Abstract: An arrangement for the gasification of fuels with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases and steam, includes a shaft-like vessel for receiving solid charging stock. A gas discharge duct is provided on the upper end of the vessel and a primary gas chamber is in connection with the shaft-like vessel on its lower end via a passage. In the primary gas chamber a burner is provided, which includes feedings for oxygen or oxygen-containing gases as well as for fuels. A trough for receiving slag is arranged below. the primary gas chamber and a supporting bottoms is provided between the trough and the shaft-like vessel, reaching into the primary gas chamber, for the formation of a dumping material bed of the solid charging stock facing the burner by one dumping surface. In order to be able to gasify low-quality fuels into a high-quality product gas, the primary gas chamber includes a charging opening for charging a charging stock to be gasified.

Abstract: Process including use of an arrangement for the gasification of fuels with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases and steam, includes a shaft-like vessel for receiving solid charging stock. A gas discharge duct is provided on the upper end of the vessel and a primary gas chamber is in connection with the shaft-like vessel on its lower end via a passage. In the primary gas chamber a burner is provided, which includes feedings for oxygen or oxygen-containing gases as well as for fuels. A trough for receiving slag is arranged below the primary gas chamber and a supporting bottoms is provided between the trough and the shaft-like vessel, reaching into the primary gas chamber, for the formation of a dumping material bed of the solid charging stock facing the burner by one dumping surface. In order to be able to gasify low-quality fuels into a high-quality product gas, the primary gas chamber includes a charging opening for charging a charging stock to be gasified.

Abstract: An internal lining for cylindrical ball mills has riffles approximately extending in circumferential direction and webs located between the riffles and further has elevations and/or depressions arranged transversely to the circumferential direction. This allows fine grinding between the balls and the riffles. The balls are lifted to a higher level by the elevations and/or the depressions and the balls are better agitated within the heap of balls effecting coarse grinding.

Abstract: A process for producing cement clinker, having a preheating-, calcination and cooling zone, under addition of a secondary fuel, (retardedly)combustible components such as waste materials and/or conventional fuels being added in the zone between kiln inlet and calcination zone and then being subjected to an incomplete combustion and/or pyrolysis under addition of exhaust gases from the burning process.The gases thus formed are introduced into the calcination zone as secondary combustion gas together with the exhaust gas from the burning process and are burned there with tertiary air and optionally with conventional secondary fuel.The plant required for performing the process consists of a system of heat exchangers (2), a calcining kiln (3a), a burnin kiln (10) and a clinker cooler (13).The calcining kiln (3a) is provided with a means (4) for introducing tertiary air and/or oxygen preferably preheated (m) in the clinker cooler (13) and optionally with a means (15) for introducing a conventional fuel.

Abstract: A process for producing pig iron is described involving the use of a reduction shaft furnace 1 and a melt-down gasifier 2. The sponge iron produced from iron ore in the reduction shaft furnace is fed into the melt-down gasifier and converted into a pig iron melt. The gas produced in the melt-down gasifier is passed as reducing gas into the reduction shaft furnace both via a cyclone separator 11 and a line 12 and directly via a line 13. The top gas leaving the reduction shaft furnace, after passing through a scrubber 4, is largely returned via a CO.sub.2 scrubber 6, in which CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O are removed from the gas, in such a way that it can be used for forming the reducing gas in the melt-down gasifier and also as a cooling gas for the reducing gas produced in said gasifier.

Abstract: There is described a mill for the production of steel from liquid and solid charging substances. It includes a coking plant, a blast furnace plant, a converter steelworks, and a plant for the direct reduction of iron ore. The converter steelworks is charged with molten pig iron from the blast furnace and with scrap as well as with sponge iron from the direct reduction plant. The reduction gas is composed of converter offgas, top gas and blast furnace gas. In order to avoid coal deposits in the direct reduction plant and to improve the composition of the reduction gas, the coke oven gas component is subjected to fractionation by alternating pressure adsorption so as to increase its portion of hydrogen and to lower its portion of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The openpit mining device includes a cantilever arm which is swivellable around a horizontal axis and carries a support or tool carriage. The support or tool carriage is shiftably supported in a transverse relation to the longitudinal axis of the cantilever arm and has tools rotatably supported on it. For this purpose, the head of the cantilever arm carries a rod-type guide and the tool carriage or support carries a rod-type guide. The guide rods are mutually interconnected with interposition of an intermediate carrier. The shifting drive is provided by hydraulic cylinder-piston-aggregates which are arranged between the intermediate carrier and the head and between the intermediate carrier and the support.

Abstract: The circuit board plasma etching apparatus includes a preheating chamber, a plasma reaction chamber and a cooling chamber for etching circuit boards with plasma in a quasi continuous operation. The plasma reaction chamber is sealed by a gas-tight preheating sealing slide adjacent the preheating chamber and by a gas-tight cooling sealing slide adjacent the cooling chamber. A preheating door selectively closes the preheating entry end and a cooling door selectively closes the cooling chamber exit end. Boards to be etched are placed in printed circuit board cages supported by a guide rail within the chambers. The guide rail is separable into a preheating segment, a reaction chamber segment and a cooling segment contained within the respective chambers. A preheating chamber bellows allows axial movement of the preheating door, as does a cooling chamber bellows for the cooling chamber door. Axial displacement of the doors allows selective segmentation of the guide rail.

Abstract: Then invention relates to a cutting machine having cutting heads or drums which are supported to be freely rotating on a pivoting cutting arm, with a loading ramp or conveyor which extends in the direction to the work face to receive and transport the cut material, the loading ramp or conveyor being supported on the machine frame to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the cutting machine. The pivot axis of the cutting arm, which axis extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the machine, is provided to be adjustable relative to the machine frame in the longitudinal direction of the machine. The adjusting movement of the horizontal pivot axis of the cutting arm is coupled to that of the loading ramp or conveyor.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a hot product gas, the latter is passed through a tubular zone. The product gas contains particles which, on entering the tubular zone, are tacky, but lose their tackiness through cooling in said zone. Within said zone a cooling gas flow forms a gas wall, which prevents contact between the product gas or the tacky particles contained therein, and one of the fixed walls in the tubular zone. Thus within an outlet connection (2) forming the tubular zone is provided an anular insert (3), which forms a gap (4) with the outlet connection. A cooling gas is blown into this gap counter to the flow direction of the product gas. At the end of the insert, this cooling gas is deflected by the product gas and flows within the insert in the same direction as the product gas and protects the inner wall of the insert from the latter.

Abstract: In operating a mill including a blast furnace and a steel converter, it is difficult to mutually adapt the operations of the blast furnace and of the converter in a flexible way. When using scrap as a coolant in the refining process, undesired accompanying elements are introduced into the metal melt.The invention consists in that, instead of a blast furnace, a direct reduction plant in combination with a meltdown gasifier are provided as the pig iron source. This aggregate is operated in combination with a single steel converter. The direct reduction plant, on its discharge side, is connected both with the meltdown gasifier and with the steel converter via sponge iron transporting devices. The meltdown gasifier communicates with the steel converter via a transport line for molten pig iron. As the solid charge in the refining process sponge iron is exclusively used.

Abstract: An electric furnace includes a furnace vessel covered by a furnace lid liftable and lowerable by a lid lifting mechanism and pivotable from a position above the furnace vessel into a position lateral of the furnace vessel and back by a lid pivoting mechanism. A lid supporting framework is pivotably mounted lateral of the furnace vessel and includes at least one lid bracket extending over the furnace vessel for lifting, lowering and pivoting the furnace lid. In order to be able to pivot the lid bracket without furnace lid and without necessitating manipulations to be carried out at the furnace lid for the purpose of exchanging the lid or the lid core, the lid bracket is detachably connected to the furnace lid by at least one coupling means, with a coupling piece of the coupling means being arranged on the lid bracket and a coupling counter piece of the coupling means being arranged on the furnace lid.

Abstract: A rail switch control mechanism including a locking clamp which is shiftable using a path rod. The locking clamp has, on an end facing the switch tonque, a swivel head. The swivel head is swivelably connected with a switch tongue. In use, the locking clamp cooperates with a locking piece. In the locked position of the clamp, a shoulder of the locking clamp contacts a shoulder of the locking piece. The switch tongue rail is linked to the swivel head with the interposition of a pin arranged with an elongated slot extending longitudinally of the tongue rail. The elongated slot is arranged within a connecting member which is rigidly connected to the switch tongue rail, e.g. by being threadedly connected, to the web of the switch tongue rail.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing cooling gas for a producer gas produced in a melt-down gasifier and surplus gas usable in an appropriate manner by cooling and cleaning at least part of the producer gas and the top gas of an iron ore reduction unit are proposed. The cooling gas is exclusively obtained by preparing producer gas. There is a cooling and a cleaning unit for the surplus gas and the cooling gas in each case. A constant gas flow is passed through the rear portion of the cooling and cleaning unit for the cooling gas with the aid of a constant volume blower. That part of the producer gas supplied to the cooling and cleaning unit for the cooling gas which exceeds this constant gas flow is passed into the cooling and cleaning unit for the surplus gas. The cooling and cleaning units can be constructed in two-stage manner, namely with in each case one packing washer (3 or 6) and a following adjustable Venturi washer (5 or 8).

Abstract: In a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, a valve needle and a valve needle spring are provided, in which the valve needle can be opened against the force of the valve needle spring (6). In the valve needle spring chamber (8) a displacer piston (7) is arranged so as to overlap the valve needle spring (6), which piston clears a displacing volume after a pre-injection so that the pre-injection is separated from the main injection.

Abstract: An electric furnace includes a furnace vessel arranged on a furnace platform and covered by a furnace lid liftable and lowerable by a lid lifting mechanism and pivotable from a position above the furnace vessel into a position lateral of the furnace vessel, and back, by a lid pivoting mechanism. A lid supporting framework pivotably mounted lateral of the furnace vessel and including at least one lid bracket is provided for lifting, lowering and pivoting the furnace lid. In order that the high-current cables are only slightly twisted when pivoting the furnace lid, despite the pivot axis for the furnace lid being arranged as close to the furnace vessel as possible, the lid supporting framework is pivotably connected with the furnace platform by an oscillating crank hinged to it.

Abstract: In order to ensure that flue gases will not escape from an enclosure (1) which contains a metallurgical vessel (2) as charging boxes (10) are moved into and out of the enclosure, the charging crane (14) is disposed inside the enclosure (1) and the enclosure contains at least one lock chamber (11), which is adapted to contain a charging box (10) in a stand-by position and which adjoins a charging opening (9) that is formed in a side wall (5) of the enclosure. A top wall of the lock chamber is formed with an opening (12), which is adapted to be closed and through which a charging box can be moved between the lock chamber and the main part of the interior of the enclosure.

Abstract: When operating mills including a coling plant, a blast furnace arrangement and a converter steelworks, large amounts of partially high-grade so-called cupola gases, such as coke oven gas and converter exhaust gases, form, which cupola gases, so far. In order to render these cupola gases utilizable at a better efficiency, thus reducing the specific energy consumption per ton of crude steel produced, and in order to be less dependent on external scrap, a plant for directly reducing iron ore is additionally adjoined to the mill. The ducts for the exhaust gas from the converters and the coke oven gas ducts from the coking plant are connected to a reformer to produce reducing gas substantially containing CO and H. The reformer is connected with the direct reduction plant via a reducing gas duct.

Abstract: The movable consolidating trestle (2) has driven caterpillars (1). The consolidating trestle comprises a cap (3) being supported on the frame (11) via props (5). The cap (3) has at least one front-side section which is bent, rounded or bendable in direction to the frame. A bent section (8) includes with the plane of the cap (3) an angle (.alpha.) which is greater than the maximum angle (.beta.) of inclination with which the cap can be obliquely adjusted relative to the frame (11). When giving the cap (3) an inclined position, there results a horizontal component of the load-exerting force (14), said horizontal component facilitating saving of the consolidating trestle.