Abstract: The present invention relates to 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-4-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine derivatives having antiviral activity, represented by formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein B represents a base selected from the group consisting of purine, azapurine and deazapurine, which may be substituted with halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, hydroxyamino, aminoxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, aryl, aryloxy or cyano; and R represents a hydrogen atom or a phosphoric acid residue, and to a process for the production and use thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing a sugar nucleotide from a nucleotide by using a yeast cell, characterized in that both a nucleoside diphosphate-sugar pyrophosphorylase and a sugar 1-phosphate are present in the reaction system. According to this process, various sugar nucleotides, which have been prepared only in low productivity by the conventional yeast cell process, can be efficiently prepared.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing nucleoside 5'-triphosphates (NTP) from nucleoside 5'-diphosphates (NDP) other than adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), characterized by using a polyphosphate kinase as an enzyme and polyphosphate as the phosphate donor; and application of this process to various glycosylation reactions.This process makes it possible to conveniently and economically synthesize NTP from NDP enzymatically. Also, it becomes possible thereby to economically recycle and synthesize sugar nucleotides and synthesize, for example, oligosaccharides associating therewith without resort to expensive phosphoenol pyruvate, ATP, etc. in the reactions for reproducing or converting NDP into NTP in the systems for enzymatically synthesizing oligosaccharides by combining, for example, with the synthesis of sugar nucleotides.

Abstract: In a method for assaying an anticardiolipin antibody in a sample utilizing .beta.2-glycoprotein I, a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as domain IV of .beta.2-glycoprotein I or a polypeptide partially different therefrom but functionally equivalent thereto is used in place of .beta.2-glycoprotein I itself. According to this method, an autoantibody from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome can be accurately assayed in a simple manner.

Abstract: Purine or triazolopurine compounds are disclosed represented by formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 represent each hydrogen, halogeno, hydroxy, mercapto, or amino; R.sup.2 represents alkyl or aryl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 represent each hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds as xanthine oxidase inhibitors, remedies for hyperuricemia, or remedies or preventive agents for gout.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing sugar nucleotides from nucleotides and sugar derivatives by the use of yeast, characterized in that the reactions are conducted at 20.degree. C. or below. According to this process, even when the preparation is conducted on an enlarged scale, a reduction in the yield of a sugar nucleotide can be inhibited by a very simple means; lowering the reaction temperature 20.degree. C. or below. Thus, the process is an extremely practical one applicable to the mass-production of sugar nucleotides.

Abstract: By measuring smooth muscle myosin heavy chain in the blood of a patient using an antibody to the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, dissecting aortic aneurysm can be diagnosed very easily and rapidly without any special equipment.

Abstract: Use of an anti-cardiolipin antibody, anti-lipoprotein antibody or anti-.beta.2-glycoprotein I antibody together with an immobilized antibody thereof enables to accurately assay for a complex of .beta.2-glycoprotein I and an oxidized lipoprotein in a blood sample, according to a sandwich immunoassay. Thus, the oxidized lipoprotein in blood can be detected, whereby diagnosis of arteriosclerotic disease is enabled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel purine 4'-thioarabinonucleoside represented by the following formula ?1!: ##STR1## wherein B represents a purine base other than adenine. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the purine 4'-thioarabinonucleoside and pharmaceutical compositions containing the purine 4'-thioarabinonucleoside.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2'-deoxy-2'-(substituted or unsubstituted)methylidene-4'-thionucleosides having excellent antitumor activity, represented by formula ?I!: ##STR1## wherein B represents a pyrimidine or purine base, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen, a cyano group or alkyl group, and R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or a phosphoric acid residue, and a method for producing the same, and a use of the same.

Abstract: Novel 2'-methylidenenucleotide compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen or a halogen, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is a fatty acid residue or a hydrocarbon residue, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen, a halogen or an alkyl; salts thereof; methods for production thereof; and pharmaceutical use thereof. The compounds and salts thereof show an excellent antitumor effect in mammals. More specifically, they show a remarkable activity of inhibiting growth of mouse tumors, cultured human tumor cells, and human tumors transplanted to nude mice, and are useful for the treatment and prevention of recurrence of lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, gynecological cancer, urinological cancer, leukemia, melanoma, lymphogenous metastatic tumor and the like in mammals. They are also useful as antitumor agents since they have an increased bioavailability and low toxicity.

Abstract: A monoclonal antibody which is capable of specifically binding with human pulmonary surfactant apoprotein D has been successfully obtained. Using the monoclonal antibody, human pulmonary surfactant apoprotein D can be specifically detected and assayed, whereby diagnosis of respiratory diseases is enabled.

Abstract: A solid phase reagent is provided which comprises a carrier having a surface onto which functional groups containing a negative charge or a lone pair of electrons and/or free radicals containing a negative charge or a lone pair of electrons have been introduced and having .beta.2-glycoprotein I coated on the surface. Using this reagent, antibodies specific to antiphospholipid syndrome can be specifically assayed. Moreover, antibodies specific to antiphospholipid syndrome can be assayed differentially from antibodies specific to infectious diseases by using the solid phase reagent described above or a further modified solid phase reagent.

Abstract: Novel stable, non-hygroscopic 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine dihydrate and its methods for production, and compositions with improved solubility containing same and saccharide(s).