Abstract: A fixed magnetic skyrmion in a memory or Boolean logic or non-Boolean computing element is reversibly switched or switchable (1) with only an electric field and without a magnetic field or spin current; and (2) using voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) to reduce the spin current needed to switch the skyrmion. Some embodiments switch between four states: two skyrmion states and two ferromagnetic states. Other embodiments switch between two states which are both skyrmionic, in which case the switching process may use ferromagnetic intermediate states, or both ferromagnetic, in which case the switching process may use skyrmionic intermediate states, or between a Skyrmion and ferromagnetic state. Boolean and non-Boolean logic devices are also provided which are based on these switching methods.

Abstract: Provided are inhibitors of sphingosine kinase Type I that are useful in a number of applications, indications and diseases, as well as for monitoring pharmacokinetics and patient management. These compounds are applicable to treating ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke.

Abstract: A resilient security agent determines a cyber and/or physical health of a control system by, inter alia, communicating cyber-physical key data through cyber-physical control paths of the system, and determining error introduced by the communication. The resilient security agent may be further configured to verify the integrity of acquired cyber-physical state information. The cyber health of the control system may be evaluated by comparing the acquired cyber state information to one or more cyber state profiles. The physical health of the control system may be evaluated by comparing the acquired physical state information to one or more physical state profiles.

Abstract: A motion compensation system includes a plurality of RF transmitters, a plurality of direction of arrival sensors, and a positioning table which together are usable to compensate for intrafraction motion of a patient during a medical procedure. The positioning table may be a secondary table arranged next to or above a primary table such as a radiotherapy couch, allowing for repositioning of part of patient such as the head and neck relative to a remainder of the body. The motion compensation system employs a direction of arrival sensor that includes rotating antenna elements in a configuration that improves the ease and accuracy of signal processing and analysis to identify the position of an RF transmitter affixed to a patient. The repositioning table has six degrees of freedom and is safe for use in imaging and radiation intensive environments.

Abstract: Prodrugs and derivatives of 5-hydoxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) with protected or modified aldehyde and/or alcohol moieties are provided. The prodrugs or derivatives exhibit increased bioavailability, e.g. due to having extended half-lives in circulation. The drugs are therefore administered i) at lower doses and/or ii) less frequently than 5-HMF, while still maintaining the beneficial therapeutic effects of 5-HMF.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods for use in polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis (PCOS). The method involves a sample from a subject for a DENND1A Variant 2 mRNA or DENND1 A Variant 2 protein to make or aid in a diagnosis of PCOS. Also provided are methods for selecting an individual as a candidate for therapy for polycystic ovary syndrome by testing a biological sample from an individual for DENND1 A Variant 2 mRNA or DENND1 A Variant 2 protein and designating the individual as a candidate for the PCOS based on determining DENND1 A Variant 2 mRNA or DENND1 A Variant 2 protein in the sample. Also provided are products for use in aiding diagnosis of PCOS which contain reagents for detecting DENND1 A Variant 2 mRNA or DENND1 A Variant 2 protein, and packaging containing printed material describing use and indications for the product.

Abstract: Genetic constructs comprising reporter genes operably linked to cancer specific or cancer selective promoters (such as the progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3) promoter and astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) promoter) are provided, as are methods for their use in cancer imaging, cancer treatment, and combined imaging and treatment protocols, e.g. for imaging and/or treating spontaneous metastasis. Transgenic animals in which a reporter gene is linked to a cancer specific or cancer selective promoter, and which may be further genetically engineered, bred or selected to have a predisposition to develop cancer, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides new aromatic aldehyde compounds that have greater potency in increasing the affinity of Hb for oxygen, greater potency for preventing sickling, and additional pharmacologic properties that ameliorate other symptoms of SCD. The invention further provides methods for treating SCD by providing a subject having SCD with a compound according to the invention.

Abstract: Provided herein is a device for measuring puff topography generated by a human user of a smoking device and methods for using the same. The device may be used for research on puffing behavior of tobacco product users in both clinical and non-clinical settings.

Abstract: Anaplasma phagocytophilum surface protein AipA and/or fragments thereof which comprise an invasin domain are used in compositions suitable to elicit an immune response to treat or prevent infections caused by tick-born bacteria of the Anaplasmatacaea family. AipA proteins and protein fragments or antibodies directed to AipA proteins and protein fragments are also used in diagnostic assays to detect exposure to and/or infection with Anaplasmatacaea. AipA and/or fragments thereof are also used for these purposes in combination with one or both of Asp14 and OmpA proteins and/or fragments thereof which comprise an invasin domain. Homologs of these proteins are also used in the compositions and assays.

Abstract: A particle electrical mobility classifier is provided for the classification of particles (e.g., particles less than 1 ??? in size) based on their electrical mobility. The particle classification zone is curved. In an exemplary embodiment, two metal concentric cylinders, separated by an annular insulation spacer, establish a particle classification zone. A DC electrical field is supplied by the cylinders in the circular classification zone. An example classifier can be operated in different modes such as: (1) as a particle precipitator; (2) as a particle electrical mobility separator, and (3) as a differential mobility classifier. The curved classification zone results in a particle classifier having an extended particle sizing range as compared to their counterparts in classical configurations. The curve of the classification channel (in the flow direction) may be in any of several configurations (e.g., circular, wavy, spiral, or helical).

Abstract: The sulfated oxysterol 5-cholesten-3?, 25-diol 3-sulphate, a nuclear cholesterol metabolite that decreases lipid biosynthesis and increases cholesterol secretion and degradation, is provided as an agent to lower intracellular and serum cholesterol and/or triglycerides, and to prevent or treat lipid accumulation-associated inflammation and conditions associated with such inflammation. Methods which involve the use of this sulfated oxysterol to treat conditions associated with high cholesterol and/or high triglycerides and/or inflammation (e.g. hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, atherosclerosis, etc.) are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides new aromatic aldehyde compounds that have greater potency in increasing the affinity of Hb for oxygen, greater potency for preventing sickling, and additional pharmacologic properties that ameliorate other symptoms of SCD. The invention further provides methods for treating SCD by providing a subject having SCD with a compound according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention features compositions and methods that are useful for generating human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and methods of using such cells for the treatment of diseases associated with a loss in liver cell number or function.

Abstract: Methods of preventing and/or treating ischemia, organ dysfunction and/or organ failure, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and necrosis and apoptosis associated with organ dysfunction/failure, are provided. For instance, the methods involve contacting organ(s) with an oxygenated cholesterol sulfate (OCS), e.g. 5-cholesten-3,25-diol, 3-sulfate (25H-C3S). The organ(s) may be in vivo (e.g. in a patient that is treated with the OCS) or ex vivo (e.g. an organ that has been harvested from a donor and is to be transplanted).

Abstract: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) may be prevented in a patient, or its occurrence reduced in a population of patients, by using an anti-VAP device or an anti-VAP material such as an anti-VAP mouthpiece that absorbs secretions. By reducing the problem of bacterial-containing secretions that otherwise build up in the airway of, and elsewhere in, the intubated patient, VAP can be prevented from occurring in intubated patients, such as patients intubated with an endotracheal tube (ETT) or a nasogastric tube. Anti-VAP mouthpieces also are useable in non-intubated patients to maintain oral hygiene.

Abstract: A tropism modified cancer terminator virus (Ad.5/3-CTV; Ad.5/3-CTV-M7) has been found to have infectivity that is Coxsackie Adenoviral Receptor (CAR) independent. The Ad.5/3-CTV (Ad.5/3-CTV-M7) may be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents such as agents that augment reactive oxygen (ROS) production, HDAC inhibitors, MCL-1 inhibitors and Bcl-2 inhibitors to treat a variety of cancers particularly including malignant glioma (GBM), renal cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer.

Abstract: Anaplasma phagocytophilum surface proteins Asp14 and OmpA and homologous genes from Anaplasmatacaea family members are used in compositions suitable for vaccines to treat or prevent infections caused by tick-born bacteria of the Anaplasmatacaea family. Asp14 and/or OmpA proteins or peptide fragments may be used in combination with other Anaplasmatacaea surface proteins to elicit an immune response. Furthermore, antibodies to Asp14 and/or OmpA proteins can be used in diagnostic methods to determine whether an individual has contracted an Anaplasmatacaea infection. Because of the conserved invasin domains in the surface proteins, a wide range of Anaplasmatacaea infections may be diagnosed, treated or prevented using compositions of the invention.

Abstract: Methods for a facile, template free and one-step synthesis of nanoporous carbons by using a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound as a single source precursor of both carbon and nitrogen are described. The heterocyclic aromatic organic compound contains nitrogen in pyrrolic and/or pyridinic positions and is chemically activated with NaOH, KOH or ZnCl2 at high temperatures in a solid state mixture as a synthesis protocol to promote fine micropores during carbonization. Nanoporous carbons synthesized by these methods that have superior gas sorption/storage and energy storage properties are also described. The nanoporous carbons are useful as carbon sequestration agents and supercapacitors.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of DENND1A.V2 related disorders, such as PCOS, are provided. In particular, humanized and mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for DENND1A.V2 and methods for using the same are provided.