Abstract: New/fresh catalyst is added to a dehydrogenation unit and aged catalyst is removed from the dehydrogenation unit on a continuous or semi-continuous basis while the dehydrogenation unit is in operation. The conversion achieved by the higher activity catalyst results in the production rate of olefin product being maintained at near start-of-run production for longer, with a slower rate of decline. The higher activity catalyst extends run time, reduces feed consumption for each unit of olefin product, and minimizes fresh catalyst expenses.

Abstract: Improved processes for production of gasoline with 95 RONC including a C5-C6 isomerization zone, two C7 isomerization zones, and a reforming zone are described. The first and second C7 isomerization zones share a common stabilizer which strips off the chlorides and removes the light ends. The capital and operating costs of the processes are reduced through the elimination of one of the stabilizer columns and the associated condenser, receiver, trim cooler, and reboiler. The processes improve the RONC of the C7 isomerization product because unconverted methylcyclohexane is recycled back to the second C7 isomerization zone to be converted into dimethylcyclopentane.

Abstract: In an FCC apparatus and process structured packing should be located at the very top of the stripping section in an upper region. The lower region below the structural packing may be equipped with fluidization equipment such as stripping media distributors and one or more gratings. This arrangement enables stripping of entrained hydrocarbons off the incoming catalyst immediately upon entry into the stripping section allowing the entrained hydrocarbon to exit the stripping section with minimized residence time to minimize post-riser cracking. Revamp of stripping sections with tall stripping sections should conducted in this way to improve performance and reduce down-time for equipment installation.

Abstract: A process is provided for increasing the recovery of high-purity hydrogen from a steam cracking process in situations where byproduct methane yield is high relative to hydrogen. After a hydrocarbon gas stream is sent through a cold box and demethanizer, a small proportion of methane is sent through a pressure swing adsorption unit separately from a gas stream that contains hydrogen to increase high-purity hydrogen recovery by about 6%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for gas-liquid contacting and gas distribution in a bubble contactor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a gas-liquid distribution device that may be used in an ionic liquid co-current gas and liquid up-flow regenerator designed to distribute gas uniformly across the regenerator cross section through restriction orifices on a distribution plate with liquid upcomers.

Abstract: Multiple downcomer trays having increased active area for vapor-liquid contact and separation are described. The increased active area of the tray is achieved by adding raised bubble promoters surrounded by perforated vertical contactors on the tray deck. The bubble promoters and surrounding vertical contactors are located under the downcomers from the tray above. The bubble promoter and surrounding vertical contactor promote uniform fluid flow and contact.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for removing contaminants from hydrogen streams. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses wherein hydrogen is used in units that utilize catalysts that are sensitive to oxygenates. The contaminants like carbon oxides and water are removed simultaneously from the hydrogen stream to provide a rich hydrogen stream with high purity to units that utilizes catalysts that are sensitive to oxygenates.

Abstract: Methods and systems for manufacturing lubrication oils are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a lubrication oil includes the steps of receiving into an adsorber unit an unconverted oil (UCO) feedstock comprising five and six ring polynuclear aromatic (PNA) compounds and contacting the UCO feedstock with an adsorbent to remove PNA compounds, thereby forming a treated UCO feedstock with a low concentration of five and six ring PNAs.

Abstract: Systems and processes are provided to prevent light ends such as methane, ethylene and ethane from building up in an olefin/paraffin separation system that uses a combination of a membrane and distillation column for this separation. In one embodiment a small stripper column is provided downstream from a selective hydrogenation reactor. In the other embodiment, a surge vessel with a receiver is added to the retentate stream of the membrane unit.

Abstract: The process and apparatus enables purification of a recycle hydrogen gas stream from hydroprocessing biorenewable feedstocks. The recycle gas stream is fed to a methanator reactor to hydrogenate carbon monoxide in the gas stream to water and methane. Other acid gases can be removed by scrubbing preferably upstream of the methanator. Removal of carbon monoxide omits the need for a hydrogen purge stream to avoid carbon monoxide accumulation and enables use of the hydrogen for a downstream hydroisomerization reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control system for a bioreactor. More particularly, this invention relates to a process and apparatus for reading the characteristics of an industrial waste water stream and dosing amount of nutrients that play a key role to help the microorganisms in the bioreactor work efficiently to remove impurities from the industrial wastewater stream.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to processes for methylation of aromatics in an aromatics complex for producing a xylene isomer product. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a process for producing para-xylene by the selective methylation of toluene and/or benzene in an aromatics complex using mild reaction conditions, namely a combination of low temperatures and elevated pressures using a zeolite with lower number of external acid sites.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for methylation of aromatics in an aromatics complex for producing a xylene isomer product. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a process for producing para-xylene by the selective methylation of toluene and/or benzene in an aromatics complex.

Abstract: Processes for controlling at least one process condition of a chemical processing unit with a turbine. In the processes, a flow of a fluid is adjusted with a turbine in order to provide the fluid with a flow associated with at least one process condition of a chemical processing unit. The turbine wheel is rotated within the turbine, and the turbine wheel is configured to transmit rotational movement to an electrical generator. The resistance of the turbine is modulated and adjusts the flow of the fluid through the turbine. A response time of at least one steady state process condition to a new steady state process condition of at least 10% difference is at least one second to reach 50% of the difference between the at least one steady state process condition and the new steady state process condition after modulating the resistance of the turbine.

Abstract: A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

Abstract: A naphtha hydrotreating process involves the use of a sulfur guard bed (SGB) with a controlled bypass which allows for control of the sulfur in the feed to a downstream processing unit. The SGB is installed on the light ends stripper bottoms stream in a naphtha hydrotreating unit.

Abstract: A trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound having a formula: where R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different and each is independently selected from C1 to C8 hydrocarbyl; and X is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, or combinations thereof is described. An ionic liquid catalyst composition incorporating the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound, methods of making the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound, and alkylation processes incorporating the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound are also described.

Abstract: A highly active quaternary mixed transition metal oxide material has been developed. The material may be sulfided to generate metal sulfides which are used as catalyst in a conversion process such as hydroprocessing. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Abstract: Processes for co-processing a naphtha stream with a light cycle oil stream are disclosed. The processes include hydrocracking the light cycle oil stream under hydrocracking conditions to provide a hydrocracked effluent stream. A naphtha stream is hydrotreated under hydrotreating conditions to provide a hydrotreated effluent stream. The hydrocracked effluent stream and the hydrotreated effluent stream may be passed to a stripping column to recover a stripping bottom stream. The stripping bottom stream may be passed to a main fractionation column to recover an intermediate naphtha stream.

Abstract: A process for acid catalyzed alkylation involving the use of surfactants which form bi-continuous micro-emulsions with the liquid acid and the hydrocarbon is described. The bicontinuous phase formed between the hydrocarbon and liquid acid phases at surfactant addition facilitates and improves the liquid acid catalyzed alkylation reactions including motor-fuel alkylation reaction.