Abstract: To improve the power transfer of a glow discharge between a cathode (3) and an anode (4) in a glow discharge space (2), through which a laser-active is being passed (5) at high speed, the cathode is constructed to have a rotating surface, projecting through slits (8) of the walls (1) defining the discharge space into the discharge space, the tangential or surface speed of the cathode (3) being at least approximately equal to the flow speed of the gas, so that the gas will flow along the cathode in essentially laminar, linear flow, thereby avoiding turbulence at the surface and instabilities in the glow discharge.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laminated material for electrical contacts having a support of base metal or of a base metal alloy, a contact layer of titanium nitride which in turn is covered with a mixed layer of titanium nitride and at least one noble metal. Also disclosed is a method for making the laminated material in a single step in a vacuum apparatus with reactive formation of the titanium nitride.

Abstract: To permit testing of electrical connectors mounted on a strip, a pair of jaws, similarly to substantially transversely extended clothespin jaws, are provided, the inside surface of one (A) of the jaws (A, B) carrying a conductive strip (4) adapted to be engaged by one terminal of elements to be tested, the other terminal of the test elements being connected to a test track (7), for example applied over the conductive strip with an intervening insulating layer; (20) individual components (2) can be tested by foreshortening one terminal pin (5b) of the components and extending electrically conductive fingers, preferably of resistance material (6) for spring-clip engagement (8) with the foreshortened pins. The conductive strip (4) and the track (7) are brought out to external accessible terminal connectors (9). Alternatively, the test track is applied to a support strip (1) on which the elements (2) are located.

Abstract: A method of forming chip resistors in which a resistive coating is applied to an insulating substrate which is subsequently divided up into single chip components includes the step of providing end terminations for the individual chip resistors before the sheet is divided up. This is achieved by forming a hole 13 in the substrate 11 at the position of each end termination and then coating the holes with an electrically conductive material 14 which electrically connects with the adjacent region of the resistive coating 12. In order to improve the solderability and the reliability of the end terminations the holes 13 may be filled with solder 15. The electrical value of the resistive element coating may then be adjusted to a precise value by trimming away some of the resistive element material with a laser. Finally, the substrate is divided up into the single chip resistor components.

Abstract: A high-power laser, especially one with a gaseous excitation medium, having an unstable optical resonator is disclosed. Fully reflecting mirrors, whose planes of curvature are parallel to one another, form the ends of the unstable optical resonator. A third mirror is concavely curved in a plane perpendicular with respect to the other two mirrors. The mirrors have a rectangular cross section and are preferably metallic. The mirrors constituting the ends of the unstable optical resonator form a confocal resonator.

Abstract: A sensor for use in testing the effect on materials of irradiation and weathering uses solar cells (10) to provide power and uses a transmitter (3) to continuously read out its measurements without interrupting the testing process. The sensor features a number of receptor cells (2) for various spectral ranges and a temperature sensor (17), whose measurements are multiplexed and transmitted under the control of a control logic 18. The receptor cells (2), the photo cells (10) and the electronics (16) are all contained in a preferably cylindrical quartz glass tube (4). The self-contained nature of the sensor and the continuous, immediate read-out of measurements eliminate external wiring requirements and speed up the testing process.

Abstract: The temperature stabilization body is made of pulverized aluminum nitride with a first additive of pulverized aluminum present between 0.05% to 2%, and a grain size of under 1 micrometer, and a second additive of from 0.1% to 10% of an oxide, preferably yttrium oxide, present at about 1%--all precentages by weight, in which the mixture is ground in a ceramic ball mill to a grain size of not over 0.1 mm, subjected to cold isostatic pressure in the order of 2500 bar to form a green, pressed body, and then sintered at a sintering temperature of between 1750.degree. C. to 2000.degree. C. The heat conductivity of the densely sintered aluminum nitride body will then be at least 140 W/m .degree.K., and a heat conductivity of twice as much can be obtained, the body being non-toxic and not subject to creep under temperatures up to at least 1700.degree. C.

Abstract: An electrode for laser stimulation lamps comprising an electrode element (2) of tungsten, a hollow cylindrical carrier body (3) of nickel or nickel alloy, and a mounting pin (6) of nickel, tungsten alloy, or nickel alloy. The parts are securely attached together. This construction reduces the variety of sizes and types of electrodes produced, facilitates subsequent manufacturing steps and improves mechanical stability by reducing overall weight. The electrode element (2) and the mounting pin (6) are seated at respectively opposite ends of the hollow cylindrical carrier, extending, at least in part, into the space defined by the hollow carrier and attached thereto.

Abstract: To prevent defoliation or splitting-off of an aluminum or aluminum alloy which is roll-plated on a copper or copper alloy base, an intermediate nickel layer having less than 0.05% contaminants is applied beneath the aluminum layer. If the base is a copper alloy, an intermediate copper layer which is of an oxygen-free copper or copper alloy is placed between the base and the nickel layer. Typical dimensions are: base copper layer (1, 13): 0.25 mm; oxygen-free copper layer (7, 15): 0.005 to 0.01 mm; nickel layer with less than 0.05% contaminants or impurities: about 0.01 mm; AlSi 0.5 aluminum alloy: 0.005 to 0.006 mm.

Abstract: To permit, selectively, illumination of an operating-room field for depth illumination in a path of radiation which may differ from field illumination, a ring-shaped full reflector (3) is located in a reflective position with respect to a light source (1, 2), and, in advance of the main, fully reflective mirror, a mirror system is located which has apertures which can be selectively covered or uncovered with a further mirror element (6, 13, 19) so that the amount of light passing through the apertures of the second mirror system through the first mirror system can be varied, and the path of light controlled in accordance with the relative position of the mirror systems, while the intensity of light reflected by the respective mirror systems is controlled by the positioning of the movable element of the second mirror system with respect to the fixed one.

Abstract: A light and weather resistance testing apparatus (9) is provided with a sensor (1) located in the plane of the testing samples (14). The sensor (1) uses a transmitter (4) for wireless transmission of signals representing radiation received to an antenna (3) disposed on the wall (8) of the apparatus housing. The sensor (1) has multiple receptor cells (6) for various spectral ranges. The sensor (1) is powered by solar cells (7) located on the sensor housing. A plotter and display unit (13) can be connected to the apparatus for read-out of irradiance and irradiation. The wireless transmission of data from sensors to the display unit permits continuous measurement during rotation of samples and sensor.

Abstract: Gas laser of circular cross section perpendicular to the direction of beam propagation, having an optical resonator. The laser has, for continuous or modulated continuous beam operation, a tube as the inner electrode (2), which is connected to a high-frequency voltage source. The outer electrode (4) likewise comprises a tube which is disposed coaxially with the inner electrode (2). Between the two electrodes (2, 4) is the annular excitation chamber (3). The tube wall serving as outer electrode (4) is provided with slot-like cavities (1) which are open toward the excitation chamber (3) and serve for the cooling of the gas therein.

Abstract: A lead free decorative gold composition containing a flux composed of a mixture of a vanadium compound, rhodium sulforesinate and bismuth resinate is disclosed. The preparation produces a gold decoration firmly adhering to glass and having good mechanical and chemical stability.

Abstract: A heat conductive ceramic substrate for semiconductor circuits, comprising polycrystalline aluminum nitride of high density containing as an additive boron nitride or oxides of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, chrome, silicon, and/or rare earth metals. The boron nitride additive concentration ranges between 0.1 and 3% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 2% by weight. The oxide additive concentration ranges between 0.1 and 5% by weight. The substrate has a significantly higher thermal conductivity than aluminum oxide substrates and is more economincal to manufacture than beryllium oxide substrates.

Abstract: A gas laser of circular cross section perpendicular to the direction of beam propagation and having an optical resonator is disclosed. The laser has, for continuous or modulated continuous beam operation, a metal tube as inside conductor, which is connected to a high-frequency voltage source. An outside conductor, which is coaxial with the inside conductor consists of a tube of metal of good electrical conductivity. The inside conductor is surrounded, leaving an intervening space, by a jacket tube of dielectric or metallic material. A dielectric cooling liquid of electrical insulating quality and low loss factor for high-frequency fields flows through the space between the inside conductor and the jacket tube.

Abstract: High-power laser metalworking apparatus, especially one having a carbon dioxide laser. After the laser beam emerges from an optical resonator it is deflected by a mirror against a workpiece and focused on the surface thereon. An image-rotating means is disposed in the beam path after the deflection mirror, and has an odd number of fully reflective mirrors, but at least 3 such mirrors. The angle of rotation of the image-rotating means is electronically controllable in accordance with the direction of the path of the working movement. The image-rotating means and focusing system advantageously form a single component in which at least one of the mirrors of the image-rotating means focuses the laser beam onto the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A low contamination crucible for pulling monocrystals of Group III and Group V elements of the Periodic Table, comprising particularly aluminum nitride with an additive of boron nitride or a rare earth oxide. The additive concentration is up to 5% by weight, but preferably 0.5% to 3% by weight. The hardness of the crucible of the invention is 300 to 400% greater than that of undoped material subjected to the same sintering conditions.

Abstract: Bright palladium coatings which are pore-free and free of fissures and have a low internal stress are produced by galvanic depositing from a bath which contains tetrammine palladium dibromide, ammonium bromide, sulfamic acid and/or ammonium sulfamate and nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide.

Abstract: In order to connect a tube of a more common material, such as stainless steel, to a tube of a highly corrosion-resistant metal such as tantalum, where the two tubes cannot be welded together by fussion technology, a connection piece is made of two closely fitting layers of the two materials telescoped into each other, which are exposed to hot compressed noble gas, such as argon, in a pressure vessel, with precautions against oxidation from residual oxygen in the noble gas. Then the ends are machined to remove any hard soldered portion used to make a gas-tight seal of the blank before pressure treatment, after which a longer ring-shaped section of the stainless part of the connection piece is removed at one end and likewise a section of the tantalum part of the connection piece at the other end, so that the projecting ends can be welded to the pipes to be joined.

Abstract: To provide line or strip form illumination of an object or image carrier, such as a drawing, design, or written material, for projection or copy machine purposes, a point source of light such as a quartz halogen lamp or a pinhole optical system is provided in which the light point is imaged by means of a movable mirror on the object or pattern, the movable mirror scanning the point source of light across the object or pattern to provide, essentially, strip illumination which can be uniform across the scanning strip by selecting an angular deflection speed of the mirror of .omega.=c.multidot.sin.sup.2 .alpha., or varying the deflection speed to have a longer dwell time of the light beam at selected locations to provide for light intensity maxima distributed throughout the scanned image, for example for compensation of distortion.