Abstract: Provided is a method for producing xylonic acid from xylose with a recombinant fungal strain that is genetically modified to express a xylose dehydrogenase gene, which is able to convert xylose to xylonolactone, which is spontaneously or enzymatically hydrolyzed to xylonic acid. The xylonic acid is excreted outside the host cell. Xylonate production may be coupled with xylitol production. Alternatively, if xylitol production is not desired, its production is reduced by removing the aldose reductase (or specific xylose reductase) enzyme, which converts xylose to xylitol. Expression of a heterologous lactonase encoding gene may result in higher acid concentrations. The method is suitable for producing xylonic acid from a hemicellulose hydrolysate such as hydrolyzed lignocellulosic plant biomass.

Abstract: In a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter based on laterally acoustically coupled resonators on piezoelectric thin films, one can utilize two distinct acoustic plate wave modes of different nature, for example the thickness extensional (longitudinal) TE1 and the second harmonic thickness shear (TS2) mode to form a bandpass response. The invention is based on the excitation of at least two lateral standing wave resonances belonging to different plate wave modes that facilitate the transmission of signal. The passband is designed by tailoring the wave propagation characteristics in the device such that the resonances are excited at suitable frequencies to form a passband of a desired shape. The bandwidth of the filter described herein may therefore be more than twice that of the existing state-of-the-art microacoustic filters. Consequently, it has significant commercial and technological value.

Abstract: A portable electronic navigational aid (104) e.g. for the blind (102), comprising a radio frequency, preferably millimeter wave, radar (218) with at least one transmitting (TX) channel and a plurality of receiving (RX) channels, at least one orientation sensor (220) configured to obtain data indicative of the orientation of the radar, and a processing element (210) configured to adaptively control (500, 602) the beamforming of the radar based on the data provided by the orientation sensor. A corresponding method is presented. An accessory, such as a replaceable cover, containing a radio frequency radar for attaching to an electronic host device is presented.

Abstract: A method for producing a mirror plate for a Fabry-Perot interferometer includes providing a base slab, which includes a substrate coated with a reflective multilayer coating, forming one or more intermediate layers on the base slab such that the lowermost intermediate layer substantially consists of silica, and such that the multilayer coating is at least partially covered by the lowermost intermediate layer, forming one or more capacitive sensor electrodes by depositing conductive material on top of the intermediate layers, and removing material of the lowermost intermediate layer by etching in order to form an exposed aperture portion of the multilayer coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and a method for optical measurement of a target, wherein the target is illuminated, either actively illuminated, reflecting ambient light, or self illuminating, and a measurement radiation beam received from the target or through it is detected. The measurement system has optical fibers for guiding radiation from/to target positions. Radiation of several target positions is simultaneously filtered by a Fabry-Perot interferometer and detected by a row detector, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for ranging a radio frequency tag, comprising measuring the modulated backscattering response of the tag at a plurality of frequencies using reader and determining the dispersive properties of the tag from the amplitude of the measured backscattering response. Further, the method comprises determining a position parameter of the tag from the measured modulated backscattering response and the determined dispersive properties of the tag.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing terpenes in fungi, wherein a terpene biosynthetic gene cluster having terpene biosynthetic genes and regulatory regions operably linked to said genes is activated. The invention relates also to a terpene biosynthetic gene duster and regulatory regions of such terpene biosynthetic gene cluster usable is production of terpenes, use of regulator for regulating the terpene production and use of Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 for producing terpenes. The method of invention provides higher yields of enriched terpene product without essential amount of side-products.

Abstract: Controllable Fabry-Perot interferometers include two mirrors with a space between them. The mirrors are such that at least one layer is made of silicon-rich silicon nitride. Additionally, the mirrors' surfaces are formed to be of a roughness which reduces the risk of the mirrors sticking to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a semiconductor single-photon avalanche detector, and a counter. The detector performs detections of photons of optical radiation caused by an optical excitation pulse to the object. The counter measures timing of each detection made in the detector with respect to the excitation pulse causing the detected photons, and performs at least one of the following: forming a number of Raman detections, forming a number of fluorescence detections. Forming the number of the Raman detections is performed by eliminating an estimate of a number of fluorescence photons in the measurement. Forming the number of the fluorescence detections is performed by eliminating an estimate of a number of Raman photons in the measurement. The estimates are formed in a predetermined manner from the number and timing of the detections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laterally coupled bulk acoustic wave (LBAW) filter comprising a vibration layer for carrying bulk acoustic waves, electrode means comprising a first electrode coupled to the vibration layer for exciting to the vibration layer at least one longitudinal wave mode having a first frequency band and one shear wave mode having a second frequency band, and a second electrode coupled to the vibration layer for sensing the filter pass signal, the first and second electrodes being laterally arranged with respect to each other, and an acoustic reflector structure in acoustic connection with the vibration layer. According to the invention, the reflector structure is adapted to acoustically isolate the vibration layer from its surroundings at the first frequency band more efficiently than at the second frequency band for suppressing the effect of the shear wave mode at the second frequency band from the filter pass signal. The invention helps to improve the quality of LBAW filter passbands.

Abstract: This document describes a method for measuring temperature. In accordance with the invention the temperature is determined from frequency variation of a local oscillator of a RFID tag (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to an omnidirectional lens, an optical measuring device, and a method for optical measurement. The lens comprises a central portion, collecting optically in a first direction, and an edge portion, which surrounds the central portion, and which is arranged to guide the light arriving at the edge portion omnidirectionally relative to the said first direction essentially transversely relative to the said first direction. According to the invention, the edge portion is arranged to guide the light through the central portion. With the aid of the invention, it is possible to create, for example, a simpler laser radar.

Abstract: In a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter based on laterally acoustically coupled resonators on piezoelectric thin films, one can utilize two distinct acoustic plate wave modes of different nature, for example the thickness extensional (longitudinal) TE1 and the second harmonic thickness shear (TS2) mode to form a bandpass response. The invention is based on the excitation of at least two lateral standing wave resonances belonging to different plate wave modes that facilitate the transmission of signal. The passband is designed by tailoring the wave propagation characteristics in the device such that the resonances are excited at suitable frequencies to form a passband of a desired shape. The bandwidth of the filter described herein may therefore be more than twice that of the existing state-of-the-art microacoustic filters. Consequently, it has significant commercial and technological value.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the conversion of biomaterials into structural carbon products, particularly utilizing a hydrothermal treatment step that is carried out on a high molar mass organic starting material having a carbon content of >40 wt % of the dry matter. The invention also concerns a structural carbon product obtained using such a process, which has well-defined physico-chemical properties, e.g. in terms of surface area, carbon content, density, size and shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of producing an oxide coating, wherein an oxide or oxide composite composition is manufactured, then heated and, finally, sprayed onto a substrate by a thermal spraying process into a completely amorphous coating. The invention also relates to such a completely amorphous coating and to a substrate equipped with such a coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna construction for an RFID chip for long ranges, which comprises a substrate, an antenna of conducting material supported by the substrate, and coupling means for coupling the antenna to a circuit. In accordance with the invention the antenna is a magnetic dipole, and the coupling means are formed by extensions of the antenna conductor.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for improving the expression levels of proteins, wherein hydrophobin fusion proteins are expressed, thereby inducing the formation of protein bodies, and wherein said hydrophobin fusions are co-expressed with a target protein or with a further fusion of the target protein.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna construction for an RFID chip for long ranges, which comprises a substrate, an antenna of conducting material supported by the substrate, and coupling means for coupling the antenna to a circuit. In accordance with the invention the antenna is a magnetic dipole, and the coupling means are formed by extensions of the antenna conductor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a temperature compensated micromechanical resonator and method of manufacturing thereof. The resonator comprises a resonator element comprising a semiconductor crystal structure, which is doped so as to reduce its temperature coefficient of frequency, transducer means for exciting to the resonator element a vibrational mode. According to the invention the crystal orientation and shape of the resonator element are chosen to allow for a shear mode having a saddle point to be excited to the resonator element, and said transducer means are adapted to excite said shear mode to the resonator element. Accurate micromechanical resonators with now temperature drift can be achieved by means of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a pyrolysis product, in which raw material are fed to the pyrolysis reactor and gaseous pyrolysis product fractions and by-product fractions are formed from raw material by pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor. According to the invention the method comprising steps: combusting at least one by-product fraction from the pyrolysis reactor in at least two combustors, and recovering energy formed in the combustor.