Abstract: A mechanism is provided in a data processing system for automatically generating question and answer pairs for training a question answering system for a given domain. The mechanism receives user input of question text for a question to be submitted to a question answering system in a user interface. The mechanism determines a question strength score for the question text. The question strength score represents a likelihood the question text will result in a correct answer with high confidence. The mechanism presents a graphical representation of the question strength score in the user interface.

Abstract: An electrical resistor element, system, and method related thereto, wherein the electrical resistor element includes a tunable resistance. The electrical resistor element comprises a first contact electrode, a second contact electrode and a ferroelectric layer arranged between the first contact electrode and the second contact electrode. The ferroelectric layer comprises a first area having a first polarization direction and a second area having a second polarization direction. The first polarization direction is different to the second polarization direction. The ferroelectric layer further comprises a domain wall between the first area and the second area. The electrical resistor element further comprises a first pinning element configured to stabilize the first polarization direction of the ferroelectric layer.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrical transmission structure that includes forming an opening through an interlevel dielectric layer to expose at least one electrically conductive feature and forming a shield layer on the opening. A gouge is formed in the electrically conductive feature through the opening using a subtractive method during which the shield layer protects the interlevel dielectric layer from being damaged by the subtractive method. A contact is formed within the opening in electrical communication with the at least one electrically conductive feature.

Abstract: A process includes forming a bio-derived crosslinking material from biorenewable aconitic acid. The process includes initiating a chemical reaction to form a bio-derived crosslinking material that includes multiple functional groups. The chemical reaction includes converting each carboxylic acid group of a biorenewable aconitic acid molecule to one of the multiple functional groups.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method, including: capturing at least one image of an object that is of interest to a user; identifying and capturing an environmental context of the object, wherein the environmental context (i) identifies a plurality of features of the environment surrounding the object, and (ii) comprises context captured from different modalities; storing the at least one image and the environmental context of the object, wherein the storing comprises indexing the object within the remote storage location using the identified features of the environment; receiving a request for the at least one image of the object; accessing the remote storage location and retrieving the at least one image of the object, wherein the retrieving comprises (i) searching for the at least one of the plurality of features and (ii) retrieving the at least one image of an object; and displaying the at least one image.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for generating a visual and tactile representation of a plurality of flexed pages associated with a set of data and presented on a graphical display. The graphical display may sense a plurality of flexural states and model respective tactile gradients according to the plurality of flexural states. For a flexural state meeting a set of criteria, the tactile gradient may be applied to the graphical display by distributing a selective volume contained with the graphical display.

Abstract: A method of managing lifelong learner events on a blockchain includes detecting an event related to a learner using a blockchain-enabled digital learning system, determining a concern/risk level of the learner by performing a risk assessment, determining parameters to generate a transaction related the learner's event based on the parameters and the concern/risk level, determining the values of the parameters by measuring the value or importance of the event and its associated metadata and documents, generating a list of transactions corresponding to the parameters, and validating the transactions using validating distributed peer-to-peer devices that run one or more chaincodes related to the management of the lifelong learner events.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for accessing a network by one or more client devices via a plurality of access devices of wireless type. An access device receives a hand-over request for performing a hand-over from one of the client devices accessing the network via the access device, the hand-over request comprising an indication of one or more candidate access devices of the other access devices for performing the hand-over. The hand-over between the access device and a target access device of the candidate access devices is negotiate in response to the hand-over request. A further hand-over is negotiate of a further client device accessing the network via a source one of the other access devices between the access device and the source access device. The access device enables the further client device to access the network.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, computer program product, and computing system is provided for switching between software agents. A first software agent communicatively coupled to a host device and at least one server may be identified. A configuration file associated with the first software agent may be transformed for operation with a second software agent. The first software agent may be switched to the second software agent in response to transforming the configuration file associated with the first software agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of microelectronics, and more particularly to a structure and method of forming a biosensor having a nucleotide attracting surface formed to reduce false detection of nucleotides and enabling electrical detection of nucleotides. The biosensor may include an analyte-affinity layer on an upper surface of a substrate. A conductive layer may extend a length of the substrate below and in contact with the analyte-affinity layer. The conductive layer may be electrically connected to one or more transistors. The analyte-affinity layer may have dimensions tailored for a target analyte. A distance between a first analyte-affinity layer and a second analyte-affinity layer may range from approximately 50% of a length of a target analyte to approximately 300% of a length of a target analyte. The analyte-affinity layer may have an upper surface with a diameter ranging from approximately 3 nm to approximately 20 nm.

Abstract: Position data may gradually pseudonymized by a method, comprising: generating a sequence of relative positions from a sequence of absolute positions of a moving object; randomizing the sequence of relative positions using at least a sequence of random numbers generated from at least one seed; in response to receiving an analytical job comprising the at least one seed, restoring the sequence of relative positions from the randomized sequence of relative positions; and in response to receiving an analytical job comprising both the at least one seed and at least one absolute position derived from the sequence of absolute positions, restoring the sequence of absolute positions from the randomized sequence of relative positions.

Abstract: Data indicating current driving characteristics of a driver driving a vehicle can be received in real time. A driving profile for the driver can be determined based on the data. The driving profile can be categorized into a driving pattern category. A plurality of candidate travel routes for the driver to reach an intended destination can be identified and, for each of the candidate travel routes, a plurality of route segments can be identified. Based on the driving pattern category, a probability that the current driving characteristics of the driver will cause a traffic accident can be determined for each of the plurality of route segments. Route segments for which the probability that the current driving characteristics of the driver will cause the traffic accident exceeds a threshold value can be determined. A notification can be communicated to the driver or vehicle indicating such probability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for operating access to a cache memory via an effective address comprising a tag field and a cache line index field. The method comprises: splitting the tag field into a first group of bits and a second group of bits. The line index bits and the first group of bits are searched in the set directory. A set identifier is generated indicating the set containing the respective cache line of the effective address. The set identifier, the line index bits and the second group of bits are searched in the validation directory. In response to determining the presence of the cache line in the set based on the second searching, a hit signal is generated.

Abstract: Adjusting runtime performance includes receiving a first input file of a software application, where the software application utilizes a first software architecture. Embodiments include analyzing the first input file, including identifying dependencies for a secondary platform. Embodiments include identifying dependencies for the first software architecture, and a first set of code transformation rules based on the identified dependencies. Embodiments include generating code, based on the first set of transformation rules, where the runtime profile contains data regarding first characteristics of the first input file, the generated code allowing the first input file to utilize the second software architecture. Embodiments include identifying a second set of code transformation rules based on the identified dependencies.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor structure includes forming a plurality of fins over a top surface of a substrate, and forming one or more vertical transport field-effect transistors from the plurality of fins, the plurality of fins providing channels for the one or more vertical transport field-effect transistors. The method also includes forming a gate stack for the one or more vertical transport field-effect transistors surrounding at least a portion of the plurality of fins, the gate stack including a gate dielectric formed over the plurality of fins, a work function metal layer formed over the gate dielectric, and a gate conductor formed over the work function metal layer. The gate stack comprises a box profile in an area between at least two adjacent ones of the plurality of fins.

Abstract: The method includes prior to depositing a gate on a first vertical FET on a semiconductor substrate, depositing a first layer on the first vertical FET on the semiconductor substrate. The method further includes prior to depositing a gate on a second vertical FET on the semiconductor substrate, depositing a second layer on the second vertical FET on the semiconductor substrate. The method further includes etching the first layer on the first vertical FET to a lower height than the second layer on the second vertical FET. The method further includes depositing a gate material on both the first vertical FET and the second vertical FET. The method further includes etching the gate material on both the first vertical FET and the second vertical FET to a co-planar height.

Abstract: Techniques for optimizing junctions of a gate-all-around nanosheet device are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a nanosheet device includes: forming an alternating series of first/second nanosheets including a first/second material as a stack on a wafer; forming a dummy gate(s) on the stack; patterning the stack into a fin stack(s) beneath the dummy gate(s); etching the fin stack(s) to selectively pull back the second nanosheets in the fin stack(s) forming pockets in the fin stack(s); filling the pockets with a strain-inducing material; burying the dummy gate(s) in a dielectric material; selectively removing the dummy gate(s) forming a gate trench(es) in the dielectric material; selectively removing either the first nanosheets or the second nanosheets from the fin stack(s); and forming a replacement gate(s) in the gate trench(es). A nanosheet device is also provided.

Abstract: A self-learning cycle timer is disclosed. A wait time is measured between a first indication, associated with a stop, and a second indication, associated with movement following the stop, each indication received from a smart device. A geolocation is received from the smart device and a traffic signal identified at the geolocation. The traffic signal's area of influence is determined. The wait time is determined to have occurred inside the area of influence. An average cycle time and a reference time associated with the traffic signal are retrieved from a database. A cycle time associated with the traffic signal is calculated according to the wait time and the reference time. The average cycle time is updated according to the calculated cycle time.

Abstract: A mashup widget can include a widget component and a widget container. The widget container can be graphically rendered within widget defined boundaries of a mashup application. The widget component can detect an externally defined video file. The video file can have a native frame size, which is a frame size at which the video file is encoded. The video file can be loaded from a remote data source over an IP network. The native frame size of the video file can be determined. The defined boundaries of an embedded multimedia application can be dynamically adjusted to the native size. The defined boundaries of the widget container can be resized to accommodate the adjusted embedded multimedia application. The video can be rendered and presented within in the adjusted widget container.

Abstract: A method includes initiating a power on sequence of a computer equipment including a plurality of sensors at a serviceable location within a component of the computer equipment, the plurality of sensors communicating with a sensor monitor coupled with an interlock mechanism, and a service console capable of communicating with the sensor monitor, receiving feedback data from the plurality of sensors during the power on sequence, each of the plurality of sensors is detecting a physical condition at the serviceable location, determining whether the feedback data exceeds a predefined threshold value, the feedback data exceeding the predefined threshold value is associated with a fault at a serviceable location, in response to the feedback data exceeding the predefined threshold value, logging the fault at the serviceable location, aborting the power on sequence of the equipment, and prompting an equipment servicer of the fault at the serviceable location.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method improves security in a blockchain network of devices, which supports a blockchain, by protecting security, privacy, financial fairness, and secure transfer of identity assets. An identity asset provider device creates an identity asset related to an entity. The identity asset provider also creates a provider key, which is composed of multiple bits, and which is needed to decrypt an encrypted version of the identity asset. The identity asset provider device transmits the provider key bit-by-bit to an identity asset consumer device. A price for the provider key depends on how many bits have been transmitted to the identity asset consumer device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method of forming a memory element pillar. The method includes forming memory element stack layers, forming a conductive cap layer over the memory element stack layers, forming a conductive seal layer over the cap layer, and forming a conductive etch stop layer over the conductive seal layer, wherein the conductive etch stop layer comprises a substantially planar surface. A hardmask is formed over the substantially planar surface of the conductive etch stop layer, wherein the hardmask defines dimensions of the memory element pillar.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for hiding overheads on a parallel computing platform. The computer-implemented method includes loading a first kernel overhead and a second kernel overhead in a queue of a second thread, and loading a dummy kernel overhead between the first and second kernel overheads in the queue of second thread. The computer-implemented method further includes loading a waiting process in the queue of a first thread, the waiting process remaining active until a previous kernel of the first and second kernel overheads ends. The computer-implemented method furthers include allocating memory copy overheads related to the previous kernel in the queue of the first thread and allocating a stop process in the queue of the first thread, the stop process configured to stop a dummy kernel, the dummy kernel related to the dummy kernel overhead.

Abstract: Superconducting device applications implemented with two surface acoustic wave resonators coupled to a Josephson ring modulator are provided. A method can include receiving, by a unitary Josephson mixer and from a first superconducting surface acoustic wave resonator of a superconducting device, a first surface acoustic wave signal that comprises one or more phonons that resonate at a first frequency, and receiving, by the unitary Josephson mixer and from a radio frequency source operatively coupled to the unitary Josephson mixer, a radio frequency control signal. The method can also include mixing the first surface acoustic wave signal and the radio frequency control signal and outputting a second surface acoustic wave signal based on mixing the first surface acoustic wave signal and the radio frequency control signal. The second surface acoustic wave signal can comprise one or more phonons that resonate at a second frequency.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer program products for determining software complexity. A plurality of versions of a software module whose complexity is to be determined are compressed. Lengths of the compressed versions are compared, one with another, to provide complexity metrics.

Abstract: Embodiments for automatic log collection of an automated data storage library by a processor. A snapshot of one or more error logs, service logs, accessor logs, and data logs is captured in the automated data storage library upon detection of an occurrence of a triggering event within the automated data storage library. The snapshot of the one or more logs in the automated data storage library is stored.

Abstract: Modifying augmented reality viewing is provided. It is determined that a user is viewing a scene space via augmented reality at a current geographic location of the user. It is detected that the viewing of the scene space is suboptimal for the user based on at least one of overcrowding of the viewed scene space at the current geographic location and significant battery usage to support augmented reality processing. Priority of one or more masks associated with the viewing of the scene space by the user is determined based on a user profile. The one or more masks associated with the viewing of the scene space are implemented based on the current geographic location of the user and the user profile. The one or more masks indicate that a portion of the viewed scene space is not to be processed for the viewing of the scene space via augmented reality.

Abstract: Table of Contents (TOC)-setting instructions are replaced in code with TOC predicting instructions. A determination is made as to whether code includes an instruction sequence to compute a value of a pointer to a reference data structure, such as a TOC. Based on determining the code includes the instruction sequence, the instruction sequence in the code is replaced with a set instruction. The set instruction predicts the value of the pointer to the reference data structure.

Abstract: A method of searching for videos includes receiving, by a computer device, a search query from a user computer device. The method also includes determining, by the computer device, a set of videos that satisfy the search query. The method further includes determining, by the computer device, a subset of related videos from the set using metadata to determine a relationship based on date, time, and location. The method additionally includes generating, by the computer device, a consolidated video from the subset of related videos by merging a first portion of a first one of the subset of related videos with a second portion of a second one of the subset of related videos.

Abstract: Processing automation scripts used for testing pages includes running the automation scripts using a processor, searching for an element on the page according to locating information in an instruction of the automation scripts, collecting element-related information of the element in response to finding of the element on the page according to the locating information, and associating the collected element-related information of the element with the instruction of the automation scripts. The element-related information associated with the instruction is saved.

Abstract: Arrangements relate to determining a travel route. An origin and a destination of intended travel can be received. A plurality of first inputs can be received. Each first input can relate to the availability of a respective communication channel between the origin and the destination. Each first input can create at least one data item representing the availability of the respective communication channel. One or more suggested travel routes between the origin and the destination can be determined based on one or more of the received plurality of first inputs. At least a subset of the determined one or more suggested travel routes can be presented to a user.

Abstract: Neural network classification may be performed by inputting a training data set into each of a plurality of first neural networks, the training data set including a plurality of samples, obtaining a plurality of output value sets from the plurality of first neural networks, each output value set including a plurality of output values corresponding to one of the plurality of samples, each output value being output from a corresponding first neural network in response to the inputting of one of the samples of the training data set, inputting the plurality of output value sets into a second neural network, and training the second neural network to output an expected result corresponding to each sample in response to the inputting of a corresponding output value set.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for fabricating a metal-insulator-metal capacitor within an interconnect structure (e.g., back-end-of-line interconnect structure) to provide capacitive decoupling between positive and negative power supply voltage lines of a power distribution network. Various via contact configurations including interlevel via contacts and truncated via contacts are utilized to connect the metal-insulator-metal capacitor electrodes to power supply voltage lines of the power distribution network to provide an array of high-density, low resistance via contact connections at various locations across the capacitor electrodes to reduce the resistance of the metal-insulator-metal capacitor and, thus, enhance the transient response time and increase the cutoff frequency of the metal-insulator-metal capacitor.

Abstract: A federated gateway bridges service definition formatting differences between a first and a second independent enterprise information technology (IT) management domain. A service request is received within the federated gateway from a service consumer application executing within the first independent enterprise IT management domain to a remote service provider application in the second independent enterprise IT management domain. The federated gateway dynamically performs real-time service call translation during transmission of the service request from a local service definition format to a remote service definition format defined respectively within the first and second independent enterprise IT management domains.

Abstract: An instruction to perform a conditional branch to an indirectly specified location is executed. A branch address is obtained from a location in memory, the location in memory designated by the instruction. A determination is made, based on a condition code of another instruction, whether a branch is to occur, and a branch to the branch address is performed, based on determining the branch is to occur.

Abstract: Efficiently generating effective address translations for memory management test cases including obtaining a first set of EAs, wherein each EA comprises an effective segment ID and a page, wherein each effective segment ID of each EA in the first set of EAs is mapped to a same first effective segment; obtaining a set of virtual address corresponding to the first set of EAs; translating the first set of EAs by applying a hash function to each virtual address in the set of virtual addresses to obtain a first set of PTEG addresses mapped to a first set of PTEGs; and generating a translation for a second set of EAs to obtain a second set of PTEG addresses mapped to the first set of PTEGs.

Abstract: Automated evaluation and reporting of microservice regulatory compliance during development and operation are provided. The method includes parsing, by a natural language parser, the set of regulations for which microservice compliance is to be evaluated, and generating an ontology including attributes, rules and policies obtained from parsing the set of regulations. A rules engine is created according to the ontology. The rules engine includes compliance rules, and an application program interface (API) that allows responses to compliance queries derived from one or more of the compliance rules. The rules engine receives responses to the compliance queries, with the microservice being instrumented with a message queue invocation as one or more annotations to facilitate processing the compliance queries. The rules engine generates a regulation-compliance report for the microservice based on the received responses to the compliance queries.

Abstract: A neuromorphic memory circuit including a programmable resistive memory element, an axon LIF pulse generator to generate an axon LIF pulse, a back propagation pulse generator to generate a back propagation pulse, a postsynaptic capacitor configured to build up a forward propagation LIF charge over time, and a presynaptic capacitor configured to build up a back propagation LIF charge over time. A first transistor activates a first discharge path from the postsynaptic capacitor through the programmable resistive memory element when the axon LIF pulse generator generates the axon LIF pulse. A second transistor activates a second discharge path from the presynaptic capacitor through the programmable resistive memory element when the back propagation pulse generator generates the back propagation pulse.

Abstract: A method for parallelization of a numeric optimizer includes detecting an initialization of a numeric optimization process of a given function. The method computes a vector-distance between an input vector and a first neighbor vector of a set of neighbor vectors. The method predicts, using the computed vector-distance, a subset of the set of neighbor vectors. The method pre-computes, in a parallel processing system, a set of evaluation values in parallel, each evaluation value corresponding to one of the subset of the set of neighbor vectors. The method detects a computation request from the numeric optimization process, the computation request involving at least one of the set of evaluation values. The method supplies, in response to receiving the computation request, and without performing a computation of the computation request, a parallelly pre-computed evaluation value from the set of evaluation values to the numeric optimization process.

Abstract: A network driven actuator mapping agent is provided. A system includes a sensor configured to sense an event in a first environment. The system also includes an actuator configured to perform an action in a second environment. Moreover, the system further includes a mapping manager configured to map the sensed event to the actuator to provide a custom interaction in the second environment.

Abstract: An electronic-discovery system and method, wherein content items and hold anchors are stored in a repository, tracking objects and representational anchor objects are stored in a database system, and the tracking objects represent the content items and the representational anchor objects represent the hold anchors. A first hold anchor is used for placing a hold on the content items for a first defined period of time, and a first representational anchor object and one or more of the tracking objects are used for representing and tracking the holds for the first defined period of time. When the first defined period of time expires, a second hold anchor is used for placing the hold on the content items for a second defined period of time, and a second representational anchor object and the tracking objects are used for representing and tracking the holds for the second defined period of time.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method configured to train a system to be able to provide answers to questions that do not have a direct relationship established in a database.

Abstract: Automated detection of septal defects in cardiac computed tomography images is provided. In various embodiments, a blood pool is extracted from a CTA image of a heart. The blood pool is determined to be a left pool. A septal curve of the left pool is extracted. A plurality of features of the septal curve is determined. The heart is classified as having an atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or no defect based on the plurality of features.

Abstract: The subject disclosure relates generally to a method of implementing magnetic shielding walls with specific respective dimensions to reduce crosstalk between transmission lines in wire-bonds for supercomputing chipsets. In one embodiment, the device comprises: a chip-set comprised of superconducting materials; at least one superconducting data line attached to chip-set dies by a set of wire bonds; and magnetic shielding walls that respectively isolate the set of wire bonds.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a computer-implemented method. According to the method, a series of valid control codes for a calibration stage in a channel corresponding to a plurality of calibration cycles are acquired from the calibration logic. The acquired valid control codes are analyzed to obtain changing characteristics for the calibration stage in the channel. The calibration logic for the calibration stage in the channel is adjusted in one or more subsequent calibration cycles based on the changing characteristics.

Abstract: Race car settings (e.g., Formula 1 engine mix settings) are developed for particular racing goals such as faster lap time, better acceleration, less vehicle wear, etc., using pattern templates that are derived from historical racing scenarios. The historical scenarios provide data on racing settings, racing results, and racing conditions such as squad information, equipment information, and environmental information. A cognitive (deep question answering) system can select an initial pattern template based on current racing conditions, and present suggested vehicle settings to the user (driver) using the initial pattern template. The driver can select from different candidate values for various factors, which may lead to the presentation of additional suggestions or the use of additional pattern templates. The final settings map is created based on the employed pattern templates and the driver selections.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a DEFLATE compression accelerator and to a method for reducing a latch count required for symbol sorting when generating a dynamic Huffman table. The accelerator includes an input buffer and a Lempel-Ziv 77 (LZ77) compressor communicatively coupled to an output of the input buffer. The accelerator further includes a Huffman encoder communicatively coupled to the LZ77 compressor. The Huffman encoder includes a bit translator. The accelerator further includes an output buffer communicatively coupled to the Huffman encoder.

Abstract: A method for forming contacts on a semiconductor device includes depositing conductive material in one or more trenches and over an etch stop layer to a height above the etch stop layer, patterning a resist on the conductive material with shapes over one or more source/drain regions in the one or more trenches, and forming one or more trench lines in the one or more trenches and one or more self-aligned contacts below the shapes, including subtractively etching the conductive material to remove the conductive material from over the etch stop layer and to recess the conductive material into the one or more trenches without the shapes.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide devices that generate an array in a first memory of a first programming language that includes an element of each object of a plurality of objects, wherein the array includes a plurality of items, and each item of the array includes the element of a corresponding object, copy the array in the first memory of the first programming language to a second memory of a second programming language, and generate each of the objects in the second programming language from the copied array.

Abstract: A method for generating physical design layout patterns includes selecting as training data one or more physical design layout patterns of integrated multi-layers for features in at least two layers of a given patterned structure. The method also includes converting the physical design layout patterns into three-dimensional arrays, a given three-dimensional array comprising a set of two-dimensional arrays each representing features of one layer of the layers in a given one of the physical design layout patterns. The method further includes training, utilizing the three-dimensional arrays, a generative adversarial network (GAN) comprising a discriminator neural network and a generator neural network. The method further includes generating synthetic three-dimensional arrays utilizing the generator neural network of the trained GAN, a given synthetic three-dimensional array comprising a set of two-dimensional arrays each representing features for a new layer of a new physical design layout pattern.