Abstract: A method and apparatus for gasifying raw material. The method includes feeding the raw material into an upper part of a fixed-bed gasifier, introducing the raw material from the upper part of the gasifier to a pyrolysis zone of the gasifier to form the fixed-bed and pyrolyzing the raw material in the presence of pyrolysis air to form a pyrolysis product. Introducing the pyrolysis product from the pyrolysis zone to a lower part of the gasifier, introducing primary air countercurrently to the lower part, carrying out a final gasification in a lower part of the gasifier in order to form a gasified gas. Introducing the gasified gas to a catalytic oxidation part and through a catalyst layer of the catalytic oxidation part, and reforming the gasified gas by way of the catalytic oxidation in the presence of reforming air in the catalytic oxidation part, forming a gaseous product.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a eukaryotic host selected from microorganisms, and a method for producing glycolic acid using said eukaryotic host cells, especially cells of a genetically modified fungal host. Further this invention relates to a glycolic acid product obtained using the method described here and the use of genetically modified microorganism cells in production of glycolic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polypeptides, or fragments of polypeptides, genes encoding them and means for producing said polypeptides. In detail the invention relates to polypeptides having esterase, suberinase and/or cutinase activity at low pH. This invention relates also to compositions containing the polypeptides and methods of using the polypeptides.

Abstract: An optical multi-mode HIC (high index contrast) waveguide (102, 104, 201, 301) for transporting electromagnetic radiation in the optical waveband, the waveguide comprising a guiding core portion (204) with higher refractive index, and cladding portion (206) with substantially lower refractive index configured to at least partially surround the light guiding core in the transverse direction to facilitate confining the propagating radiation within the core, the waveguide being configured to support multiple optical modes of the propagating radiation, wherein the waveguide incorporates a bent waveguide section (202) having bend curvature that is configured to at least gradually, preferably substantially continuously, increase towards a maximum curvature of said section from a section end.

Abstract: A device and a method for optical measurement of a target, wherein the target is irradiated with radiation beam (15) and a measurement beam (27) is received from the target and detected. Commonly used absorbance, reflectance and fluorescence measurements do not provide adequate information in e.g. measuring small contents of sulphur compounds. The present solution provides a new Raman spectrometer which is suitable for mass applications. A target is activated with pulses of a laser diode (12). The Raman signatures are measured and integrated successively with a point detector (44). A Fabry-Perot interferometer (42) on the measurement path is successively controlled into corresponding pass bands. While high spectral resolution or range is not required it is possible to use small-sized and low cost components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous roll-to-roll process for improving the water tolerance of bio-based polymers, in particular cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) films. Furthermore, the invention provides a method, which combines surface modification/functionalization for improving water stability and wet strength, UV/Ozone treatment, corona treatment or plasma activation for purifying and activating the surface and thus increasing the reaction efficiency, and further hydrophobization of the surface of CNF film.

Abstract: A mobile device (104, 204) comprising communications interface (324) for transferring data, a digital camera (328) for obtaining a camera view (102) of the surroundings of the mobile device at a location, a display (330) for visualizing data such as the camera view (102), and an augmented reality (AR) entity (332) configured to transmit, via the communications interface, an indication of the location of the mobile device to an external entity, obtain, by applying data transfer from said external entity via the communications interface, a representation determined on the basis of a number of 3D models (202) of one or more virtual elements (102e, 206a) deemed as visually observable from the location of the mobile device, said representation forming at least a part of at least an approximation of spherical projection (108, 208, 210) of said 3D models, wherein the associated spherical surface is configured to surround the location of the mobile device, and produce an AR view (102d) for visualization on the displa

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for genetically modifying a filamentous fungus host for improved protein production. The method comprises that a filamentous fungus host is genetically modified to overexpress or to be deficient of specific genes. The invention relates also to the modified hosts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for improved production or for producing an improved composition of proteins, such as cellulases, hemicellulases, other proteins involved in the degradation of lignocellulosic material, or other proteins, in a filamentous fungus host.

Abstract: An integrable electrochemical capacitor and methods for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The electrochemical capacitor comprises a first electrode comprising a first rigid piece having a first porous portion, a second electrode comprising a second rigid piece having a second porous portion, and an electrolyte in contact with the first porous portion and the second porous portion. The structure allows the electrochemical capacitor to be manufactured without a separator film between the electrodes and is compatible with semiconductor manufacturing technologies. The electrochemical capacitor can also be manufactured within a SOI layer 8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a large numerical aperture phase-shifting dual pinhole diffraction interferometer and its test method, the diffraction interferometer comprises: reference light passage, test light passage and pinhole substrate; wherein, said pinhole substrate comprises test pinhole and reference pinhole; the diffracted wavefront emitted from the test pinhole would be reflected by the optical component to be tested near the pinhole substrate and converge near the reference pinhole, and said diffracted wavefront comprising surface shape information of optical component to be tested, would be reflected by the pinhole substrate and interference with the diffracted wavefront emitted by reference pinhole, forming interference fringes.

Abstract: A method for detecting atmospheric icing potential comprises emitting, by a Doppler lidar (light detection and ranging) entity, electromagnetic radiation to the atmosphere and receiving radiation backscattered from the aerosol, such as a cloud, present in the atmosphere. From the received backscattered radiation, an indication of the icing potential at a number of distances, on the basis of the comparison and an indication of the temperature at the one or more distances, is determined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an image of a target using radiation and a diffraction grating and apparatus for x-ray imaging. The method comprises directing a beam of radiation to the target to produce a modified beam through interaction with the target, directing the modified beam to an diffraction grating to produce an interference pattern, detecting the interference pattern using a detector, and forming an image of the target using the interference pattern measured. According to the invention, the diffraction grating is modified n the plane of the grating during the imaging so that at least two interference patterns are detected using the detector different configurations of the diffraction grating. Further, the image of the target using the at least two interference patterns measured. The invention provides a simple configuration, less radiation exposure and/or better image quality then conventional imaging methods.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for oxidizing lignin at alkaline conditions. This oxidized lignin can be used as a dispersant in various end-products, for example as a renewable plasticizer in cement-containing products, such as concrete, where the ability of the oxidized lignin to endure alkaline conditions is an advantage. Further, the invention concerns a concrete mixture containing aggregate, cement, water and a plasticizer formed of oxidized lignin, and a process for producing such a concrete mixture. The oxidized lignin can be manufactured using a process, where the lignin starting material is reacted with an oxidizing agent in solution in alkaline conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparation a glycolide polyester by ring opening polymerization characterized in that glycolide monomer with optional co-monomer(s) of cyclic ester(s) is/are subjected to ring opening polymerization in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer and a catalyst, said catalyst being selected for precipitating glycolide homopolymer or copolymer from solvent, said solvent being selected so that the glycolide monomer and the optional co-monomer(s), the dispersion stabilizer and the catalyst are soluble therein but said glycolide homopolymer or copolymer is non-soluble. The present invention further relates to an in situ ring opening polymerizing process product, and to use of said glycolide polyester, and to further processing of said glycolide polyester.

Abstract: Ink is manufactured by mixing unoxidized metallic particles to a binder. The ink is printed on an object and hardened for forming a conductor. The process is performed in an inert atmosphere or in vacuum for maintaining the electrical conductivity of the conductor.

Abstract: The present invention describes a new distributed decision making scheme for adaptive signal detection. The innovation describes an adaptive system and method for allocating signal detection resources that are used to find out the status of channel use (occupied/unoccupied). The system includes selection of suitable spectrum sensing methods and decision combining techniques as well as the associated parameters to meet the requirements set for the system in the specific operational environment. The result is that the system has good performance, simple implementation and is applicable to versatile time-variant situations.

Abstract: This document describes graphene-containing platelets and methods of exfoliating graphene from a surface. The method comprises facilitating exfoliation by treatment with proteins. In an embodiment, the proteins adhere to the surface of graphene and then the produced platelets may contain a graphene layer and a protein layer on the surface of the graphene layer. Electronic devices containing such platelets are also described.

Abstract: A multilayered structure suitable as an electrode in a power source and a method of producing the same. The structure comprises a conductive laminar layer; and an enzyme layer containing an essentially dry enzyme capable of oxidizing or dehydrogenating carbohydrate material under suitable conditions. Because the enzymatic anode layer and the fuel containing layer are not interacting during the production and since they are kept latent during storage time, the power source will remain stable for extended periods of time, thus increasing the utility of the power source.

Abstract: The invention refers to fungal cells, and especially to oleaginous fungal cells that have been genetically modified to produce enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass route to enhance their lipid production. Especially the cells are modified to overexpress genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD) and/or acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), optionally together with a gene encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DAT), or to express genes encoding PDC together with ALD and/or ACS. Methods of producing lipids, biofuels and lubricants using the modified fungi are also disclosed as well as expression cassettes useful therein. A new enzyme having phosholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) activity and a polynucleotide encoding it are also disclosed, which are useful in the lipid production. A recombinant Cryptococcus cell and its construction is described.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of removing encapsulating material from encapsulated particles deposited onto a substrate. According to the method, a substrate is used which is capable of facilitating said removal of encapsulating material. The particles may be nanoparticles. In particular, the substrate-facilitated removal may result in sintering of the particles. The invention provides a novel way of functionalizing electronic structures using particulate matter and for conveniently producing e.g. printed electronics devices.