Abstract: Process and apparatus for producing liquid pig iron or primary steel products from iron-containing material in lump form in a fusion gasifier (1), in which, with lump coal and oxygen-containing gas being fed in, and with simultaneous formation of a reduction gas, the iron-containing material is fused, lump coal being fed to the fusion gasifier (1) from above and, together with the iron-containing material, forming a fixed bed (6) in the fusion gasifier (1) and thereby giving off its fraction of volatile hydrocarbons into the dome space (11) located above the fixed bed (6), and pulverized-fuel burners (15) being directed obliquely from above towards the surface of the fixed bed (6). The operation of the pulverized-fuel burners (15) is in this case controlled in such a way that the combustion of the carbon fraction of the carbon carriers in fine particle form takes place in a proportion of at least 40% to form CO2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a metal melt in a metallurgical vessel, in particular an iron or steel melt, feed substances which contain metals and/or metal oxides, being charged in solid and, if appropriate, molten form into the metallurgical vessel, the main part of the energy necessary for the melting and, if appropriate, finish-reduction of the feed substances being applied electrically and/or by the combustion and/or gasification of carbon-containing materials. The invention relates, further, to multi-functional lances for use in a method according to the invention.

Abstract: A refractory plate member (8) for the side containment in continuous casting machines of the type with two counterrotating rollers (1, 2), including two or more overlapped ceramic and/or refractory layers is provided, the plate member (8) is characterized in that the first layer (9, 91) of said plate member (8) is made of a material that is easily wearable under the action of said rolls (1, 2) during the starting step, and in that the second layer (10, 101) underlying the first layer is made of a ceramic and/or refractory and/or carbon material having a very high wear and thermal shock resistance and self-lubricating properties.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method of treating wash water resulting from the scrubbing of process gases in smelting plants, according to which method the wash water is brought into intimate contact with the process gas and is circulated when the solids have been deposited. The method according to the invention draws off a partial flow from the wash water, mixes it with fresh water and uses it for rewashing the process gas. According to the invention, the wash water necessary for the scrubbers is drawn from a wash water container. In the sedimentation tank the insoluble portions are removed from the substance-charged wash water which is then introduced into the wash water container. The wash water required for the rewashing stage is removed from the wash water container and mixed with fresh water via the fresh water pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shaft furnace, in particular a direct-reduction shaft furnace, with a charge composed of particulate material, in particular a particulate material containing iron oxide and/or sponge iron, the said material being capable of being fed into the shaft furnace from above, and with, arranged in one plane, a multiplicity of gas-inlet orifices for a reduction gas in the region of the lower third of the shaft furnace, the shaft contour having a diametral widening and a cavity being formed between the gas-inlet orifices and the charge. The shaft furnace according to the invention makes it possible to supply gas to the shaft furnace so as to be distributed uniformly over its circumference.

Abstract: To be able to produce metal melts using any metal carriers incurring in metallurgical practice as the charging materials, namely in the most diverse quantitative compositions, a plant for producing metal melts is provided with the following characteristic features: an electric arc furnace vessel (1) provided with one charging opening (11, 21) for a metal melt and/or scrap and/or direct reduced metal, in particular direct reduced iron, and/or ore and at least one electrode (16) and one slag tapping means (22), an oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) provided with one melt tapping means (41), wherein the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) and the electric arc furnace vessel (1) form a unit which is connected via an overflow weir (34) and which is rigidly mounted on the foundation and, wherein the bath surface related specifically to the bath volume is smaller in the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) than in the electric arc furnace vessel (1) and the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) shares a common re

Abstract: In a steelmaking process in which, in order to desulfurize iron melts (4) using a strongly basic slag in a desulfurization vessel (7), the desulfurization slag (8) is brought to a temperature of from 1400-1800° C.

Abstract: A process for the production of low carbon steel strips having a good combination of strength an formability, as cast, and a good weldability after the pickling by usual processes, comprising the following steps: casting, in a twin rolls continuous casting machine (1) comprising pinch rolls (3), a strip with a thickness comprised between 1 and 8 mm, having the following composition as weight percentage of the total weight: C 0.02-0.10; Mn 0.1-0.6; Si 0.02-0.35; Al 0.01-0.05; S<0.015; P<0.02; Cr 0.05-0.35; Ni 0.05-0.3; N 0.003-0.012; and, optionally, Ti<0.03; V<0.10; Nb<0.035, the remaining part being substantially Fe; cooling the strip in the area comprised between the casting-rolls and the pinch rolls (3); hot deforming the strip cast through said pinch rolls (3) at a temperature comprised between 1000 and 1300° C. until reaching a thickness reduction less than 15%, in order to encourage the closing of the shrinkage porosites; cooling the strip at a speed comprised between 5 and 80° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for closing a tap hole of a metallurgical vessel, in particular a converter, for the purpose of separating a molten metal and slag, having a slag stopper 1, which is situated outside the vessel, which provides an actuable closure element 8 that can be inserted into a tap hole, leaving an annular gap relative to the wall of the tap hole, and which provides a number of lines, in particular a pressurized-gas line 10 intended for the supply of the closure element, the slag stopper 1 comprising a connecting frame 2, which carries and fixes the parts of the slag stopper, this connecting frame, for its part, being secured releasably at a connecting point 11 on the metallurgical vessel 12. This allows a significant reduction in the time required for servicing or changing the slag stopper.

Abstract: A two-stage fluidized bed reducing apparatus and a reducing method for fine iron ore of a wide particle size distribution with an increased degree of utilization of the reducing gas. Fine iron particles dropping through the holes of a gas distributor can be recycled into the fluidized bed furnace, thereby preventing an impediment of the reducing gas flow due to abnormal defluidizing or channeling. A first fluidized bed furnace dries, pre-heats and pre-reduces the fine iron ore, and a second fluidized bed furnace finally reduces the pre-reduced iron ore. Downstream of the respective fluidized beds are installed intermediate hoppers and gas/solid sealing valves. Thus, the fine iron ore particles which drop through the holes of gas distributors during the abnormal operation are recycled to the furnaces. Accordingly, the gas flow is not impeded.

Abstract: Plant for charging metal carriers which contain a portion of fines and are at least partially reduced to a melter gasifier in which a melt-down gasifying zone formed by a bed is maintained, the metal carriers and carbon carriers are fed into the melter gasifier above the level of the melt-down gasifying zone. The metal carriers descend to the melt-down gasifying zone and travel through the same forming a metal melt and producing a reducing gas by coal gasification.

Abstract: A combustion chamber in a melter gasifier extends into a fluidized bed to isolate fine particulate ore introduced into the chamber from the remaining internal portion of the melter gasifier. The fine particulate ore is melted in the chamber and falls on the bed to be reduced as it trickles down to the molten metal in the melter gasifler bottom. Reducing gases withdrawn from the melter gasifier are filtered through the bed, thereby preventing the fine particulate ore from being withdrawn with the gases. The chamber can be liquid cooled and use a burner to provide combustion temperatures.

Abstract: In order, in a guide roller for continuous-casting plants, which is formed by a plurality of aligned roller portions, to avoid the creeping movements of the guide roller in the axial direction and thermally induced distortions in it, it is proposed that a roller portion adjacent on both sides of roller portions either be provided at its two ends with roller journals carrying support bearings, and these roller journals engage into recesses of the adjacent roller portions, or be provided at its two ends with recesses, and roller journals, having support bearings, of the adjacent roller portions engage into these recesses.

Abstract: In a process for melting down sponge metal (11) in an electric-arc furnace (1) having at least one electrode (6), the sponge metal (11) is introduced into the electric-arc furnace (1) under formation of at least one sponge metal jet (15) which in the immediate vicinity of an electrode (6) hits the bath level (16) present in the electric-arc furnace (1), and for decarburization and/or intermixing the bath and/or charging energy oxygen is blown into the melt (7).

Abstract: In a method for producing liquid pig iron (9) or steel pre-products from fine-particulate iron-containing material (4) in a melter gasifier (1), the iron-containing material (4) is melted in a bed of solid carbon carriers (2) under supply of carbon-containing material (2) and oxygen-containing gas, at the simultaneous formation of a reducing gas, wherein the fine-particulate reduced material (4) and oxygen are introduced into the bed (20, 21) from the side.

Abstract: There is described a method of controlling a long-stroke, hydraulic operating cylinder (1), in particular a screw-down cylinder for an edging stand, where the piston (4), to which a load can be applied at both ends, and which can be locked hydraulically along its stroke (s) in various working positions, is abruptly loaded with an external force after it has been locked. To create advantageous method conditions, it is proposed that the piston (4) be locked under a hydraulic pressure chosen in dependence on the respective working position, which hydraulic pressure decreases along the stroke (s) against the direction of action of the external force.

Abstract: In a method of preventing contact of oxygen with a metal melt, metal melt flows into a casting chamber bounded by walls (1, 2, 13) and leaves this chamber as a stream. In order to completely prevent contact of oxygen with a metal melt and thus reoxidation, oxygen attempting to enter via any gaps (18) between the walls (1, 2, 13) and/or adhering to the walls (1, 2) is reacted to form a compound which is not injurious to the metal melt (20).

Abstract: In a process for the direct reduction of particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization, a synthesis as is introduced as a reducing gas into several fluidized bed zones consecutively arranged in series for the reducing gas and the reducing as is conducted from one fluidized bed zone to another fluidized bed zone in counterflow to the particulate iron-oxide containing material.

Abstract: In a device for vertically displacing a lower roll of a pair of rolls, running on bearings in a roll stand (1), for adjusting the upper side of the lower roll to the rolling line, the rolls run on bearings in chocks and optionally can be supported by supporting rolls likewise running on bearings in chocks. Said device comprises actuators (12) having supporting surfaces (15) and having mating supporting surfaces (16) arranged at different height levels in the direction of displacement, which selectively may be brought into and out of contact with the supporting surfaces (15), which actuators (12) are built in between the chocks of the lower roll and/or the chocks (8) of the lower supporting roll and the roll stand (1).

Abstract: Process to monitor and control the quality of rolled products from hot-rolled processes which produce products such as sheets, rods, etc., from input stock such as slabs, billets, etc. The process estimates in advance the expected material properties of the end product at each step of the hot-rolling production process. The process further provides that conditions, such as temperature, reduction depth, etc., are detected on-line throughout the entire rolling process and from the values obtained, via interrelated physical—metallurgical and/or statistical models describing the whole rolling process, the mechanical/technical material properties to be expected, particularly the yield point, the tensile strength and the breaking elongation point of the rolled product, are calculated. On-line detection of the actual and momentary production conditions is necessary to allow the material properties to always be estimated in advance.