Abstract: The invention comprises methods for diagnosing the risk of onset of type 1 diabetes and for preventing the onset of type 1 diabetes. The genetic background, metabolomes, antibodies and diversity of gut microbiota of an individual can be used for diagnosis.

Abstract: The invention refers to fungal cells, and especially to oleaginous fungal cells that have been genetically modified to produce enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass route to enhance their lipid production. Especially the cells are modified to over-express genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD) and/or acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), optionally together with a gene encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DAT), or to express genes encoding PDC together with ALD and/or ACS. Methods of producing lipids, biofuels and lubricants using the modified fungi are also disclosed as well as expression cassettes useful therein. A new enzyme having phosholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT)activity it and a polynucleotide encoding it are also disclosed, which are useful in the lipid production. A recombinant Cryptococcus cell and its construction is described.

Abstract: Antenna miniaturization is a big engineering challenge because of the fundamental limitations that restrict antenna performance. In the present invention a new dielectric cap loading technique for improving small antenna element performance exploiting the space capacitance is introduced. The cap loading technique can be easily realized e.g. by 3D dielectric blocks, such as ceramic blocks.

Abstract: A mobile device (104, 204) comprising communications interface (324) for transferring data, a digital camera (328) for obtaining a camera view (102) of the surroundings of the mobile device at a location, a display (330) for visualizing data such as the camera view (102), and an augmented reality (AR) entity (332) configured to transmit, via the communications interface, an indication of the location of the mobile device to an external entity, obtain, by applying data transfer from said external entity via the communications interface, a representation determined on the basis of a number of 3D models (202) of one or more virtual elements (102e, 206a) deemed as visually observable from the location of the mobile device, said representation forming at least a part of at least an approximation of spherical projection (108, 208, 210) of said 3D models, wherein the associated spherical surface is configured to surround the location of the mobile device, and produce an AR view (102d) for visualization on the displa

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for genetically modifying a filamentous fungus host for improved protein production. The method comprises that a filamentous fungus host is genetically modified to overexpress or to be deficient of specific genes. The invention relates also to the modified hosts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for improved production or for producing an improved composition of proteins, such as cellulases, hemicellulases, other proteins involved in the degradation of lignocellulosic material, or other proteins, in a filamentous fungus host.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for genetically modifying a filamentous fungus host for improved protein production. The method comprises that a filamentous fungus host is genetically modified to overexpress or to be deficient of specific genes. The invention relates also to the modified hosts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for improved production or for producing an improved composition of proteins, such as cellulases, hemicellulases, other proteins involved in the degradation of lignocellulosic material, or other proteins, in a filamentous fungus host.

Abstract: The present invention describes a new distributed decision making scheme for adaptive signal detection. The innovation describes an adaptive system and method for allocating signal detection resources that are used to find out the status of channel use (occupied/unoccupied). The system includes selection of suitable spectrum sensing methods and decision combining techniques as well as the associated parameters to meet the requirements set for the system in the specific operational environment. The result is that the system has good performance, simple implementation and is applicable to versatile time-variant situations.

Abstract: In a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter based on laterally acoustically coupled resonators on piezoelectric thin films, one can utilize two distinct acoustic plate wave modes of different nature, for example the thickness extensional (longitudinal) TE1 and the second harmonic thickness shear (TS2) mode to form a bandpass response. The invention is based on the excitation of at least two lateral standing wave resonances belonging to different plate wave modes that facilitate the transmission of signal. The passband is designed by tailoring the wave propagation characteristics in the device such that the resonances are excited at suitable frequencies to form a passband of a desired shape. The bandwidth of the filter described herein may therefore be more than twice that of the existing state-of-the-art microacoustic filters. Consequently, it has significant commercial and technological value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for ranging a radio frequency tag, comprising measuring the modulated backscattering response of the tag at a plurality of frequencies using reader and determining the dispersive properties of the tag from the amplitude of the measured backscattering response. Further, the method comprises determining a position parameter of the tag from the measured modulated backscattering response and the determined dispersive properties of the tag.

Abstract: A multilayered structure suitable as an electrode in a power source and a method of producing the same. The structure comprises a conductive laminar layer; and an enzyme layer containing an essentially dry enzyme capable of oxidizing or dehydrogenating carbohydrate material under suitable conditions. Because the enzymatic anode layer and the fuel containing layer are not interacting during the production and since they are kept latent during storage time, the power source will remain stable for extended periods of time, thus increasing the utility of the power source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the carbon coating of metallic nanoparticles. The metallic nanoparticles, which are produced using the metal-salt hydrogen-reduction method, can be coated with carbon by adding a hydrocarbon (for example, ethylene, ethane, or acetylene) to the hydrogen using in the synthesis. The carbon layer protects the metallic particles from oxidation, which greatly facilitates the handling and further processing of the particles. By altering the concentration of the hydrocarbon, it is possible, in addition, to influence the size of the metallic particles created, because the coating takes place simultaneously with the creation of the particles, thus stopping the growth process. A carbon coating at most two graphene layers thick behaves like a semiconductor. As a thicker layer, the coating is a conductor. If the hydrocarbon concentration is further increased, a metal-CNT composite material is formed in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an omnidirectional lens, an optical measuring device, and a method for optical measurement. The lens comprises a central portion, collecting optically in a first direction, and an edge portion, which surrounds the central portion, and which is arranged to guide the light arriving at the edge portion omnidirectionally relative to the said first direction essentially transversely relative to the said first direction. According to the invention, the edge portion is arranged to guide the light through the central portion. With the aid of the invention, it is possible to create, for example, a simpler laser radar.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of an optically detectable marking on a substrate. In the method, a substrate is taken, a printing ink containing a starch derivative in a solution form is printed on at least a selected first area and at least a selected second area is left unprinted, the printing ink is allowed to dry, in such a way that the starch derivative form a thermoplastic film in the said first area on the surface of the substrate, and an optically detectable marking is hot-pressed into the film. The invention also relates to a corresponding product. With the aid of the invention hot-pressable diffractive embossing is created at low temperatures, for example, on paper or board.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing liquid- guiding structural layers by flexo or gravure printing on a substrate sheet, using a printing solution, which alters the properties of the substrate sheet in such a way that liquid flow is prevented in the area of the structural layers. The penetrability of the printing layer into the substrate sheet can be regulated by the printing-cylinder pressure and the composition of the printing solution. In the method it is possible to use printing solutions consisting of economical polymers and a solvent. In terms of printing technology, the invention is compatible with existing printing machines and is thus highly suitable for mass production.

Abstract: A controller device (209) is enabled to provide a virtual user interface of an electrical device (201) to be remotely used and to generate control messages (241) for controlling the electrical device by providing the controller device with a proxy (211) of the electrical device. The proxy is a movable software package which can be used for representing the electrical device in the controller device. The proxy can be configured to have a limited time-to-live in the controller device and/or a surrounding system may have been arranged to send to the controller device a proxy removal message when the corresponding electrical device is leaving the system or a data transfer connection to it has otherwise been lost. Therefore, a sufficiently up-to-date awareness of the electrical devices and a capability of remotely using them can be maintained in the controller device.

Abstract: A sample port includes a body equipped with an internal cavity and two plungers arranged moveably in the internal cavity, whereby the plungers can be pressed against each other in the internal cavity, in order to compress a sample. At least one of the plungers can be moved into a reactor in order to collect a sample. The sample port also includes a sample chamber, which is formed by a space remaining between the internal cavity and the plungers. At least one sample-container connection is connected in connection with the internal cavity in order to collect the sample from sample chamber. In addition, the sample port has a filter which is provided to at least either plunger for separating a liquid component of the sample from a solid component and means for leading the liquid component of the sample out of the sample chamber.

Abstract: This document describes a method and system for object localization. In accordance with the method an object (1) is illuminated by at least one first type of signal, and response of the signal is detected. In accordance with the invention the object (1) equipped with a transponder (2, 3) backscattering the first type of signal, the transponder (2, 3) is illuminated also by a second type of signal affecting to the backscattering frequency of the transponder (2, 3), and the backscattered signal from the transponder (2, 3) is detected in order to localize the object.

Abstract: A method for optimizing data transfer in a wireless communication network is presented. A routing protocol is run for enabling data transmission devices (101-06) to form the wireless communication network. If routing information indicates that a route from a first data transmission device (101) to a second data transmission device (104) goes via at least one third data transmission (102, 103) device, it is checked whether a direct radio link (110) from the first data transmission device to the second data transmission device could be possible. If the direct radio link is possible, a message receivable by the at least one third data transmission device is sent. The message informs the third data transmission device that data transfer from the first data transmission device to the second data transmission device is direct radio communication and no forwarding actions are needed from the third data transmission device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a micromechanical device comprising a semiconductor element capable of deflecting or resonating and comprising at least two regions having different material properties and drive or sense means functionally coupled to said semiconductor element. According to the invention, at least one of said regions comprises one or more n-type doping agents, and the relative volumes, doping concentrations, doping agents and/or crystal orientations of the regions being configured so that the temperature sensitivities of the generalized stiffness are opposite in sign at least at one temperature for the regions, and the overall temperature drift of the generalized stiffness of the semiconductor element is 50 ppm or less on a temperature range of 100° C. The device can be a resonator. Also a method of designing the device is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator design and method of manufacturing thereof The bulk acoustic wave resonator comprises a resonator portion, which is provided with at least one void having the form of a trench which forms a continuous closed path on the resonator portion. By manufacturing the void in the same processing step as the outer dimensions of the resonator portion, the effect of processing variations on the resonant frequency of the resonator can be reduced. By means of the invention, the accuracy of BAW resonators can be increased.