulfur oxides. The retained sulfur oxides are then removed from the acceptor by reducing the acceptor through contact with hydrogen. The above process has the advantage of extremely high selectivity for hydrogen sulfide with regard to the effluent produced during the reduction step.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating oleic acid from a feed mixture comprising an oleic acid and linoleic acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite, thereby selectively retaining the oleic acid. The oleic acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid comprising a diluent soluble in the feed mixture and having a polarity index of at least 3.5. Displacement occurs at a temperature from about 120.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. The feed mixture may also contain rosin acids in which case a first molecular sieve comprising silicalite is used to separate the fatty acids from the rosin acids.

Abstract: A new catalyst for converting hydrocarbons, especially for reforming hydrocarbons, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process using the catalyst as well as a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component, a tin component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous support material, wherein there is about 0.6 or more wt. %, on an elemental basis, indium present. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the catalyst is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable for use as a petrochemical feedstock.

Abstract: A process able to separate ortho-xylene from the other C.sub.8 aromatics. In the process the ortho-xylene-containing feed mixture is contacted with an X-type zeolite having silver cations at exchangeable cationic sites which has been subjected to a reduction step. The ortho-xylene is selectively adsorbed onto the adsorbent. The feed is then removed from the absorbent and the ortho-xylene recovered by desorption with para-diethylbenzene. The process is particularly amenable to the simulated moving bed flow scheme.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas by the steps comprising:(a) contacting said gas with an acceptor at acceptance conditions which reacts with and retains said sulfur oxides, said acceptor comprising calcium oxide deposited on an aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide support so as to provide essentially a single complete monolayer of calcium on said support, and (b) removing said retained sulfur oxides from the acceptor by contacting the acceptor with a reducing gas comprising hydrogen at reduction conditions.The process has particular utility in the FCC process in which the acceptor may be circulated with the FCC catalyst.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process for the production of C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons from C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 aliphatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. This dehydrocyclodimerization process is characterized by the integrated product recovery steps employed to separate hydrogen and products from the reactor effluent. Following partial condensation of the reactor effluent stream, the resultant vapor is subjected to liquid absorption (scrubbing) followed by autorefrigeration to yield lighter gas streams. Liquids from the various steps are separated via fractionation.

Abstract: A catalytic composite suitable for use in the continuous and simultaneous conversion of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides contained in hot gases particularly from hot gases from an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The catalytic composite comprises uranium and a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A support matrix which immobilizes enzymes by ion exchange forces comprises a core support deposited on which is a functionalized polyethylenimine insoluble in water. Such support matrices may be prepared from a virtually limitless variety of core supports since the functionalized polyethylenimines of this invention show excellent adhesive properties even to smooth surfaces. Such support matrices are particularly useful where the enzyme to be immobilized has a rather limited inherent half-life. The functionalized polyethylenimine is a carboxylic acid amide of polyethylenimine, a sulfonic acid amide of polyethylenimine or polyalkylated polyethylenimine.

Abstract: Several materials, suitable as carriers or supports for zerovalent metals dispersed thereon have been found to be appreciably more corrosion resistant in the environment of organic acids than are conventional supports, among which are included alpha-alumina, theta-alumina, titanated alumina, titania, and aluminum phosphate. The discovery of such corrosion resistant supports permits a continuous process for the hydrogenation of a fatty acid to its fatty alcohol using a fixed catalyst bed of a zerovalent metal dispersed on a carrier of this invention.

Abstract: A general method of resolution of chiral alcohols is based on the relatively facile chromatographic resolution of their diastereomeric esters with optically active amino acids. The naturally occurring L-amino acids and D-(-)-phenylglycine are especially useful, and the method is applicable to a range of alcohols of diverse structure.

Abstract: Alkylaromatic compounds may be prepared by utilizing paraffinic hydrocarbon as an alkylating agent for the aromatic compound. The alkylation is effected in a fragmented scavenging reaction in which the paraffinic hydrocarbon acts as a fragment donor while the aromatic compound acts as a scavenging agent. The reaction is effected by decomposing a paraffinic hydrocarbon on the surface of a nonacid-acting catalyst at a temperature in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 400.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 0.33 atmospheres to about 50 atmospheres.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a fatty acid from a mixture comprising a fatty acid and a rosin acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising a crystalline silica, thereby selectively retaining the fatty acid. The fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid comprising an ester containing less than six carbon atoms per molecule. Once the rosin acid is removed from the feed mixture, the process is also effective in separating the fatty acids from each other, using the same molecular sieve and displacement fluid.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a saturated fatty acid from a feed mixture comprising saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising a crystalline silica, thereby selectively retaining the saturated fatty acid. The saturated fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement at displacement conditions with a displacement fluid comprising a diluent soluble in the feed mixture and having a polarity index of at least 3.5. Amorphous silica is a preferred binder for the molecular sieve.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of linear olefinic hydrocarbons. A feed stream of paraffins is fed to a catalytic dehydrogenation reaction zone. Liquid phase hydrocarbons withdrawn from the dehydrogenation reaction zone are passed through a diolefin selective hydrogenation zone. The effluent of the hydrogenation zone is stripped of light ends and passed into an olefin separation zone, which preferably employs a selective adsorbent. The paraffinic effluent of the separation zone is recycled to the dehydrogenation zone. The paraffinic recycle stream contains some monoolefins, but is essentially free of diolefins. Dehydrogenation catalyst life is lengthened by elimination of diolefins in total charge to dehydrogenation zone. Product quality and yield is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas oxidation catalyst and a method of preparing the same. The method of the invention involves the impregnation of refractory inorganic oxide porous carrier material with an aqueous solution of a lithium salt of an organic acid in sufficient amount to result in a lithium content of from 0.1 to 0.8 wt. % based on the weight of the refractory inorganic oxide, prior to the impregnation of the carrier with catalytically active metallic compounds. The subject lithium impregnation results in a catalytic composite possessing higher oxidation activity and peripheral surface deposition of the catalytic metallic compounds.