Abstract: A surgical implant may include a porous structure with interconnected pores for ingrowth of bone into the porous structure. The porous structure has an arrangement of fibres which are attached to one another, the fibres being arranged in stacked layers. The porous structure has a surface including different regions having different porosities. A method of making the above surgical implant is also described.

Abstract: A method for producing a porous carbon electrode includes preparing a slurry by mixing a porous, particulate, conductive carbon powder with a solution of a polymer binding agent for the particulate carbon powder in a solvent for the polymer binding agent, forming a precursor electrode by casting the slurry as a layer and subjecting the cast layer to a wet phase inversion to realize porosity in the cast layer, subjecting the thus obtained precursor electrode to a thermal treatment to cause oxidative stabilization, carbonization, dehydrogenation or cyclisation of the polymer binding agent or a combination of two or more of the afore mentioned phenomena by heating the precursor electrode and converting the polymer binding agent into a conductive binding agent binding the particles of the conductive carbon powder together.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with integrated thermal storage, for example, having a new tertiary side utilising phase change material in between and in thermal contact with the primary and secondary circuits, e.g. of a plate heat exchanger. The tertiary side helps reduce e.g. leak flows in district heating applications, or reduce energy losses in periods of low flow through the heat exchanger. By including thermal energy storage in a heat exchanger or reactor, response times of the systems are reduced as well as internal energy losses, and external energy storage units are reduced in number or are potentially rendered obsolete.

Abstract: A method for producing products, advantageously solvents, is by fermentation, advantageously multi-stage fermentation. The fermentation is complemented with pervaporation as in situ product recovery technology, combined with a multistage condensation of the permeate. The condensates are separately introduced in the downstream processing to recover the produced products, advantageously solvents. The method for producing products, advantageously solvents, by fermentation is simplified and has an overall improved energy efficiency. A related system uses method for producing products, advantageously solvents, is by fermentation.

Abstract: A modular management system for balancing, testing and protecting rechargeable energy storage cells connected in series. Different energy storage cell technologies can be connected in the same battery pack and they can be completely balanced by using one or both of two balancing modes. In addition, the modular management system includes bidirectional and unidirectional switches optionally connected to a single ohmic device such as a resistor to efficiently execute a Dual Function Process (DFP) (i.e., passive/active balancing, and testing mode for SoH/SoC estimation) preferably without using any extra or external components (i.e., capacitor or inductor or DC/DC converter or power supply). The systems and methods decrease the balancing time, energy loss, heat loss and complexity needed to monitor, protect and balance energy storage cell systems such as battery systems, and thus decreasing the overall cost.

Abstract: A system or a method to at least partially steer systems, e.g. heating and/or cooling and clusters of systems, when the controller of the system is unknown or when the transfer function of the system is unknown. The steering of the energy flow, e.g. heating/cooling/electrical energy, includes providing energy to the system or the cluster of systems and preferably to manage common constraints, like capacity problems.

Abstract: A method for producing a chiral amine may include performing a transamination reaction of a prochiral amino acceptor and an amino donor in a first solution in the presence of a transaminase, thereby forming a chiral amine and a co-product in the first solution. The amino donor is a high molecular weight (HMW) amino donor. In some examples, the molecular weight of the HMW amino donor is at least 150 g/mol. In some examples, the amino donor is affixed on a support, the total molecular weight of the amino donor and the support being at least 150 g/mol.

Abstract: Reconfiguration of a rechargeable energy storage system into two or more new capacitor or battery or fuel cell packs arranged in “connections”, e.g. series or parallel strings. Each pack of rechargeable energy storage devices includes rechargeable energy storage modules. In each rechargeable energy storage module, which can include one or more capacitors or fuel cells or battery cells, there is arranged a network of banks of switches. A first bank of switches is arranged to connect a rechargeable energy storage module in a first series connection string with other rechargeable energy storage modules. A second bank of switches is arranged to connect a rechargeable energy storage module in a second connection string with other rechargeable energy storage modules. A first bypass switch is arranged to exclude a rechargeable energy storage module from the first series connection string when the first bypass switch is activated.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with integrated thermal storage, for example, having a new tertiary side utilising phase change material in between and in thermal contact with the primary and secondary circuits, e.g. of a plate heat exchanger. The tertiary side helps reduce e.g. leak flows in district heating applications, or reduce energy losses in periods of low flow through the heat exchanger. By including thermal energy storage in a heat exchanger or reactor, response times of the systems are reduced as well as internal energy losses, and external energy storage units are reduced in number or are potentially rendered obsolete.

Abstract: The invention relates to biomarkers for typing or classifying allograft recipients as belonging to a transplant rejection group associated with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The invention also provides for the treatment of typed allograft recipients suffering from antibody-mediated rejection by administration of an appropriate therapeutic agent.

Abstract: A method of recovering an organic acid from an aqueous solution may include extracting the organic acid dissolved in the aqueous solution into a water immiscible extraction phase. The water immiscible extraction phase has an extractant for the organic acid. The method may also include separating the extraction phase from the aqueous solution, adding an alcohol to the extraction phase separated from the aqueous solution, and forming an ester from the organic acid and the alcohol.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring individual cell voltages of an energy storage system. The measured cell voltages can be reported back to a central controller. Based on parameters such as the overall health of the system, this controller can be adapted to decide which cells to balance, in which direction and optionally for how long. Balancing can be performed by cell monitoring and balancing units which can be implemented in hardware, i.e. as one or more circuits. The decision information from the controller can be reported to the cell monitoring and balancing units as a command. The cell monitoring and balancing means can execute the command, for example irrespective of the voltage or SoC of the cell connected to it.

Abstract: A device for measuring the state of a phase change material inside a vessel, the device includes at least one optical fiber arranged inside the vessel, the optical fiber including a cladding around a core, a light source emitting light coupled into a first end of the at least one optical fiber at a wavelength ?, optical measuring devices for measuring the amount of light at the output at a second end of the at least one optical fiber. The at least one optical fiber also includes a plurality of sections with the cladding removed so that at these sections the core is in direct contact with the phase change material inside the vessel and where the refractive index at the wavelength ? of the core is higher than that of the phase change material in a first phase and lower in a second phase.

Abstract: A membrane based separation method is for the separation or enrichment of one or more unsaturated compounds from mixtures of chemically similar organic compounds having a different degree of unsaturation, using a membrane, such as an inorganic membrane, functionalized with a metal, such as silver. An inorganic membrane, preferably modified or grafted with an organic functional group, is further functionalized with a metal, such as silver, for use in the membrane based separation methods.

Abstract: A membrane based process separates amines or organic acids from a solution containing at least one amine or at least one organic acid according to their hydrophobic properties. The more hydrophobic amine or organic acid passes the hydrophobic membrane into an acidic aqueous solution, thus selectively removing the amine or organic acid from the first solution. The process is particularly suitable to obtain chiral amines in high yield. A transaminase-catalyzed transamination of an amino donor and amino acceptor is combined with a hydrophobic membrane separation of the produced chiral amine. The selective removal of the chiral amine from the reaction mixture promotes the further transformation of the amino acceptor into the product chiral amine.

Abstract: A device for the through-flow of a fluid may include a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A porous structure with interconnected pores is arranged between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, and the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet define an overall flow direction. The porous structure is coupled to a wall to provide for heat conduction between the porous structure and the wall. The porous structure has a porosity gradient along a first direction, which is cross to the overall flow direction. The porosity gradient develops along the first direction between a first porosity at a first location proximal to the wall and a second porosity larger than the first porosity at a second location remote from the wall. The difference between the second porosity and the first porosity may be at least 4%.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a compound may include adding a substrate to a medium in a reactor, and reacting the substrate in the reactor to form the compound. A first stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a first membrane. A second stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a second membrane. The first membrane is a filtration membrane and the second membrane is configured for liquid-gas or liquid-liquid extraction The first membrane and the second membrane are at least partially immersed in the medium and are moved relative to the reactor during the separation steps.

Abstract: A method relates to epigenetic markers and their diagnostic and predictive value for respiratory allergy. The method can include assaying a test sample from the patient for a DNA hypermethylation or hypomethylation of at least GLI2 region, in which hypermethylation or hypomethylation of the gene region in the test sample indicates or predicts a respiratory allergy in the patient.

Abstract: A method for taking partially overlapping images of a ground surface from a camera arranged in an aircraft or a spacecraft, the method including: while the aircraft or the spacecraft is moving, acquiring images at different instants in time, separated by time intervals; detecting, during the moving, position information representative of a position and orientation information representative of an orientation of the aircraft of the spacecraft; using the position information, the orientation information, and the camera's viewing angle to determine maximal values of time intervals for which images with a predetermined amount of spatial overlap can be obtained; and adjusting the intervals towards the maximal values so as to minimize the number of the acquired images while maintaining the predetermined amount of spatial overlap.

Abstract: A method is for the simultaneous identification of one or more chemical compounds contained in a sample, from an analytical measurement of a pool of two or more of the samples. A measured intensity of a first and second signal is representative of an abundance of respectively the first and second chemical compound in the first sample, and a measured intensity of a third and fourth second signal is representative of an abundance of respectively a third and fourth chemical compound in the second sample. The first and third, and the second and fourth compound may be the same or different. The signal intensities are organized in a matrix aij of m columns and n rows, in which n is ?2 and corresponds to the number of chemical compounds in the pool, and m?2 and corresponds to the number of samples in the pool.