Abstract: A probe for extracting a hot gas sample comprises an inner tube for conducting the hot gas sample and a cooling jacket surrounding the inner tube. A heating element surrounds the inner tube and the heated inner tube is shielded from the cooling jacket by an interposed heat insulation.

Abstract: In an apparatus for separating dust from gases, the gases are caused to flow in a rotating stream (3) within a substantially tubular and/or conical housing (1). A guiding body (9) extends in axial direction of the housing (1). Gas supply is effected via a supply slot (2) and the discharge opening (10) for pure gas is formed of a gap surrounding the guiding body (9), in particular by a tube (13) surrounding the guiding body (9) with formation of a gap. The dust discharge openings are designed as annular slots (7) located adjacent the inner wall (6) of the housing (1). A dust collecting bunker (5) is connected to the bottom of the housing.

Abstract: In an enzymatic saccharification process, a sugar solution of constant sugar content is obtained by adding to the starch-containing raw materials, prior to the enzymatic saccharification step, part of the sugar solution obtained after the saccharification step and being separated from solid material and having been brought to a higher concentration, so that a higher sugar content, in particular within the range from 15 to 22% by weight and preferably approximately 20% by weight, can constantly be maintained, independent of the concentration and quality of the raw materials.

Abstract: The invention refers to a movable trestle of approximately rectangular horizontal projection and serving the purpose of supporting the roof in underground cavities in particular serving the purpose of securing the excavation edge when recovering pillars in coal mining, comprising a cap (2) supported against a base frame (1) by hydraulically extensible props extending approximately in vertical direction to stratification. The lower portion of the trestle is, preferably at all sides, covered by a stationary shielding means against the ingress of rubble into its interior and horizontal protective plates (3) overlapping one another in a scale-like manner and being guided on sliding plates (8) for relative shifting movement in height direction are provided within the area of the expandable portion of the trestle. The protective plates (3) are arranged on the rear side (12) of the trestle and on the both sides (10, 11) adjoining the rear side of the trestle.

Abstract: The invention refers to a trestle (1) being displaceable on caterpillars (2) and having an approximately rectangular cross section and serving the purpose of supporting the roof in underground cavities, in particular serving the purpose of securing the excavating edge when recovering pillars (19) in coal mining, the trestle comprising a cap (4) being supported against a base frame (3) by hydraulically expandable props (5) extending approximately vertically relative to stratification. The trestle (1) has, related to the travelling direction of its floor chassis (2), at its both sides supporting plates being adjustable in outward direction and/or horizontal driveable caterpillar chassis being adjustable in outward direction. The supporting plates (22, 23) and/or the lateral caterpillar chassis (20, 21) are adjusted against the frame of the trestle by means of hydraulic or pneumatic pistons and cylinders and are adjustable in outward direction.

Abstract: The device for closing the charging opening of an autoclave (1) has a cover (2) which can be lowered into the interior of the autoclave by means of a drive means supported at the outer side of the autoclave (1). The charging opening overlaps with its annular rim (7) the sealing surface (17) of the cover (2).

Abstract: The caterpillar chassis of a mining machine or loading machine has rocker arms 7, 9 being swivellably linked on a caterpillar carrier 2 and having rotatably supported thereon running rollers 8. At least one bearing bracket 5 for the swivel axis 6 of the rocker arms 7 is detachably connected with the caterpillar carrier 2 (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A flushing arrangement for a metallurgical vessel having a metal outer shell, a bottom lined with a permanent lining, on which adjacently arranged refractory bricks are applied as working lining, and pipes inserted in recesses of the bricks at predetermined sites and having flat cross sections, through which flush gas flows. In order to provide a flushing means that is simple to produce and install and offers a great safety with regard to a melt breakthrough, a rigid supply pipe for flush gas is led through the metal outer shell, reaching into the permanent lining. To its end lying in the permanent lining, at least two, yet at most four, distributing pipes are welded. They diverge from the end of the supply pipe and pass over into straight pipe sections arranged in recesses of the bricks of the working lining. The distributing pipes that are connected to one supply pipe each enclose one brick.

Abstract: In a method of flaw classification on and in welds of planar or arcuate plate-shaped workpieces of uniform thickness by means of ultrasonics, the expected flaw areas of the workpiece are pre-examined manually and are then examined systematically using the ultrasound echo image method in separate cross-sectional planes. A B-scan is thus generated, and changing the position of the transducer on the workpiece and/or the transmitting direction enables defects to be located by calculating the delay time of ultrasound waves in the go-and-return directions within the workpiece under consideration of possible reflections at the rear side (8) of the workpiece. For defining the test conditions, part-specific parameters are considered, such as weld type and weld shape (e.g., double-V-weld and bell seam), weld geometry (e.g. seam angle), and part characteristics (e.g.

Abstract: The apparatus for removing liquid films floating on liquids, in particular oil films floating on water, has a plurality of rotatably supported plates (3) which are driven for rotation around an axis (2) and which are immersed into the liquid level. The oil entrained by the surface of the plates (3) on emersion from the liquid level is stripped by means of strippers (4) and supplied to a collecting launder (5).

Abstract: For the purpose of increasing the efficiency during drying of brown coals having a high water content and for the purpose of facilitating the purification of process waste water resulting in a drying process according to Fleissner it is proposed to spray hot water onto the raw coal and to separate the proportion in fine grain having a maximum grain size of 5 mm, preferably of 1 mm. In the following, the proportion in fine grain is subjected to an adsorption stage (5), noting that after a reaction time of at least 1 min, preferably of 2 to 5 min, a major portion of the soluble substances burdening the waste water becomes adsorbed on this fine grain. Subsequently, the waste water is further purified after a flocculating step in a flocculating reactor (6) and after a separating step (8) for separating solid matter, for which purpose can be used sand filters (10), adsorbing resins and activated carbon.

Abstract: A plant for the production of steel from scrap and optionally fluxes includes a shaft furnace section having a bottom to receive a liquid sump of premelt and heating means laterally entering into the lower part of its interior. A hearth type furnace section is integrally connected with the shaft furnace section, into which the premelt is transferable from the shaft furnace section.

Abstract: In the smelting process of recovering metal from non-ferrous metal oxide ores or concentrates and/or from fine-grained non-ferrous metal sulfide ores or concentrates, particularly from non-ferrous heavy metal sulfide ores or concentrates, any sulfide ores are initially oxidized. The ores or concentrates are then supplied to a fluidized bed of coal in a melting gasifier (1). A certain particle size is maintained. Sulfide ores are supplied to a melting burner (2), which directs a flame jet into the fluidized bed of coal (FIG. 1).

Abstract: Apparatus for continously producing ethanol from fermentable sugar solutions comprises horizontal, tubular mixing and separating vessel having internal rotating plates inclined relative to the horizontal axis of rotation. The yeast charged to the vessel is extracted from the vessel and is subjected to a multi-stage fermentation within horizontal fermentation vessels. Within the fermentation vessels there are again arranged inclined rotating plates. The ethanol is separated in a gaseous phase, the pressure being reduced stepwise in succeeding fermentation vessels tubes.

Abstract: The device for intermittently subjecting axially shiftable bits of a cutting head to the action of pressurized fluids comprises bit holders in which the bits are supported for a limited movement in axial direction. The bits are subjected to the action of a percussion piston which is intermittently supplied with pressurized fluid. A distributor 6 is provided for intermittently supplying pressure and includes a bushing-shaped distributing slide valve 18. The distributing slide valve 18 is provided in its mantle surface with radial perforations 22 which can be brought in alignment with passages 7 of a cutting head 3. There is provided an interpositioned gearing comprising a sun wheel 13, intermediate gear wheels 11 bearingly supported on a carrier 10 fixed for not being rotatable and a hollow gear wheel 15 non-rotatably connected with the cutting head 3.

Abstract: The apparatus for continuously separating liquid phases of different density consists of a separating basin (1) within which are arranged partition walls (5) for being lifted and lowered and for being moved one in direction to the other or for being swivelled. Swivelling of the partition walls (5) is effected about an eccentrically arranged axis (7) such that during the swivelling movement the partition walls (5) are simultaneously lifted or lowered. The partition walls (5) can be driven by push rods (8) and thus be swivelled in the contrary sense. When swivelling the partition walls (5) in one direction, the liquid level is lifted in the chamber defined between the partition walls and is lowered in the adjacent chamber, noting that the portion having the lower specific gravity flows over the upper edge, assuming a lower level, of the one partition wall in one direction (11) and that the proportion having the higher specific gravity flows in direction of the arrow (12), i.e.

Abstract: The caterpillar chassis (1) for heavy vehicles, such as bucket-wheel excavators or wheeled loaders, has four caterpillars (2, 9) being arranged such that they spread out a supporting triangle (4). The front caterpillars (9), which are located at a smaller distance from the longitudinal axis (3) of the chassis, are designed for being dirigible. The swivel axis (11) of the traversing gear supported on the supporting triangle (4) is displaced out of the position (10) of the center of gravity of the supporting triangle (4) in direction to the front end (8) of the supporting triangle along the height line (7), so that the load acting on the caterpillars (2 and 9) is made more uniform.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the direct reduction of iron-oxide-containing materials by a gasification gas produced in a gasifier by reacting carbon with oxygen and, if desired, with steam, upon the addition of sulfur acceptors in a fluidized bed. The gasification gas is supplied to a direct reduction shaft furnace after separation of solid particles carried therewith. At least part of the top gas withdrawn from the direct reduction shaft furnace is compressed after dust scrubbing and is recycled to the gasifier. The sulfur acceptors are supplied as fine particles separated from the coal in cocurrent with, and/or counterflow to, the fluidized-bed forming gases. The top gas from the reduction shaft furnace, which has a concentration of from 15 to 30% CO.sub.2 and a temperature of from 80.degree. to 800.degree. C., is recycled laterally through the wall of the gasifier into the region of the fluidized bed, which is maintained at a temperature of at least 1,150.degree. C.

Abstract: A process and an arrangement for the production of steel from sponge iron. In order to be able to process sponge iron with high contents of acid gangue and a phosphorus content of more than 3% in an economic and operationally safe manner, the following measures are taken:melting the sponge iron charge, if desired, together with scrap, in an acid-lined electric furnace,tapping the steel melt slag-free into a basic-lined ladle by introducing a particulate dephosphorizing agent into the casting jet,removing the phosphorus-containing slag formed from the ladle and subsequently introducing the ladle into a ladle heating stand, in which additional dephosphorizing agent is blown into the melt together with oxygen or oxygen-containing gas, which treatment, if necessary, is repeated after extraction of the formed slag, with the ladle content optionally being heated to adjust the desired dephosphorization temperature of about 1,550.degree. to 1,600.degree. C.

Abstract: For the purpose of connecting frogs consisting of austenitic manganese steel casting with rails consisting of carbon steel there is proposed an aluminothermic process in which the carbon content of the aluminothermic welded connection is limited with 0.2 percent by weight. In this case, the procedure is preferably such that the composition of the melt corresponds, as related to the Schaffler-diagram, to a Ni-equivalent of 13 to 35 percent and to a Cr-equivalent of 8 to 25 percent, noting that for a carbon content of .ltoreq.0.15 percent and preferably .ltoreq.0.1 percent, the equivalent value for Ni is 1x%Ni+30x%C+0.5%Mn and the equivalent value for Cr is 1x%Cr+1x%Mo+1.5x%Si.