Abstract: A laser device includes a multipass resonator which has, in the beam path between two resonator end mirrors, at least two opposite beam folding mirrors with confronting mirror surfaces. At least one of the beam folding mirrors is limited in its width and at least one has a beam discharge area. To produce a low-order laser mode, preferably a 00 mode, the mirror surface of at least one beam folding mirror has its reflectivity dimishished in the region outside of the desired modes of radiation.

Abstract: An electronic thermometer has an oscillator, the frequency determining element of which is a temperature sensitive piezoelectric element, used as a measuring sensor, which is located in a sealed housing of electrically insulating material. The piezoelectric element is provided with two terminal electrodes, which are each connected via a respective capacitor to the oscillator circuit, and each of the two capacitors has electrodes, one located inside and one located outside the housing.

Abstract: Temperature measurement is effectively carried out by converting pulses derived from a pulse generator, in which the pulse gaps change as a result of a measured condition, for example temperature, by converting electrical pulses received from the pulse generator into light pulses, and then evaluating the light pulses with respect to a clock rate in a counter (22). The light pulses can readily be transmitted via a light pickup (9b) and fiber optic or the like (9a) to a remote evaluation unit. Preferably, the light is generated by a light emitting diode or a laser diode (8'), serially connected with a switching transistor (13') and energized upon receipt of a pulse from the pulse generator. The arrangement permits use of a piezoelectric element (2) such as a frequency determining quartz to control the frequency of an oscillator, the frequency of which is then converted into the pulses with the respective pulse gaps.

Abstract: A method is described for the production of a ductile tantalum stock material for high-speed deformation use. A bar-shaped body is made from directly reduced tantalum powder of a given purity and is remelted repeatedly as a consumable electrode in an electron beam furnace. The obtained ingot is shaped into a slab which, after being machined to a smooth surface, is further worked to produce the stock material. At least one heat treatment under vacuum is included in the process of making the stock material.

Abstract: To permit high-speed punching of complex shapes in extremely thin metal strips or ribbons, particularly for miniaturized semiconductor terminal elements, while using standardizing modular punch press components sush as a die, a stripper element and a punch carrier, with minimum longitudinal extent to suppress oscillations of the ribbon as it is being transported, at high punching frequencies, the stripper plate (2) is securely connected to a plurality of guide posts (6). Springs (18, 16) are provided which maintain the posts and the stripper plate in a base position, and lift the stripper plate above a die plate (1). These springs retain the posts, are circumferential spring rings (16) engaging a groove (17) in the posts and fitted in the die plate, or ball-and-detent arrangements (FIG.

Abstract: In an aqueous bath for electroless deposition of gold films, of the type containing a source of gold in oxidized form, a reducing agent, a stabilizer of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole or a derivative thereof, the improvement comprising said source of gold being a gold complex which is the reaction product of an alkali metal cyanoaurate (III) and a complexing agent selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetramethylene-phosphonic acid and 1-hydroxythane-1,1-diphosphonic acid in aqueous solution; said aqueous bath having a pH value between 0.2 and 1.8.

Abstract: To permit using a single firing step, sintered aluminum nitride ceramic bodies provided with firmly adhering electrically conductive films or resistive layers can be produced by sintering of the green ceramic bodies and the films or layers in common, if these films or layers additionally contain a mixture of aluminum nitride and rare earth metal oxide.

Abstract: A beam guiding optical system for laser radiation, especially for the radiation of a medical laser, for the continuous adjustment of focal length is described, which is distinguished by the fact that aberrations are largely prevented. The beam guiding optical system preferably has a linearly movable carriage with at least two carriage mirrors disposed fixedly with respect to one another, at least one of these carriage mirrors being concavely or convexly curved, and the beam axis of the entry beam falling on a mirror being parallel to the beam axis of the beam emerging from the adjusting means. The axis of displacement of the carriage is aligned parallel to the beam axis of the entry and emerging beam. In the beam path outside of the adjusting means there is disposed at least one deflecting mirror which has a curvature complementary to the curvature of the at least one curved carriage mirror.

Abstract: To make a jacketed thermoelement, two metal wires, one of which is pure platinum, preferably of at least 99.9, and even higher purity, and the other being a platinum/rhodium alloy are included in a ceramic element. The wires are first threaded into capillary openings of a cylindrical ceramic element which is jacketed by a jacket of platinum-rhodium alloy or INCONEL (TM). The initial assembly is hammered, thereby crashing the ceramic, and drawn to reduce the outer diameter of the metal jacket tube to fit the inner diameter of an auxiliary tube, for example of a copper-tin alloy which is fitted over the metal jacket tube. The thus formed composite is then passed through a sequence of drawing dies, preferably in a single drawing pull, in which each die reduces the cross-section by about 9-10%, until the desired outer diameter of the metal jacket tube (4) is reached; this diameter may be in the order of 0.3 mm, after starting with an outer diameter of just under 5 mm.

Abstract: Tubular components made out of quartz glass or fused quartz, such as tubes, bells, hoods, or pans, with a flange fused or welded onto them are known. To improve cooling such a tubular component, especially the sealing surfaces of the flange, heat conduction and heat radiation in the vicinity of the flange are extensively avoided and, to make it possible to create long-diameter tubular components, the flange is designed hollow and narrow-walled, whereby a coolant, preferably water or a gas, can be conveyed through the hollow space in one preferred embodiment for purposes of interior cooling or the hollow space can be packed with a heat-insulating material.

Abstract: Laminated electrodes and a method for their preparation are described, these electrodes being composed of electrically conductive plastic having catalytic particles, composed of a catalyst deposited on supporting particles, pressed partially into the plastic. They can be used as oxygen anodes, for example in the electrolytic recovery of metal from aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Apparatus for melting by vapor-phase treatment a solder applied to an object. The liquid serving for vapor production, which is situated in a vessel, is heated by electrical heating means which are disposed exclusively outside of the vessel and are completely enveloped by a liquid heat-carrying medium. The vessel floor is provided with projections to increase the thermal transfer. A tubing coil is furthermore disposed in the heat-carrying medium for rapid cooling thereof.

Abstract: To permit operation of the light guide under widely varying temperature conditions, for example varying between -50.degree. C. to +70.degree. C., plug elements (5,7), for example of synthetic rubies or sapphires and retained within a hard metal sleeve (4) are formed, essentially throughout their entire cross-sectional area, with facing matching engagement surfaces. The exit or coupling plug element (5) is formed with a polished surface (15) at the side remote from the entrance plug element (7), the polished surface extending at right angles to the axis of a central duct or channel (9) which retains an optical fiber light guide. The exit or coupling plug element (5) is so positioned in the holding sleeve (4) that the polished surface (15) is located at a projecting portion beyond the terminal end (16) of the sleeve, to define a projecting distance (17). Two couplings are connected together by a housing (20).

Abstract: A gas laser has a coolable inner electrode for connection to a radio-frequency power source and a coolable outer electrode that is coaxial with and radially spaced from the inner electrode with an excitation space containing the gas to be excited in the radial space between the inner and outer electrodes. With a view to improving a laser of this type in such a way that excitation at higher power with retention of homogeneous discharge is possible, that gas decomposition is slower, and that any desired liquid coolant can be used regardless of the electrical conditions, the excitation space is radially bounded by two, tubular dielectric bodies which are coaxial with and radially spaced from each other.

Abstract: By using a ceramic decal whose design layer consists of a bright noble metal preparation containing a thermoplastic resin and which is covered by a layer of a lead borosilicate glaze frit, it is possible to produce in a single firing a bright noble metal decoration protected by a glaze.

Abstract: To separate ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted from a light source (9) from impinging on infrared (IR) filters, in which the respective filters filter the radiation from the light source to result in controlled spectral distribution simulating, at least approximately, sunlight, an outer UV filter (10) is located in a first section, adjacent a first mirror-filter combination (11), alternatingly located in polygonal form, for example square (FIG. 2) or triangular (FIG. 3) or in cylindrical form (FIGS. 5,6) surrounding the light source. The first mirror-filter combination includes a first UV mirror (12) having its mirror surface directed towards the light source and, externally thereof, a IR filter (13).

Abstract: A gas laser has (1) a reflecting body with a reflecting surface, (2) excitation space structure cooperative with the reflecting body for defining an excitation space which is open opposite the reflecting surface of the reflecting body, (3) devices for lasingly exciting a gas in the excitation space and (4) a mirror assembly. The mirror assembly has a mirror having a reflecting surface facing the opening in the excitation space. A radial flange is about the mirror with the reflecting surface of the mirror on one axial side of the radial flange. At least one spacer and, preferably three, circumferentially-spaced bars project from the excitation space structure and engage the radial flange substantially axially for supporting it at least one of axially slidably and tiltably. Bellows sealingly connect the one axial side of the radial flange to the opening of the excitation space structure and its other axial side to a backplate immovably connected to the spacer bar on the other axial side of the radial flange.

Abstract: To form a sturdy, environmentally essentially unaffected and high-temperature resistance electrical connection between a connection wire (4) and a conductive track (2) on the substrate (1), a portion of the wire (4) is embedded in a unitary bonding element (3). The bonding element comprises about 70% of metal particles and 30% of glass particles to form a bonding spot. The bonding spot is made by applying a paste of glass and platinum powder, with the glass powder having a grain size several times larger than the platinum powder on the conductive track (2), pressing the end portion of the connection wire (4) into the spot so that the wire will be completely surrounded, and then firing the bonding spot. If the conductive track (2) is applied by film technology, firing of the conductive track (2) and of the bonding spot (3) can be carried out in a single operating step.

Abstract: Microwave-resistant tableware of siliceous material. The tableware has a precious metal decoration which consists of a pattern of dots. The distance between two adjacent dots amounts to at least 0.2 mm, and the maximum breadth of a dot amounts to 5 mm.

Abstract: To permit firing a composite carrier for a printed circuit in which the carrier has a base of metal, typically steel, and thus is highly vibration and bending resistant, the coating or cover layer is a glass ceramic of BaO-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2, typically 25 to 40%, preferably 35% of BaO, 5 to 20%, preferably 10% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 40 to 65%, preferably about 55% SiO.sub.2. Rather than using 40 to 65% SiO.sub.2, a lesser quantity of SiO.sub.2, e.g., 30 to 65% may be used and then 0 to 15% MgO, 0 to 15% CaO, 0 to 5% SrO, 0 to 2% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0 to 4% PbO, 0 to 3% ZnO and 0 to 4% TiO.sub.2 may be applied. The glass ceramic may be dyed, for example by an inorganic dye, such as cobalt silicate, and standard resistor and conductor pastes, such as Cermalloy or Heraprint may be applied and fired at temperatures below 980.degree. C., and entirely suitable for firing temperatures above 850.degree. C. The coating or cover layer has a thickness of above 20 micrometers, preferably of between about 0.03 to 0.