Abstract: A device for the chemical analysis of solid or molten material samples, based on laser-induced emission spectroscopy, including a laser source generating a laser beam, a deflection device deflecting the laser beam, a focusing device focusing the laser beam, a device that guides the reflections of a plasma ignited by the laser beam on the material sample to an evaluation device. To arrange the laser source and the evaluation device remotely from the material sample, an arm having at least one movable joint and a cavity for the laser beam is provided between the laser source and the material sample for guiding the laser beam. The deflection device is shaped as a mirror or a prism and is provided at the articulation of the arm, whereby the laser source and the evaluation device are arranged to be independent of the material sample in terms of their movements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating a hydrocarbonaceous waste material, in particular a rolling scale slurry and/or grinding slurry, the waste material being heated in a dryer, preferably moving, by the indirect supply of heat, and in the process hydrocarbons, if appropriate together with other volatile components, in particular H2O, being removed. In this process, in the dryer, at low temperature, the hydrocarbons are broken down in a specific way, the hydrocarbons being broken down by chemical and/or radiation means, which effect decomposition of the hydrocarbons of low volatility into highly volatile hydrocarbons, preferably decomposing high molecular weight hydrocarbons into lower molecular weight hydrocarbons, and the hydrocarbons, if appropriate together with the other volatile components in particular together with the H2O, are at least partially discharged, in particular by suction, from the vessel. The invention also relates to a apparatus for treating a hydrocarbonaceous waste material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for producing a rolled metal strip from a molten metal by producing a cast metal strip in a strip casting device and then rolling the undivided metal strip in a roll stand to the final thickness of the strip. For controlling the course of the strip, strip guiding devices are provided upstream of the roll stand. In order to provide a stable insertion of the metal strip into the roll stand at the input side of the roll stand or at the site of rolling in accordance with the strip dimensions, the strip guidance interferes or is carried out at a distance of 1.0 to 10.0 times the strip width, preferably at a distance of 1.5 to 5.0 times the strip width, upstream of the roll stand.

Abstract: In a process for the gas reduction of particulate oxide-containing ores, in particular iron-oxide-containing material, in the fluidized-bed process at a pressure of <5 bars, wherein the ore by aid of a reducing gas produced from coal is heated, optionally also pre-reduced, in a fluidized-bed reactor (1) designed as a pre-heating stage (5), subsequently is reduced to sponge iron in at least one fluidized-bed reactor (2, 3) designed as a reduction stage (7, 8), the reducing gas via a reducing-gas feed duct (12) or reducing-gas duct (13) being conducted from the reduction stage (7, 8) to the pre-heating stage (5) in the opposite direction of the material to be reduced and conducted from stage to stage, and being drawn off as an export gas after purification, heat is supplied to the reducing gas fed to the reduction stage (7, 8) and/or pre-heating stage (5), namely by combustion, together with oxygen and/or air, of a portion of the reducing gas provided for the gas reduction in the reduction stage (7, 8) and/o

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to an installation for producing a metal strip. The aim of the invention is to make sure that the metal strip formed in the casting installation passes through the first cooling and grain texturing phase substantially without being subjected to stress and without effects on the subsequent installations. To this end, the molten bath is fed to a two-roll casting device and a cast metal strip is formed in the casting gap between two casting rolls whose rotational axes lie in a horizontal plane (two-roll casting method), the thickness of the cast strip ranging between 1.0 to 20 mm, preferably between 1.5 to 12 mm. The cast metal strip that freely emerges downwards from the two-roll casting installation is directly deflected from the vertical casting direction to a substantially horizontal transport direction. The metal strip is taken up and conveyed in a controlled manner by means of a first drive roll stand that operates at a first transport speed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products in a blast furnace, CO2 being substantially removed from at least a partial stream of a top gas emerging from a reduction shaft furnace (1), and this partial stream if appropriate being heated and being introduced into the blast furnace as reduction gas, and to a plant for carrying out this process, the top gas being introduced into the lower region of the blast-furnace shaft. This measure results in an improved energy balance and improved process management compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A process for producing a continuous-casting plant for producing these products and a submerged nozzle therefor and a continuously cast primary product, in particular broad slabs, having a thickness of the primary product D>100 mm and a width of the primary product B=2700 mm to 3500 mm at a casting rate vc<2 m/min in a continuous-casting plant.

Abstract: In a process for reducing iron-ore-containing particulate material in at least a two-stage process, reducing gas is conducted through at least two reaction zones consecutively arranged in series and formed by a moving particulate material and the particulate material passes through the reaction zones in reverse order to the reducing gas, with the particulate material being heated in the reaction zone arranged first for the particulate material and being reduced in the further reaction zone.

Abstract: In a method for the continuous casting of a thin metal strip according to the two-roll method, metal melt is cast into a casting gap formed by two casting rolls of the thickness of the metal strip to be cast, under formation of a melting bath.

Abstract: A method is for feeding a gas into a metallurgical vessel having a condensable and/or evaporable component entrained by the gas. The gas is fed to the metallurgical vessel via one or more gas supply means. According to the method, if there are a number of the gas supply means, in a first section, the gas velocity is continuously increased, in a turbulence zone, the gas is intimately mixed with the condensable and/or evaporable component, in an exit section, the gas velocity is kept substantially constant, and the gas which has been intimately mixed with the entrained component is blown into the metallurgical vessel. A gas supply device for carrying out the method is also disclosed. The method and apparatus according t the invention make it possible to prevent or reduce nozzle damage.

Abstract: A casting wheel for the continuous casting of strips of metal has a core and sleeve of heat-conductive material which is shrunk on the core, and circumferential cooling ducts arranged between the core and the sleeve, which are connected with coolant supply line and coolant discharge line. The coolant is guided from the radially extending supply line into cooling ducts and from cooling ducts into the radially extending discharge line by means of a guiding element that can be inserted in cooling ducts.

Abstract: Method for the casting of metallic products on a continuous-casting plant comprising a tundish coated on the inside with a refractory material, characterized in that metal plates are fastened to the surface of the said refractory material prior to the filling of the said tundish with the liquid metal to be cast.

Abstract: A description is given of a method of optimizing the design and operation of a reduction process for iron-containing charge materials (3), preferably in lump form, in a reduction shaft (1) to which reduction gas (9) is fed, for example from a fusion gasifier (6), with a reduced product (13), for example iron sponge, being taken from the reduction shaft (1) for the production of liquid pig iron or liquid primary steel products, in which method the reduction process is described by means of a mathematical-physical-chemical process model, the reduction shaft (1) is modelled multi-dimensionally, in particular three-dimensionally, and the process model is numerically evaluated and the results of the evaluation, obtained as multi-dimensional, in particular spatial, distributions of physical or chemical variables, are taken into account for the reduction process. This allows the reduction process to be quantitatively assessed in the entire reduction shaft and, as a result, the reduction process can be optimized.

Abstract: In a continuous casting plant for the continuous casting of a thin strip (14), comprising a mold (8) provided with two casting rolls (6, 7), with a strip-like strand (14) being united from two half-shells (12) and exiting in a vertically downward direction at the nip (13) formed by the casting rolls (6, 7) of said mold, a deflecting-supporting means (16) for deflecting the strand (14) emerging vertically from the mold (8) into a roughly horizontal direction is provided below the nip (13). In order to gently transfer the strand (14) from the vertical into the horizontal while avoiding great bending stresses or plastic deformations, the deflecting-supporting means (16) of plate-shaped construction has a surface supporting the strand (14) over a large area (FIG. 1).

Abstract: In a process for producing a metal melt by reducing metal-oxide-containing material in a fluidized-bed reactor by the fluidized-bed method and by subsequently melting down the reduced material in a melt-down gasifier, in the melt-down gasifier there is generated from carbon-containing material a reducing gas which is used for reducing the metal-oxide containing material by the fluidized-bed method. Both the reducing and the melting-down are effected under atmospheric excess pressure. For the purposes of transferring the reduced material from the fluidized-bed reactor into the melt-down gasifier in a simple manner, a lower pressure is set in an intermediate vessel situated above the melt-down gasifier than in fluidized-bed reactor, and the reduced material is allowed to flow, under relaxation, upwards from the fluidized-bed reactor into the intermediate vessel and conducted from the intermediate vessel via a sluice system into the melt-down gasifier while being pressurized.

Abstract: In a casting roll for a thin strip casting plant, comprising an essentially cylindrical core (1), a mantle (2) of copper or a copper alloy optionally being provided with at least one outside layer (5), an internal cooling system (4) as well as an adjusting means (8, 17, 20) for adjusting the outline of the casting roll in its front-end regions (7), the adjusting means for the purpose of levelling out thermally caused crowns with the aid of constructively simple means has in each front-end region of the casting roll a supporting disk (17) adjustable in the longitudinal direction of the casting roll and engaging a ring (8) radially surrounding the supporting disk (17) and abutting the mantle (2) from the inside in its front-end regions, which ring is fixedly attached with regard to the core (1) in the longitudinal direction of the casting roll (Fig.).

Abstract: A continuous casting mold for continuous casting of a steel billet. Opposite spaced apart wide side walls and opposite spaced apart narrow side walls between the wide side walls and clampable at the wide side walls and also displacable along the wide side walls transversely to the casting direction, the narrow side walls being narrow wedged-shaped in the casting direction. A funnel-shaped pouring-in region defined in the wide side walls. The wide side walls converge in the casting direction. The distance between the wide side walls at the mold end is constant over the entire width of the side walls allowing at least one of the wide side walls is supported to be displaceable and tiltable with respect to the other wide side wall by an adjusting device.

Abstract: A process for continuously casting a thin metal strip controls has jets directed at casting rollers using sensor feedback. Sensor feedback can be taken directly from the rollers, or can be determined indirectly by sensing a condition of the thin metal strip. Surface conditions are controlled over a longitudinal extent of the rollers through locally controlled gas jets. The feedback control of the roller surfaces provides a more uniform casting surface and a more consistent output from the casting surface.

Abstract: In a process for the direct reduction of particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization, a synthesis gas is introduced as a reducing gas into several fluidized bed zones consecutively arranged in series. The reducing gas is conducted from one fluidized bed zone to another fluidized bed zone in counterflow to a flow of particulate iron-oxide containing material through the fluidized bed zones. In order to reduce operating costs and, in particular, the energy demand, various process parameters are varied according to the temperature of the iron-oxide-containing material in the first fluidized bed zone being adjusted to be below 400° C. (and, preferably, below 350° C.), above 580° C. (and preferably about 650° C.), or to a temperature within the range of from 400° C. to 580° C. If the temperature of the iron-oxide-containing material in the first fluidized bed zone is maintained to be below 400° C.

Abstract: A process for the production of austenitic stainless steel strips having as case a good weldability, comprising the operations of: solidification in a mold of a continuous casting apparatus with twin counterrotatng rolls, a strip having a thickness comprised between 1 to 5 mm and having the following composition in percent by weight: Cr 17-20; Ni 6-11; c<0.04; n<0.04; s<0.01; Mn<1.5; Si<1.0; Mo 0-3; Al<0.03; and possibly, Ti, Nb, Ta so that: Ti+0.5(Nb+Ta)>6C-3S with proviso that Ti>6S, or NB+Ta>1C with the proviso that TI<6S; being in any case Nb+Ti+Ta<1.0; the remaining part being substantially Fe with a &dgr;-ferrite volume percentage comprised between 4 and 10% calculated with the formula: &dgr;-ferrite=(Creq/Nieq−0.728)×500/3 wherein: Creq/Nieq=[Cr+Mo+1.5Si+)0.5Nb+0.25Ta+2.5(Al+Ti)+18]/[Ni+30(C+N)+0.