Abstract: A moisture-sensitive element includes a moisture-sensitive film consisting of a polymer prepared by polymerizing a methacrylate monomer not having a hydroxyl group. A humidity detector using the moisture-sensitive element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A building management system enables error-free operation of utility devices in the building by limiting an operator's access to controls for the utility devices to those devices that the operator is authorized to control. The system includes a terminal unit and a central station. The operator inputs various commands via the terminal unit, and the central station verifies that the operator entering the commands is authorized to control the devices designated by the commands before performing the input operation command. The system also verifies that the input operation command is a correct command.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electromagnetic flowmeter includes the steps of inserting and filling electrode members into a pair of insertion holes formed to oppose each other from outside to inside through the circumferential wall of a measuring pipe made of a sintered ceramic material, and heating and solidifying the electrode members to form electrodes.

Abstract: An electrode structure for an electromagnetic flowmeter includes a ceramic measuring pipe, an insertion electrode, a press member, and inner and outer gaskets. The electrode has a large-diameter liquid contact end exposed inside the ceramic measuring pipe and an electrode shaft inserted into the electrode insertion hole from the inside of the ceramic measuring pipe. The press member is fitted on the electrode shaft extending outside the ceramic measuring pipe and opposes the electrode liquid contact end through the wall of the ceramic measuring pipe. The press member has a groove adjacent to the insertion electrode on a side which is in contact with the outer surface of the ceramic measuring pipe. The groove is defined by a tapered surface whose diameter is increased toward the ceramic measuring pipe. The inner gasket contacts a surface of the electrode liquid contact end which is in contact with the inner wall surface of the ceramic measuring pipe.

Abstract: In a differential pressure transmitter, the respective measurement pressures are applied to a pair of barrier diaphragms respectively disposed on both side surfaces of a body, and movement of a sealed liquid caused by a differential pressure thereof is extracted as an electrical output by a differential pressure measuring pressure sensor provided by partitioning a sealing circuit. A sensor housing is manufactured independently of the body. The differential pressure measuring pressure sensor and a static pressure measuring pressure sensor for measuring a static pressure when applied with a measurement pressure applied to one of the pair of barrier diaphragms and a reference pressure such as an atmospheric pressure, are disposed in the housing. The housing is fixed to a housing mount portion of the body.

Abstract: A two-wire transmitter having a detecting section for detecting a physical variable to be measured to produce a detection output, first and second constant voltage devices connected in series with a two-wire transmission path, a signal processor driven by a voltage supplied by the first constant voltage device for converting the detection output into representative serial pulse signals and a switching circuit which is connected in parallel with the second constant voltage device and is turned on and off by the serial pulse signals to produce corresponding output signals from the transmitter on the two-wire transmission path by utilizing a current flowing in the two-wire transmission path while enabling the transmitter to connect in a single loop with another two-wire transmitter.

Abstract: A communication apparatus inserted in parallel in a two-wire communication line of a two-wire measuring instrument which consists of a transmitter and a receiver connected to each other through the two-wire communication line and transmits a process value detected by the transmitter to the receiver as an analog signal, the communication apparatus being adapted to communicate with the transmitter, comprising a switching device for separating a closed loop constituted by the transmitter and the receiver into a first loop including the transmitter and a second loop including the receiver, a power source for supplying power to the transmitter in the first loop, and dummy output means for outputtting a dummy signal to the receiver in the second loop.

Abstract: A fluid flow speed measuring apparatus comprising a first pipe having an opening exposed into a fluid to be measured, a direction of the opening having an angle larger than a critical negative pressure angle, a second pipe having an opening exposed into the fluid to be measured, a direction of the opening of the second pipe having an angle larger than the critical negative pressure angle and at least one of conditions such as a diameter, a direction, and the number of the openings for determining a magnitude of the negative pressure being different from that of the opening of the first pipe, negative pressure difference detector for detecting a difference between negative pressures acting on the openings of the first and second pipes, and device for calculating a flow speed of the fluid to be measured on the basis of an output from the negative pressure difference detector.

Abstract: A color sensor has a layered body obtained by stacking a first photoelectric sensor which is constituted by an amorphous semiconductor having a "PIN" structure and a spectral sensitivity which has a peak with respect to blue light and a second photoelectric sensor which is constituted by an amorphous semiconductor having a "PIN" structure and a spectral sensitivity which has a peak with respect to red light, so that a p-n junction is formed therebetween, and a pair of electrodes with each of the electrodes being provided at a respective end of the body, at least one of the pair of electrodes being transparent. A color measuring apparatus uses the color sensor with a bias voltage supply for supplying three different bias voltages between the sensor and the pair of electrodes, a photo-current detector for detecting photo-currents for each bias voltage and a color discriminator for discriminating incident light color on the basis of the detected photo-currents.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic flowmeter using a ceramic pipe as a measuring pipe, an electrode inserted in the ceramic pipe includes a ceramic core rod and a conductive portion of a refractory metal. The conductive portion covers a fluid contact end face of the core rod and extends along the longitudinal direction of the core rod. The other end of the conductive portion faces an outer surface of the ceramic pipe, and is opposite the fluid contact end face.

Abstract: A method of determining PID parameters for PID control by a PID controller having proportional, integral and derivative operating portions including the steps of monitoring a limit cycle generated in a controlled process to obtain characteristics of the process, continuing process control in a tuning mode where a nonlinear element is inserted preceding a proportional operation portion and at the same time an integral operation portion is connected in parallel to the series connection of the nonlinear element and the proportional operation portion and the derivative operation portion is removed from operation and determining optimum PID parameters to be used for succeeding process control on the basis of the results of the limit cycle monitoring.

Abstract: A valve having a flow path in the form of a Venturi tube having a throttle and flow path sections extending and flaring from the opposite sides of the throttle to an inlet and outlet, respectively, and a cylindrical valve plug provided at the throttle and selectively movable at right angles to the flow path to present a flow path end into the flow path and having a semi-spherical valve head at the flow path end with a notch having a length in the direction of movement of the valve plug less than the diameter of the throttle formed in a portion of the valve head and the remaining portion of the valve head containing a diametrical line connecting opposite portions of the valve head in contact with the wall of the throttle while occupying a major portion of the surface of the valve head facing a flow in the flow path.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flowmeter includes a metal case and a ceramic measuring pipe with a pair of coils and a pair of electrodes. The ceramic measuring pipe is a straight pipe or a pipe with flanges. The ceramic measuring pipe is detachably mounted in the metal case directly or through metal rings. O-rings are fluid-tightly mounted in flanges of the ceramic measuring pipe or the metal rings, respectively. A ground rod extends through a hole in the wall of the measuring pipe. One end of the ground rod is in contact with the conductive fluid and the other end thereof is electrically connected to the case through a screw or banana jack.

Abstract: An A/D conversion method including the steps of storing digital voltage values obtained through an A/D conversion of divided voltages obtained by dividing an analog voltage in a predetermined voltage range into a predetermined number of different dividing ratios by an A/D converter and digital data for calculating digital output data for the A/D conversion of an input voltage in combination with the digital voltage values in a memory, converting the input voltage into a corresponding digital input value through A/D conversion, deciding upon a voltage division including the digital input value among divisions demarcated by the digital voltage values by sequentially comparing the digital voltage values with the digital input value, deciding which of a pair of the digital voltage values demarcating the division selected through the prior decision is the approximate value of the digital input value, updating the divided voltage corresponding to the digital voltage value through A/D conversion to provide a represe

Abstract: A switch mounting device with a base having a pair of spaced parallel rails and a receiving member at one end of the rails which extends from the base a distance at least as great as the height of the switch side walls. Each of the rails includes a projecting guide which extends from the base a distance at least as great as the height of the switch side walls. The receiving member and projecting guides each have a lug formed thereon for engaging the upper surface of the switch when it is in place. The base is formed with first and second resilient cantilevered members, the first of which has a free end extending away from a receiving member and terminating in a lug which engages the side wall of the switch opposite the receiving member when the switch is in place. The second cantilevered member has a free end proximate the receiving member which bears against the lower surface of the switch to urge the switch toward the lugs.

Abstract: An electro-pneumatic pressure converter including a switching valve having at least one plate-like piezoelectric element, which is supported at one end in a cantilever manner inside a sealed chamber and a distal end portion of which moves upon application of a voltage, at least two pressure nozzles which are opened and closed upon displacement of the piezoelectric element, and an output channel extending from the sealed chamber to an external portion; a pilot relay for converting a pneumatic pressure signal from the output channel into a pneumatic pressure signal; a pressure sensor for converting the output pressure signal of the pilot relay into an electrical signal; pulse width modulating means for supplying a pulse-width modulation signal corresponding to a difference between the electrical signal from the pressure sensor and an external input signal to the plate-like piezoelectric element of the switching valve; a power supplycircuit for obtaining a predetermined voltage from the external input voltage to

Abstract: A plunger operated switch having a normally closed pair of contacts and a normally open pair of contacts, the normally closed pair of contacts including a movable contact carried on the free end of a first cantilevered resilient leaf member biased to separate the contacts, the normally open pair of contacts including a movable contact carried on the free end of a second cantilevered resilient leaf member biased to bring the contacts together. An actuator projection on the plunger bears against the first leaf member at a location substantially aligned with the contact thereon, and a further actuator on the plunger bears against the free end of the second resilient leaf member. The plunger is biased to urge the normally closed pair of contacts closed and the normally open pair of contacts open by a spring which is sufficiently strong to overcome the biases of the resilient leaf members.

Abstract: There is provided an angular and positional deviation adjusting mechanism of a robot hand comprising a holder secured to an arm, an eccentricity accommodating member urged against the holder by a first spring, and an angular deviation accommodating member biased toward the eccentricity accommodating member by a second spring, a slide member being interposed between the first spring and eccentricity accommodating member to permit sliding of said eccentricity accommodating member, the contact sections of the angular deviation accommodating member and eccentricity accommodating member being formed such as to permit swinging of the angular deviation accommodating member, the biasing force of the first spring belt set to be lower than the biasing force of the second spring.

Abstract: An explosion-proof type electro-displacement converter device comprising a cylindrical first yoke attached through a permanent magnet which is at the center of the bottom of a bowl-shaped second yoke, an exciter coil winding supported elastically by springs and arranged in the magnetic path formed between the yokes, the opening of the bowl-shaped yoke is sealed by a sealing means, and an output stem linked with the exciter coil winding and projecting, leaving an explosion-proof gap, through an opening which penetrates through the bowl-shaped yoke or the sealing means.