Abstract: A sputtering method uses a sputtering apparatus for forming a thin film, the sputtering apparatus comprising a pair of facing polygonal prism target holders in which a target is placed on each surface parallel to a rotation axis of a rotatable polygonal prism body. A magnetic pole group including a plurality of magnets is disposed on a back surface of each of the targets, and each of the magnetic pole groups includes magnets or yokes of different magnetic pole directions. The magnets or yokes on the back surface of each of the targets are disposed so that adjacent magnets or yokes become alternately different magnetic pole direction, and the magnets or yokes disposed on the back surfaces of the targets have polarities opposite to each other.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting even mucin 1 derived from breast cancer, which cannot be detected by a CA15-3 measurement method. The purpose can be achieved by a method for analyzing the mucin 1 having a Sulfo-3Gal?1-3GalNAc-R carbohydrate chain, including: a step of bringing a 3? sulfonated core 1 carbohydrate chain binding probe capable of binding to the Sulfo-3Gal?1-3GalNAc-R carbohydrate chain into contact with a sample to be tested; a step of bringing a 3? sulfonated core 1 carbohydrate chain mucin 1 peptide binding probe capable of binding to the mucin 1 having a Sulfo-3Gal?1-3GalNAc-R carbohydrate chain or a mucin 1 binding probe capable of binding to a mucin 1 into contact with the sample to be tested; and a step of detecting a conjugate of the mucin 1 having a Sulfo-3Gal?1-3GalNAc-R carbohydrate chain and probe.

Abstract: Plasmid vectors have been widely used as a carrier of a DNA sequence capable of expressing a target RNA in cells. However, construction of these plasmid vectors requires technical skill and time. Thus, a quicker and easier method is required therefor. To solve this problem, a method using a linear DNA that has been amplified by the PCR method is examined. However, this method is disadvantageous in that RNA expression in cells is extremely low. Under these circumstances, the present inventors attempted to develop an RNA expression method using a linear DNA which can be produced mainly by using the PCR method alone and which enables a high level of RNA expression. As the results of intensive studies on terminator sequences to be used in a linear DNA, the present inventors found a smallest unit of a terminator sequence enabling linear DNA expression equivalent to that when using a plasmid vector.

Abstract: As a simple and convenient method for promoting the proliferation of algae, a method for cultivating the algae while conducting a procedure S1 for irradiating a red illuminative light to the algae and a procedure S2 for irradiating a blue illuminative light to the algae separately and independently of each other within a certain time period is provided.

Abstract: As a plant cultivation method by an artificial light irradiation which is convenient, highly energy efficient, and excellent in growth promoting effect, a plant cultivation method which promotes the plant growth by conducting a step S1 for irradiating a red illuminative light to a plant and a step S2 for irradiating a blue illuminative light to the plant separately and independently of each other within a certain time period. In this plant cultivation method, an extremely remarkable plant growth promoting effect can be obtained by a method as simple as an alternate irradiation with a red illuminative light and a blue illuminative light.

Abstract: A device and a method of facing target sputtering are provided, which can easily change magnetic flux line patterns between facing targets, thereby enabling to conveniently perform a plurality of kinds of sputtering such as facing target sputtering with facing mode, facing target sputtering with mixed mode composed of facing mode and magnetron mode. Thus, the device and the method of facing target sputtering effective for each material is provided. The sputtering device for forming a thin film in which a pair of target holders 2 having targets 1 arranged thereon is provided so as to arrange targets faced to each other. A pole group including a plurality of pole elements having at least a different pole direction is arranged at the back side of the target holders opposite to surfaces on which the targets are arranged. The pole elements are any of a permanent magnet 4, a yoke 7, 8 and an electromagnet 13 or a combination of them.

Abstract: A device and a method of facing target sputtering are provided, which can easily change magnetic flux line patterns between facing targets, thereby enabling to conveniently perform a plurality of kinds of sputtering such as facing target sputtering with facing mode, facing target sputtering with mixed mode composed of facing mode and magnetron mode. Thus, the device and the method of facing target sputtering effective for each material is provided. The sputtering device for forming a thin film in which a pair of target holders 2 having targets 1 arranged thereon is provided so as to arrange targets faced to each other. A pole group including a plurality of pole elements having at least a different pole direction is arranged at the back side of the target holders opposite to surfaces on which the targets are arranged. The pole elements are any of a permanent magnet 4, a yoke 7, 8 and an electromagnet 13 or a combination of them.

Abstract: Provided is an efficiency improving agent for gene transfer to mammalian cells, a method for improving efficiency of gene transfer to mammalian cells, and a method for transforming mammalian cells. The method is characterized in that tRNA is used in combination with a lipofection reagent. Preferably, the agent may be used so that the tRNA concentration in a lipofection solution falls within the range of 3 to 50 ?g/mL, and the concentration in a culture is approximately 1/10. More preferably, tRNA and PEG may be used in combination with a lipofection reagent. According to the present invention, gene transfer to mammalian cells with high efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: A graft copolymer having a side chain graft-polymerized by atom transfer living radical polymerization (ATRP) on a main chain polymerized by organotellurium-mediated living radical polymerization (TERP), wherein the molecular weight distribution is such that Mw/Mn is 1.5 or less. The graft copolymer is also such that a main chain moiety mainly consisting of the main chain and a side chain moiety mainly consisting of the side chain have microphase-separated structures. The graft copolymer has a narrow molecular weight distribution and forms microphase-separated structures through self organization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties.

Abstract: A GaN crystal multi-layer substrate having surfaces with various crystal orientations formed on a sapphire base substrate, such as a substrate whose principal surface is a <11-20> plane which is the a-plane, a <1-100> plane which is the m-plane, or a <11-22> plane having a low threading dislocation density and high crystal quality of a GaN crystal, and a production process therefor.

Abstract: Provided are a silicon melt contact member which is markedly improved in liquid repellency to a silicon melt, which can retain the liquid repellency permanently, and which is suitable for production of crystalline silicon; and a process for efficient production of crystalline silicon, particularly, spherical crystalline silicon having high crystallinity, by use of the silicon melt contact member. A silicon melt contact member having a porous sintered body layer present on its surface, preferably the sintered body layer being present on a substrate of a ceramic material such as aluminum nitride, wherein the porous sintered body layer consists essentially of silicon nitride, has a thickness of 10 to 500 ?m, and has, dispersed therein, many pores preferably having an average equivalent circle diameter of 1 to 25 ?m at a pore-occupying area ratio of 30 to 80%, the pores connecting to each other to form communicating holes having a depth of 5 ?m or more.

Abstract: It is a main object of the present invention to provide a drug delivery system in which drugs can be changed or which can be recharged with drugs, which continuously delivers drugs at effective concentrations to local lesional sites in a body and allows the use of drugs for which it has thus far been difficult to achieve effective local concentrations for a variety of reasons and drugs which have been difficult to use due to adverse effects on tissues that are not sites of action. The present invention provides a drug delivery system comprising an indwelling medical device on which a biocompatible material having target molecules on its surface has been coated, and target-recognizing nanocarriers (e.g., bio-nanocapsules, liposomes, liposome preparations, and nanoparticles) in which drugs are encapsulated and which have target-recognizing molecules capable of specifically binding to the target molecules.

Abstract: A method of treating or reducing at least one inflammatory condition or the susceptibility to at least one inflammatory condition is provided involving administering at least one CD69 antagonist to a subject, wherein the subject has been diagnosed with at least one inflammatory condition, or a susceptibility to the same. CD69 antagonists can include one or more of an anti-CD69 antibody, an anti-CD69 aptamer, a CD69 mRNA antagonist, and a small molecule pharmaceutical.

Abstract: Provided is a novel high-expression promoter, namely a GAL1 promoter, derived from Kluyveromyces marxianus. Also provided are the following, characterized by the use of the provided high-expression promoter; a recombinant polynucleotide containing said high-expression promoter; a vector containing said recombinant polynucleotide; a transformant obtained by introducing said recombinant polynucleotide or vector into yeast; a method using said transformant for high expression of a target gene; and a method using said transformant to manufacture the gene product of a target gene.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method for determining breast cancer susceptibility, in which a DNA copy number polymorphism associated with breast cancer susceptibility is identified and determination is made based on an increase or decrease in the DNA copy number polymorphism. The present invention attempts to achieve this by performing microarray assay using the peripheral blood of sporadic breast cancer patients, identifying a DNA copy number polymorphism associated with breast cancer susceptibility in a chromosomal region, detecting the number of copies of the above DNA copy number polymorphism by quantitative PCR, and then determining breast cancer susceptibility based on an increase or decrease in the DNA copy number polymorphism.

Abstract: Provided are a leakage inspection apparatus and a leakage inspection method for inspecting the flow rate of leakage from a tested body disposed in a tested-body chamber 21. The leakage inspection apparatus includes liquid supplying and pressurizing means 11 for supplying a probe liquid to the inside of the tested-body chamber 21 and pressurizing the probe liquid to a high pressure 0.1 MPa or more, vacuum evacuation means 22-b, 23-b and a quadrupole mass spectrometer 34. The tested body 21 is evacuated, the probe liquid is supplied to the inside of the tested body and pressurized to 0.1 MPa or more and the concentration of a probe medium leaked from the tested body and evaporated in a vacuum is measured by the quadrupole mass spectrometer 34, thereby measuring the flow rate of leakage from the tested body. This makes it possible to determine the flow rate of leakage using a liquid as a probe medium and simultaneously possible to perform a pressure tightness inspection at an atmospheric pressure of 0.

Abstract: 3D position and attitude can be estimated in a short calculation time based on 2D projection image of an object such as an artificial joint bone or a living tissue bone when a part of the contour of the object in the 2D projection image cannot be discriminated due to a deficient part of the contour or noise. An X-ray image processing method of estimating position and attitude of a measuring object by comparing the measuring object on an X-ray projection image with a parent database storing data of a plurality of candidate objects is provided. The 3D shape of the candidate object is known, and the parent database stores an element-contour group of a plurality of candidate objects projected on 2D plane from various angles.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (1) is provided as a gelling agent for gelatinizing a liquid organic compound: wherein n and m are each independently an integer of 2 to 18, R1 and R3 are each independently a single bond or a branched or linear alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 is a branched or linear alkylene group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and Z1 and Z2 are each independently a phenylene group or a biphenylene group.

Abstract: A method of treating or reducing at least one inflammatory condition or the susceptibility to at least one inflammatory condition is provided involving administering at least one CD69 antagonist to a subject, wherein the subject has been diagnosed with at least one inflammatory condition, or a susceptibility to the same. CD69 antagonists can include one or more of an anti-CD69 antibody, an anti-CD69 aptamer, a CD69 mRNA antagonist, and a small molecule pharmaceutical.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a clinical marker capable of distinguishing breast cancer from interstitial pneumonia; and a clinical marker for detecting malignancy or progress level of breast cancer, and for monitoring effects of the treatment of breast cancer. The object can be solved by a method for analyzing mucin 1 having Sia?2-8Sia?2-3Gal?-R, characterized by comprising the step of bringing a first probe specifically binding to a mucin 1 having Sia?2-8Sia?2-3Gal?-R into contact with a sample to be tested.