Abstract: 3-Isochromanome is prepared by reacting an o-xylene-&agr;,&agr;′-dihalide with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a metal catalyst such that the pH of the reaction is maintained between about 7 and 11.

Abstract: The invention relates to quinazoline derivatives of formula (I) wherein: Z represents —O—, —NH— or —S—; m is an integer from 1 to 5; R1 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, halogeno, nitro, trifluorometlyl, cyano, C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxy, C1-3alkylthio or NR5R6 (wherein R5 and R6, which may be the same or different, each represents hydrogen or C1-3alkyl); R2 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, halogeno, methoxy, amino, or nitro; R3 represents hydroxy, halogeno, C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxy, C1-3alkanoyloxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano, amino or nitro; X1 represents —O—, —CH2—, —S—, —SO—, SO2—, —NR6—, NR8CO—, —CONR9—SO2NR10— or —NR11SO2—, (wherein R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 each represents C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxyC2-3alkyl); R4 represents a group which is alkenyl, alkynyl or optionally substituted alkyl, which alkyl group may contain a heteroatom linking group, which alkenyl, alkynyl or al

Abstract: The invention concerns pharmacologically useful peptide derivatives of the formula (I): P-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-AA5-AA6-AA7-AA8-Q, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein either AA3 together with AA4, or AA4 together with AA5, or AA6 together with AA7 form a group of formula (II): in which Ra is selected from hydrogen and (1-4C)alkyl, and the remainder of AA1, AA2, AA3, AA4, AA5, AA6, AA7, and AA8 are L-amino acid residues; P is a hydrophobic residue; and Q is OH, NH2 or NRcRd. The invention further concerns processes for the manufacture of the novel peptide derivatives and the use of the compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them, in treating MHC class II dependent T-cell mediated autoimmllne or inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: Oil is extracted from oil containing microorganisms by disintegrating the microorganisms and contacting them in the presence of a water content of at least 70% by weight of that originally present in the cellular material with a water immiscible solvent for the oil, separating the solvent from the microorganisms and recovering the oil from the solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of formula (I): wherein A represents a bidentate group of formula —CH2—X—CH2— (wherein X is methylene, sulfur or oxygen), X′C═CY or X′WC—CYZ (wherein X′, W, Y and Z are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkylsilyloxy, cyano or halogen, or X′ and W or Y and Z together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl group), provided that A is not CH2—CH2; Ar is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system containing from 1 to 3 heteroatoms individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms, and at least one unsaturation (double bond) between adjacent atoms in the ring, said heterocyclic ring being optionally fused to a benzene ring; aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkenyl, aralkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanesulfonyl, arenesulfonyl, alkanyloxycarbonyl, aralkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl, ca

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I): wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl wherein the substutuents, if present, are selected from halogen atoms, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, alkylthio and alkyl amino groups; R represents hydrogen or cyano or a group selected from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkenyl, aralkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanesulfonyl, arenesulfonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, aralkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl, carbamyl, dithiocarboxyl or XR3 (where X represents oxygen or a group NR4); R3 and R4 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkenyl, aralkenyl, alkynyl, heterocyclylalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or carboxylic acyl each of which may be optionally substituted; R1 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, nitro, isocyanato, acylamino, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, halohydroxyalkyl, aralky

Abstract: Male sterility is imparted to a plant by a cascade of gene sequences which expresses a protein which disrupts the biosynthesis of viable pollen. Expression of the disrupter protein is restricted to male parts of the plant by an upstream promoter sequence which is specific to male flowers, the male specific promoter being under control of an operator sequence. The cascade also includes a gene encoding a repressor protein specific for that operator. Expression of the repressor protein is under control of a chemically inducible promoter which is inducible by the application to the plant by, spraying or like process, of an exogenous chemical. In the absence of the exogenous chemical inducer, no repressor protein is expressed, resulting in expression of the disrupter protein and, consequently, male sterility.

Abstract: A fungicidal compound having general formula (I) or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein A is CH or N, B is OCH3 or NHCH3, R1 is H, chloro or methyl and R2 is H, fluoro, chloro or methyl.

Abstract: A process for resolution of a mixture of dihydroxydihydroindene enantiomers comprising treating the mixture of enantiomers with a Pseudomonas putida species microorganism.Resolved dihydroxydihydroindenes are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Abstract: A process for preparing agrochemical intermediates of formula (I), wherein W is (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 CH.CHCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3 O.CH.dbd.CCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; Z.sup.1 is a halogen atom; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alky, C alkoxy, acetoxy or acyl; the process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a compound of formula (II), wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined above, with a compound of formula ROCH.sub.3, wherein R is a metal; and, (b) reacting the product of (a) with a compound of formula (III), wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are halogen atoms. A process for the preparation of compounds of formula (II) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (11) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (11) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for preparing (S)-4-{[3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-2-oxazolidinone which comprises: a) forming a carbamate of formula (III), from methyl 4-nitro-(L)-phenylalaninate hydrochloride; b) reducing the compound of formula (III) to give the compound of formula (IV); c) reducing the methyl ester grouping in the compound of formula (IV) to give the compound of formula (V); d) ring closure of the compound of formula (V) to give the compound of formula (VI); e) diazonium salt formation from the compound of formula (VI) followed by reduction to give the compound of formula (VII); f) Fischer reaction of the compound of formula (VIl) to give (S)-4-{[3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-5-yl]methyl}-2-oxazolidinone.

Abstract: 4,6-Dichloropyrimidine is prepared by treating 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine with a chlorinating agent of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 PCl.sub.2 wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently alkyl or aryl, or one or more of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is linked to a polymer support. Conveniently, the chlorinating agent may be prepared in situ by reacting the corresponding phosphine oxide with phosgene. Thus, in a preferred process, 4,6-dichloropyrimidine is prepared by treating 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine with phosgene in the presence of a phosphine oxide.

Abstract: 5-Chloro-2-(4,4-difluorobutylthio)thiazole is prepared from 2-mercaptotriazole by a multistep process involving S-alkylation, chlorination and dehydrochlorination and is converted by oxidation to the corresponding sulfone which is useful as an agricultural nematicide.

Abstract: A process for preparing (E)-methyl 2-[2-(6-(-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methoxypropenoate comprising contacting (E)-methyl 2-[2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methoxypropenoate or methyl 2-[2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3,3-dimethoxypropanoate with 2-cyanophenate anions, the process being conducted in the absence of copper or a copper salt and in the absence of N,N-dimethylformamide. The 2-cyanophenate anions are generated in situ by reacting 2-cyanophenol with an alkali metal carbonate.

Abstract: The capacity of a plant to produce fatty acids is modulated by controlling the expression of a gene specifying the acetyl CoA carboxylase biotin carboxyl carrier protein. Modulation may comprise increasing the expression of the gene by insertion of additional copies into the genome or inhibiting expression by insertion of an antisense or cosuppression vector directed against the endogenous gene.

Abstract: Phthalocyanine compounds of Formula (1) have utility as colorants in inks for ink-jet printing, where Formula (1) represents: ##STR1## in which: M represents a metal or H;Pc represents a phthalocyanine nucleus; andR.sup.1 represents H or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.3 ; R.sup.2 represents(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.3 ; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent a 5 or 6-membered ring; where:n is independently an integer from 1 to 30; andR.sup.3 is independently a group selected from hydroxy, sulpho, cyano, --SR.sup.4, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.5, --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 and --NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ; where:R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently represent H, C.sub.1-30 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from hydroxy, mercapto, sulpho, carboxy, cyano and --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 ;v is the valence of Pc divided by the valence of M;x is from 1.2 to 3.8;y is from 0.1 to 2.7;z is from 0.1 to 2.7; andx, y and z satisfy 2.ltoreq.x+y+z.ltoreq.4.

Abstract: Antimicrobial proteins are isolated from seeds of Impatiens, and show a wide range of antifungal activity and some antibacterial activity. DNA encoding the proteins is isolated and incorporated into vectors. Plants transformed with this DNA are produced. The invention further provides a method of expressing polyproteins in transgenic plants using DNA constructs based on the structure of the gene encoding the Impatiens antimicrobial proteins.

Abstract: Microcapsules containing a biologically active material which is sensitive to ultraviolet light are prepared which contain an ultraviolet light protectant selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and mixtures thereof, suspended and thoroughly dispersed in a liquid.

Abstract: A method is presented for spray-drying whole microorganisms of Fusarium lateritium, Methylophilus methylotrophus, and Pseudomonas putida under conditions that the activity of cyanide hydratase, amidase and D-2-haloalkanoic acid halidohydrolase respectively are retained.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of a metal from an organic complex thereof, said method comprising treating the complex with a weakly acid aqueous solution of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium chloride having a chloride content of at least 4 molar whereby said complex is decomposed and metal ions are transferred to the aqueous solution.