Abstract: A method for preventing unauthorized access to a filesystem begins by configuring a data table in association with the filesystem. The table comprises a set of metadata for each application registered to access the filesystem. A filesystem driver uses information in the table to manage access to the filesystem. In particular, and in response to receipt of a filesystem access initiated by a requesting application, the driver first verifies the integrity of the data table. If table integrity is verified, the driver then determines whether the requesting application is registered in the data table and is permitted to have access to the filesystem using the particular metadata included in the data table when the application was registered. If evaluation of the set of metadata establishes that the requesting application is registered and is permitted access, the access is permitted; otherwise, the requesting application access is blocked.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes: receiving a request to mask an input value, and in response to receiving the request, determining a domain size of the input value. A rank score of the input value is also determined. The domain size and the rank score are used to generate a unique value correlated with the input value. Moreover, the unique value is unranked by converting characters of the unique value to create a masked string value. The input value is then replaced with the masked string value.

Abstract: A deposition system includes a deposition source and a scanning stage disposed within a deposition path of the deposition source. The scanning stage includes a support platform configured to support a wafer thereon, and a mechanical actuator coupled to the support platform. The mechanical actuator is configured to translate the support platform with respect to the deposition source. The deposition system includes a proximity mask disposed within the deposition path of the deposition source between the deposition source and the scanning stage, the proximity mask defining a slit. The deposition system includes a controller in communication with the scanning stage, the controller configured to control the mechanical actuator to translate the wafer with respect to the slit such that an angle of deposition remains substantially constant. In operation, the proximity mask prevents deposition source material having a trajectory that is out of alignment with the slit from contacting the wafer.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for simulating industrial safety is provided. The present invention may include receiving data for a physical ecosystem, the physical ecosystem being comprised of a plurality of physical assets. The present invention may include generating a digital twin of the physical ecosystem, wherein the digital twin includes a digital representation of the plurality of physical assets. The present invention may include simulating a performance of the digital twin in a plurality of conditions. The present invention may include providing one or more recommendations to a user based on the performance of the digital twin in the plurality of conditions.

Abstract: Described is a method to provide feedback and status updates during virtual collaborative sessions by monitoring, via a primary device associated with a user, a user status for the user participating in a collaborative session with one or more other users. In response to determining a user status change for the user is detected, the method can determine a response for the user to provide to the one or more other users based on a user profile and a context for the user status change, wherein the status change indicates an unavailability of the user. In response to determining the response is required for the user to provide the one or more other users, the method can send the response to a user device associated with each of the one or more other users.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for managing multiple services in a DBMS. The services respectively are configured to process data that is stored in or is received for being stored in a database managed by the DBMS. The method comprises providing a service manager operatively coupled to the DBMS; registering the multiple services automatically and dynamically at runtime of the DBMS at the service manager; and automatically managing, by the service manager, dependencies between different ones of the multiple registered services.

Abstract: A method for process control using predictive long short term memory includes obtaining historical post-process measurements taken on prior products of the manufacturing process; obtaining historical in-process measurements taken on prior workpieces during the manufacturing process; training a neural network to predict each of the historical post-process measurements, in response to the corresponding historical in-process measurements and preceding historical post-process measurements; obtaining present in-process measurements on a present workpiece during the manufacturing process; predicting a future post-process measurement for the present workpiece, by providing the present in-process measurements and the historical post-process measurements as inputs to the neural network; and adjusting at least one controllable variable of the manufacturing process in response to the prediction of the future post-process measurement.

Abstract: An example system includes a processor to receive a summary of a conversation to be generated. The processor can input the summary into a trained summary-grounded conversation generator. The processor can receive a generated conversation from the trained summary-grounded conversation generator.

Abstract: One or more computer processors receive an address resolution protocol (ARP) request in response to a client connecting to a compute resource. The one or more computer processors identify an internet protocol (IP) address associated with the ARP request and the compute resource. The one or more computer processors determine the compute resource is unavailable or not ready for a connection with the client utilizing the identified IP address. The one or more computer processors, responsive to determining that the compute resource is unavailable, provision and deploy a new compute resource, wherein the new compute resource is available to the client under the identified IP address.

Abstract: Systems and techniques that facilitate quantum circuit valuation are provided. In various embodiments, a system can comprise an input component that can access a first quantum circuit. In various embodiments, the system can further comprise a valuation component that can appraise the first quantum circuit based on one or more factors (e.g., frequency factor, complexity factor, resource factor, similarity factor), thereby yielding a value score that characterizes the first quantum circuit. In various instances, the system can further comprise an execution component that can recommend deployment of the first quantum circuit based on determining that the value score exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for seamlessly adjusting the utilization of computational resources of a computing device. A pattern of usage of computational resources of the computing device over a timeframe is determined. An artificial intelligence model uses such a pattern of usage and/or any identified contextual needs for upgrading or downgrading the computational resources of the computing device to determine the predicted amount of computational resources needed to be utilized by the computing device. Based on such a predicted amount, a blockchain transaction may be initiated and recorded to upgrade/downgrade the computational resources of the computing device.

Abstract: A computer hardware system having an image modification platform includes a hardware processor configured to initiate the following executable operations. A digital image is received by the image modification platform. A plurality of objects within the digital image are detected using an object segmentation engine of the image modification platform. The plurality of objects are classified using an object classification engine of the image modification platform and involve associating a stakeholder, respectively, to at least two of the plurality of objects. A knowledge map for the digital image is generated based upon the classifying and the stakeholders using a knowledge map engine. A set of constraints are identified for each of the plurality of objects based upon the knowledge map and the plurality of stakeholders. A modified digital image to be published is generated by an interactive image generation engine using the sets of constraints.

Abstract: Provided is a method, a computer program product, and a system for associating mathematical functions to numerical text in a natural language sample. The method includes inputting a natural language sample from a text dataset and identifying a numerical text within the natural language sample. The method further includes displaying a mathematical function corresponding to the numerical text to be selected. The mathematical function can be selected via graphical user interface displayed on a computing device. The method also includes receiving and inserting the mathematical function as a feature into a feature vector of the natural language sample and selecting an output label for the natural language sample. The output label relates to the mathematical function selected for the numerical text. The method further includes exporting the natural language sample into a labeled dataset which can be used to train a machine learning model.

Abstract: A computer hardware system includes a machine learning engine and a hardware processor configured to perform the following executable operations. A stake in a software product is converted into feature development tokens to be stored in the digital wallet. A description of a plurality of proposed product features for the software product and previously-stored within a blockchain are forwarded to a usage user via a usage user portal. A plurality of the feature development tokens are allocated, using the usage user portal, to a selected one of the proposed product features. The digital wallet and the blockchain are updated based upon the allocating. An objective analysis is performed on the plurality of proposed product features using the machine learning engine. The blockchain is updated based upon a delivered one of the plurality of the proposed product features.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for generating security response recommendations. In one embodiment, the techniques involve receiving scoring functions, a logical operator selection, a security graph, and external threat intelligence, generating a search pattern based on the scoring functions and the logical operator selection, evaluating the search pattern against a selected node of the security graph to identify a potential security threat represented by the security graph at the selected node, and generating a recommendation based on the evaluation and the external threat intelligence.

Abstract: According to at least one embodiment, a method, a computer system, and a computer program product for handling an unreliable data sink is provided. The present invention may include reading, continuously, via a stream processor, a batch of data entering the stream processor via a reliable input stream, the stream processor comprising a daisy chain of sink nodes, wherein a first sink node is a primary sink node and a subsequent plurality of sink nodes in the daisy chain are fallback sink nodes; outputting processed data to a non-streaming target system; upon completion of the processed data to the non-streaming target system, invoking an asynchronous callback function listing successful and failed record IDs of the processed data; and passing the failed records to a first fallback sink within the daisy chain, while the primary sink node concurrently continues submitting new batches of data to the non-streaming target system.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program for conducting a conversational search. In one embodiment, the method includes monitoring a dialogue involving at least one user and capturing user utterances provided during the dialogue. These user utterances are then analyzed and classified according to the context of the dialogue. The dialogue is intervened upon the determination that a user needs additional information and/or upon execution of an action on behalf of the user and based on the plurality of user utterances and context. The Required information may be provided back to the user using Documentation Recommendation Module. The Documentation Recommendation Module determines a valid resource recommendation as determined by a combination of the context and a resource that includes additional information.

Abstract: A method includes generating a first lock requests, each for transmission to a storage unit, where each first lock request indicates a first encoded data slice. First ballots are received, each of the first ballots corresponds to a storage unit, each of the first ballots indicates a first ranking of first requesting entities that includes the DST processing unit. First election result data is generated based on the first ballots. The first election result data indicates a first winner. When the first winner is the DST processing unit, slice access requests are generated in response to the first election result data indicating that the first winner is the DST processing unit, each for transmission to one of the storage units, where each of the slice access requests indicates the first encoded data slice.

Abstract: Techniques regarding one or more structures that can facilitate automated, multi-stage processing of one or more nanofluidic chips are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can comprise a system, which can comprise a roller positioned adjacent to a microfluidic card comprising a plurality of fluid reservoirs in fluid communication with a plurality of nanofluidic chips. An arrangement of the plurality of nanofluidic chips on the microfluidic card can defines a processing sequence driven by a translocation of the roller across the microfluidic card.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are described for laser annealing of a qubit device using a plurality of optical beams. According to an embodiment, a method of tuning a qubit device can comprise generating an optical beam, splitting the optical beam in a plurality of optical beams, and annealing a Josephson junction of the qubit device by projecting the plurality of optical beams onto a region of the qubit device adjacent to the Josephson junction. The disclosed techniques can also be applied for annealing other types of electrical components of various microscale integrated circuit devices.

Abstract: In a first aspect of the invention, there is a computer-implemented method including: generating, by one or more processors, dependency version information for a target software application, based on activity of a compiler registered with an event handler; generating, by the one or more processors, one or more dependency sections with a dependency list for the target software application, wherein the dependency list incorporates the dependency version information; and building, by the one or more processors, a software package with the one or more dependency sections with the dependency list for the target software application.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for creating a descriptor for a dashboard template. The column-to-visualization mappings are extracted from a dashboard of a created or modified dashboard (or a created or modified dashboard template). Furthermore, the concept combinations from each visualization of the dashboard are extracted. Additionally, topics from the dashboard are extracted. The concept combinations, topics and column-to-visualization mappings are aggregated into a dashboard template descriptor. The dashboard template descriptor is then stored. In this manner, the dashboard template descriptor captures how concept combinations are used in the visualizations of the dashboard as well as how high-level concepts (topics) are incorporated in the dashboard. Furthermore, the dashboard template descriptor captures how the concepts of the columns of a dataset are mapped to the visualizations of the dashboard.

Abstract: A synapse memory and a method for reading a weight value stored in a synapse memory are provided. The synapse memory includes a memory device configured to store a weight value. The memory device includes a read terminal, a write terminal, and a common terminal, the read terminal being configured to receive a read signal, the write terminal being configured to receive a write signal, and the common terminal being configured to output an output signal from the memory device. The synapse memory also includes a write transistor provided between the write terminal of the memory device and a write signal line configured to send the write signal. The synapse memory further includes a common transistor provided between the common terminal of the memory device and one of the dendrite lines.

Abstract: A system, computer program product, and method are provided for jointly learning dictionary based rules and dictionary candidates. Natural language text is received and parsed into subsets, with the subset being subjected to natural language processing to identify one or more verbs within the subset. The identified verbs are evaluated with respect to a dictionary and one or more rules. The evaluation is directed at each predicate in the rules with respect to the identified verbs. A neural network is leveraged to jointly induce modification of the rules and one or more dictionaries responsive to the evaluation.

Abstract: Techniques facilitating frequency allocation in multi-qubit circuits are provided. In one example, a computer-implemented method comprises determining, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, an estimated fabrication yield associated with respective qubit chip configurations by conducting simulations of the respective qubit chip configurations at respective frequency offsets; and selecting, by the device, a qubit chip configuration from among the respective qubit chip configurations based on the estimated fabrication yield associated with the respective qubit chip configurations.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method, computer system, and computer program product for preventing intrusions on a network is provided. The present invention may include generating a sandbox environment responsive to detecting an attacker in the network, wherein the sandbox environment comprises dynamically generated data tailored to the target of the attacker; and moving the attacker to the sandbox environment.

Abstract: An approach to provide a method of joining a semiconductor chip to a semiconductor substrate, the approach includes depositing a nanoparticle paste and aligning each of one or more solder contacts on a semiconductor chip to a substrate bond pad. The approach includes sintering, in a reducing gaseous environment, the nanoparticle paste to connect the semiconductor chip to a semiconductor substrate bond pad.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for managing a workflow of a process includes: generating a recognition model defining objects, conditions of the objects, events, and tasks associated with the events of a process, wherein the tasks are based on changes of the conditions of the objects in the process; receiving configuration documents associated with the process; identifying, based on the recognition model, a defined object, and a defined condition in the configuration documents; identifying, based on the recognition model, a defined event, and a defined task in the configuration documents, wherein identifying the defined task in the configuration documents is further based on identifying a defined change in a condition of the object in the process; configuring a process model of the process based, at least in part, identified defined events and defined tasks over time; and managing a workflow of the process based on the configured process model.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for dynamic cue generation for language learning are provided. The method identifies one or more listener actions for a listener engaged in listening learning. Based on the one or more listener actions, a language level of the listener is determined. A set of prompt metrics are generated based on the language level and the one or more listener actions. A set of audio stream levels is generated based on the set of prompt metrics. The method selects an audio stream level for a listening prompt, where the audio stream level is selected from the set of audio stream levels based on the language level of the listener.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for decision making tasks using a hybrid approach where cooperation between an AI assessor and a human labeler controls automation of the process. In one aspect, a method for hybrid decision making automation includes: monitoring interactions between an AI assistant and a human decision maker; tracking, from the interactions, agreement of the human decision maker with decision predictions made by the AI assistant; determining a predicted performance of data tasks by the AI assistant on unseen data based on the agreement of the human decision maker with the decision predictions over time; and assessing delegation of remaining data tasks on the unseen data to the AI assistant using the predicted performance.

Abstract: A processor can be configured to receive data associated with, and/or access to, a computing system's file system structure. The processor can also be configured to determine file patterns, file path patterns and/or graph patterns associated with the computing system. The processor can also be configured to build a graph structure having nodes and edges, the graph structure representing the file patterns, file path patterns and graph patterns, wherein the nodes of the graph structure represent files and attributes of the files and the edges of the graph structure represent connectivity between the files. The processor can also be configured to train, based on the graph structure, a first machine learning model to learn a feature vector associated with a file. The processor can also be configured to train, based on the feature vector, a second machine learning model to identify a vulnerable ransomware target.

Abstract: Devices and/or methods provided herein relate to providing conversion of photons between an optical domain and a microwave domain. An electronic structure can comprise a resonator assembly comprising a microwave resonator and an optical resonator, an optical pump waveguide that transmits an optical pump input to the resonator assembly, and an optical signal waveguide, separate from the optical pump waveguide, that transmits an optical signal relative to the resonator assembly. The electronic structure further can comprise a microwave signal waveguide that transmits a microwave signal relative to the resonator assembly. The optical pump waveguide can comprise a delay portion that delays receipt of the optical pump input to the resonator assembly through the optical pump waveguide to a time after reduction of a majority of decoherence of the resonator assembly caused by scattering of a portion of the optical pump input, which portion does not enter the optical pump waveguide.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for identifying application programming interface relationships of a product. Entity information for the product is generated. The entity information identifies a plurality of entities of the product, attributes of the entities, and relationships between the entities. The plurality of entities include application programming interfaces of the product and other entities of the product. The entity information is processed by a graph attention network to identify degrees of relationships between the application programming interfaces and the entities of the product.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer program products to facilitate multi-task training a recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) using automatic speech recognition (ASR) information are provided. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a memory that stores computer executable components and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory. The computer executable components can include an RNN-T that can receive ASR information. The computer executable components can include a voice activity detection (VAD) model that trains the RNN-T using the ASR information, where the RNN-T can further comprise an encoder and a joint network. One or more outputs of the encoder can be integrated with the joint network and one or more outputs of the VAD model.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for calibrating a quantum error mitigation technique with appropriate settings. Calibrations of the quantum error mitigation technique corresponding to combinations of noise factors and extrapolation functions that when applied to quantum circuits that represent the target quantum circuit achieve an expectation value that is close to a zero-noise value within a threshold degree of accuracy are saved. A calibration (combination of noise factors and an extrapolation function) is then selected from the saved calibrations based on the depth of the target quantum circuit. The quantum error mitigation technique is then calibrated based on the selected calibration. The calibrated quantum error mitigation technique is then performed on the target quantum circuit. In this manner, a quantum error mitigation technique is automatically calibrated with the appropriate settings to achieve a zero-noise value by the target quantum circuit without requiring multiple iterations.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for a method. The method includes, for each of multiple vertices, generating a vertex weighting representative of a relative importance of a vertex within the network topology. The method also includes, for each of the one or more edges, generating an edge weighting representative of a relative importance of an edge within the network topology. Further, the method includes generating the abstract graph of the network topology based on a plurality of vertex weightings and one or more edge weightings.

Abstract: An approach for optimizing statistical query performance. The approach receives a structured query language set. The approach identifies a first set of parameters associated with the statements of the SQL set. The approach creates a merged SQL statement based on one or more matching parameters of SQL statements in the SQL set. The approach binds a second set of parameters associated with the merged SQL statement to the merged SQL statement. The approach generates a SQL statement based on the merged SQL statement. The approach generates a remote SQL statement based on the SQL statement. The approach executes a commit statement on the remote SQL statement.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe maneuvering a spacecraft using a solar sail when sunlight is not available. Smaller satellites may rely solely on solar sails in order to maneuver to different locations (e.g., different orbits) to adjust for orbital decay, avoid collisions with other satellites, or to avoid space junk. However, solar sails cannot rely on the sun when orbiting on the dark side of a planet (e.g., when in the earth's shadow). When a spacecraft should maneuver but the sun is not available as a power source, the embodiments herein describe identifying other spacecraft within line-of-sight (LOS) of the spacecraft and using these spacecraft to direct lasers (or reflecting sunlight if available) at the spacecraft to maneuver it to a desired path (e.g., a new orbit).

Abstract: In an approach for proactive service group based auto-scaling, a processor collects usage data generated in one or more services in a container platform. A processor predicts access situation and resource utilization of the one or more services based on the usage data. A processor constructs a dynamic correlation topology among the one or more services based on the access situation and resource utilization. A processor identifies associated services correlated with the one or more services based on the dynamic correlation topology. A processor, in response to a service request exceeding a pre-set threshold, expands the one or more services and associated services.

Abstract: One or more systems, devices, computer program products and/or computer-implemented methods of use provided herein relate to facilitating code development by predicting one or more code attributes and/or code portions for use in a project code to be written. A system can comprise a memory that stores computer executable components, and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory, wherein the computer executable components can comprise a dialogue component that generates a query based on a natural language request comprising a code-related attribute, and a prediction component that predicts another attribute or a code portion to satisfy the request. In an embodiment, an input dataset employed to support the influence mapping can comprise time-stamped tuple data comprising a state, an action and a reward. The code-related attribute can at least partially define a project code, of code to be written.

Abstract: Techniques for enhanced calibration and performance of quantum computers are presented. A monitoring job component can execute monitoring jobs on a quantum computer. A modeler component can determine respective quantum computer system state parameter values at a given time based on parameter values at respective time instances, the parameter values determined from output data generated by the quantum computer in response to execution of the monitoring jobs. A calibration agent can determine a calibration strategy relating to ordering of performance of calibration tasks to calibrate at least one parameter associated with the quantum computer based on the quantum computer system state parameter values.

Abstract: A method for migrating virtual machine snapshots to application container platforms is disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method includes migrating, from a virtual machine platform to a volume on a container platform, a base disk file associated with a virtual machine. The base disk file has one or more delta disk files associated therewith, where each delta disk file records changes made to the virtual machine after a snapshot was taken. After migrating the base disk file, the method repeatedly performs the following for each delta disk file: takes a snapshot of the volume on the container platform; migrates the delta disk file from the virtual machine platform to the container platform; and writes the delta disk file to the volume. In certain embodiments, the delta disk files are written to the volume in an order in which they were created on the virtual machine.

Abstract: A method for migrating virtual machine snapshots to application container platforms is disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method includes migrating, from a virtual machine platform to a volume on a container platform, a base disk file associated with a virtual machine. The base disk file has one or more delta disk files associated therewith, where each delta disk file records changes made to the virtual machine after a snapshot was taken. After migrating the base disk file, the method repeatedly performs the following for each delta disk file: takes a snapshot of the volume on the container platform; migrates the delta disk file from the virtual machine platform to the container platform; and writes the delta disk file to the volume. In certain embodiments, the delta disk files are written to the volume in an order in which they were created on the virtual machine.

Abstract: Techniques are presented for physically incapacitating data storage functionality of a computer data storage device for preventing access of data stored on the device. A security breach can be detected of a device housing a component communicable with a computer and where digital data is storable on the component. A mechanism can be activated for physically disabling the component in the device, in response to the detecting of the security breach. The incapacitating of the component can be a result of the mechanism physically contacting the component, in response to the activation of the mechanism, and the incapacitating of the component renders digital data stored on the component unretrievable by a computer.

Abstract: A method for boundary based edge device compliance includes receiving a request to process data and identifying a cluster of edge devices to process the data located within a boundary area. The method includes applying compliance rules to the cluster of edge devices and instructing the cluster of edge devices to perform computations while adhering to the compliance rules associated with the boundary area. In response to determining that a first edge device from the cluster of edge devices is relocating outside of the boundary area, the method includes instructing the first edge device to transfer data to a second edge device from the cluster of edge devices prior to crossing the boundary to adhere to the compliance rules.

Abstract: Embodiments for managing content by one or more processors are described. A content portion associated with a user is detected. A storage scheme for the content portion is selected based on at least one data source associated with utilization of previous content portions by the user. The content portion is caused to be stored on a computing device according to the selected storage scheme.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a computer-implemented method for improving query performance in a databased management system (DBMS) includes receiving, by a query optimizer of the DMBS, a query for execution. The method also includes creating, by the query optimizer, an initial access path for the query based on state and executing the query based on the initial access path. The method further includes observing, by a query agent of the DBMS, the execution of the query and modifying at least one of the state based on a determination by the query agent that a change to the initial access path would improve the execution of the query.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer program products to facilitate generalization of a quantum imaginary time evolution process and simulation by tensor networks are provided. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor that executes computer executable components stored in memory. The computer executable components can comprise a universal component that generalizes a quantum imaginary time evolution process to provide a quantum imaginary time evolution ansatz process. The computer executable components can further comprise a simulation component that applies the quantum imaginary time evolution ansatz process to one or more general multi-body quantum systems.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for synchronizing an unaligned audio stream and a corresponding unaligned video stream of real time streaming media. A non-limiting disclosed method comprises performing, using a video classifier, video reference point classification of a video stream based on an audio-video dataset; performing, using an audio classifier, audio reference point classification of the audio stream based on the audio-video dataset. The system correlates object related reference points in video segments of the video stream and in audio segments of the audio stream to identify a set of audio-video synchronization candidates. The system compares context of the set of audio-video synchronization candidates to identify an audio-video synchronization candidate to synchronize the audio stream and video stream based on reference point alignment.

Abstract: A method, system, computer program product and computer program for managing a storage system, comprising a primary system and a backup system, wherein the backup system is in a copy relationship with the primary system, comprising: in response to a write operation, the write operation comprising first data: calculating a cryptographic value for the first data; scanning a first directory to identify an entry corresponding to the cryptographic value to determine a first set of addresses associated with the write operation; transmitting the first set of addresses to the backup system; and updating the first directory with a first entry for the write operation, the first entry comprising a pointer to the first set of addresses; updating a second directory with a second entry for the write operation, the second entry comprising a pointer to a second set of addresses corresponding to the first set of addresses.