Abstract: A hydrotreating reactor including a vessel comprising an upper zone, and intermediate zone and a lower zone. The upper zone comprises at least one upper catalyst bed. The intermediate zone comprises a vapor/liquid separation zone, wherein gas separated within the vapor/liquid separation zone is directed to a high pressure knockout drum and the liquid separated within the vapor/liquid separation zone is directed to a stripping section and then the lower zone. The lower zone comprises at least one lower catalyst bed. Preferably, the stripping section is configured and arranged for removing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from the gas.

Abstract: A process for separating xylene from a feedstock in which the feedstock is separated into a xylene stream, a benzene rich stream and a light ends stream. Two separation zones may be utilized in which liquid from both is sent to a compression zone and the vapor from the compression zone is combined with a stream prior to the stream entering the second separation zone.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst or catalyst precursor has been developed. The catalyst is a unique transition metal tungsten oxy-hydroxide material. The hydroprocessing using the transition metal tungsten oxy-hydroxide material or the decomposition product thereof may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline microporous silicometallophosphate designated SAPO-69 has been synthesized. These silicometallophosphate are represented by the empirical formula of: Rp+rMm+ExPSiyOz where M is an alkali metal such as potassium, R is an organoammonium cation such as ethyltrimethylammonium and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The SAPO-69 family of materials represent the first phosphate-based molecular sieves to have the OFF topology and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for separating at least one component.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reducing pressure of a flue gas stream comprising passing a pressurized flue gas stream to a vessel and through a bed of particulates in the vessel to reduce the pressure of the flue gas stream. The flue gas passes from the vessel at a lower pressure than at which it entered. The bed of particulates is disposed in the vessel between the outlet end of the inlet conduit and the inlet end of the outlet conduit. If deposits develop in the bed of particulates, the particulates can be replaced with fresh particulates to avoid excessive pressure drop.

Abstract: A system includes a high speed bus and a plurality of multi-function modules coupled to the high speed bus. The plurality of multi-function modules includes at least one controller configured to execute control logic for the system. The plurality of multi-function modules also includes at least one arbitrator configured to manage the at least one controller. The plurality of multi-function modules further includes at least one input/output (IO) manager configured to interface between the at least one controller and at least one field device.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for isomerizing hydrocarbons are provided. The process comprises isomerizing the hydrocarbon feed stream in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and hydrogen in an isomerization zone under isomerization conditions to produce an isomerized stream. The isomerized stream is stabilized in a stabilizer column to provide a stabilizer off-gas stream and a liquid isomerate stream. The stabilizer off gas stream is passed to a net-gas scrubber to obtain a net gas scrubber off-gas stream comprising hydrogen and C1-C4 hydrocarbons. The net gas scrubber off-gas stream is contacted with an absorber liquid feed comprising C5 to C7 hydrocarbons in an absorber column to provide an absorber overhead stream comprising predominantly hydrogen and an absorber bottoms stream comprising predominantly light ends, the light ends comprising C1-C4 hydrocarbons. The absorber overhead stream is passed to the isomerization zone as make-up hydrogen.

Abstract: An apparatus for a fired heater is presented. The fired heater is designed with process coils inside a shell, and with a positioning of the burners for reducing the size of the fired heater. The shell has a general rectangular prismatic shape with combustion inlets for admitting combustion gases from the burners, and the process coils include at least two inlet ports and at least one outlet port.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst has been developed. The catalyst is a unique transition metal tungstate material. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline ammonia transition metal dimolybdotungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Abstract: A unique crystalline bis-ammonia metal molybdate material has been developed. The material may be used as a hydroprocessing catalyst. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodearomatization, hydrodesilication, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Abstract: A unique mixed metal molybdotungstate material has been developed. The material may be used as a hydroprocessing catalyst. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodearomatization, hydrodesilication, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Abstract: Process and apparatuses for purifying a feed stream containing CO2 and predominantly hydrogen are provided. In an embodiment, the process includes passing the feed stream through a multilayer adsorbent bed comprising a first adsorbent section, a second adsorbent section downstream from the first adsorbent section and a third adsorbent section downstream from the second adsorbent section. The first adsorbent section comprises an activated carbon layer, the second adsorbent section comprises a layer of molecular sieve of the faujasite structure type with a Si/Al atomic ratio of from 1.5 to 8.0 and the third adsorbent section comprises a layer of molecular sieve of the faujasite structure type with a Si/Al atomic ratio of from 1.0 to 1.5. At least one of N2, CO2, CH4 and CO is adsorbed from the feed stream and a purified hydrogen product is recovered from the multilayer adsorbent bed.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating solid particles from a stream of a mixture of gaseous fluids and solid particles has a separation vessel. A mixture conduit extends vertically into a central section of the separation vessel and defines a discharge opening located within the vessel and tangentially oriented for discharging the stream into an open interior of the vessel and imparting a tangential velocity to the stream. A gas recovery conduit within the separation vessel has an inlet for withdrawing gaseous fluids from within the open interior of the separation vessel at a location below the discharge opening and radially offset from the mixture conduit. An intermediate portion of the gas recovery conduit is located above the inlet within the separation vessel and has a diameter greater than a diameter of the inlet.

Abstract: A process for combusting coke from catalyst in partial burn mode is disclosed. The partial burn regenerator runs deprived of oxygen such that the flue gas will contain a fair amount of carbon monoxide. The oxygen present in the flue gas can burn in the bed before reaching the dilute phase. The catalyst distributor is positioned in the upper chamber of the regeneration vessel for discharging the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of diisopropyl ether from high purity propylene without the need of a propane-propylene fractionation column has been developed. The process involves (1) reacting a high purity propylene feedstock and water to produce isopropyl alcohol in a reactor and reacting the isopropyl alcohol with propylene to produce diisopropyl ether in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst and a propane diluent to generate a reactor effluent stream containing at least water, isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether, propylene, and acid, (2) passing the reactor effluent to an acid removal zone to produce an acid-depleted stream, (3) dividing the acid-depleted stream into two portions, (4) recycling a portion to the reactor (5) allowing propane to build-up to an amount sufficient to operate as a diluent and (6) recovering product diisopropyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process for the production of diisopropyl ether from high purity propylene without the need of a propane-propylene fractionation column has been developed. The process involves (1) reacting a high purity propylene feedstock and water to produce isopropyl alcohol in a reactor and reacting the isopropyl alcohol with propylene to produce diisopropyl ether in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst and a C4 diluent to generate a reactor effluent stream containing at least water, isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether, propylene, and acid, (2) passing the reactor effluent to an acid removal zone to produce an acid-depleted stream, (3) dividing the acid-depleted stream into two portions, (4) recycling a portion to the reactor (5) purging a portion to prevent propane build-up and (6) recovering product diisopropyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrotreating process that includes providing a vacuum gas oil stream; heating the vacuum gas oil stream; passing the heated vacuum gas oil stream to a hydrotreating reactor; passing the hydrotreated effluent to a hot separator to form a gas stream and a liquid stream; passing the gas stream to a cold separator to form a heavy liquid stream, a light liquid stream and a vapor stream; and passing the vapor stream to an amine scrubber. Aspects of certain embodiments of the present invention also relate to a hydrotreating process in which the hydrotreating reactor is operated at a pressure within the range of approximately 35-50 kg/cm2g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to minimizing benzene, toluene, and an A9/A10 recycle loop in a zero benzene aromatics complex. More specifically, the present invention relates to a minimizing benzene, toluene, and an A9/A10 recycle loop in a zero benzene aromatics complex wherein the aromatic feed has a low methyl to phenyl ratio, and where the aromatic feed has a high methyl to phenyl ratio.

Abstract: Processes for transalkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process includes introducing a feed stream comprising aromatic hydrocarbon compounds to a transalkylation zone. A water source is introduced to the transalkylation zone, the water source being in an amount to provide about 80 to about 120 wppm of water based upon the mass of the feed stream. The feed stream is contacted with a transalkylation catalyst in the transalkylation zone under transalkylation conditions comprising a transalkylation temperature of about 130° C. to about 230° C. in the presence of the water to provide a transalkylation reaction effluent.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst or catalyst precursor has been developed. The catalyst is a transition metal tungstate material, or the decomposition product thereof. The hydroprocessing using the crystalline transition metal molybdotungstate material may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.