Abstract: A person's drawing capability is used as an authentication credential. During a training phase, a user is asked to hand draw various reference shapes such as a rectangle, flower, etc. These user drawings for a given shape are input to a training discriminator (with an “authentic” label) along with drawings automatically generated from a latent sample (with a “not authentic” label), and the training discriminator computes positive discrimination vectors for this shape that are unique to this user. Thereafter, when the user wants access to a resource (such as an online account, a mobile computing device, or an electronic document), the user is presented with a drawing challenge for one of the reference shapes, and they draw a corresponding challenge image. An image vector for the challenge image is generated, and if the image vector falls within the positive discrimination vectors, access to the resource is granted.

Abstract: One or more embodiments include antimicrobial bandages with nanostructures, formation thereof, and usage thereof to facilitate wound healing. In one embodiment, a bandage apparatus that facilitates healing a wound is provided. The bandage apparatus includes a substrate having an attachment mechanism that facilitates removably attaching the substrate to a part of a body having the wound. The bandage apparatus also includes a nanostructure film provided on a surface of the substrate and configured to contact the wound when the substrate is attached to the part of the body having the wound, wherein the nanostructure film includes a plurality of nanostructures.

Abstract: Techniques regarding star polymers with enhanced antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, a polymer is provided that can comprise a core that can have a singlet oxygen generator and that can generate a singlet oxygen species upon irradiation with light. The polymer can also comprise a plurality of polycarbonate arms covalently bonded to the core. The plurality of polycarbonate arms can be degradable and can comprise a cation. Further, the plurality of polycarbonate arms can have antimicrobial functionality.

Abstract: In an approach for recommending a safe path for people to navigate an environment, a processor generates a contact graph for a user in a group of users in an area, based on a pre-defined distance measurement between the user and another user in a same timestamp during a pre-defined time period. A processor builds a profile for the user based on the contact graph, the profile including a probability model corresponding to the contact graph to estimate an infection probability for the user. A processor calculates an initial route for the user from a first location to a second location in the area. A processor analyzes an infection risk for the user based on the profile and other users within a pre-defined distance to the user in the initial route. A processor updates the initial route based on the analysis to minimize the risk to be infected.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer system a computer program product, and a method that comprises identifying multiple contextual factors within a navigational data based on navigational data containing a plurality of indicative markers, wherein the multiple contextual factors have an impact on a size of the navigational data associated with a navigational path; classifying the identified multiple contextual factors according to a contextual analysis of portions of the navigational path; and generating a microfluidic-based spiral representation of the navigational path for a user interface within a computing device based on a classification of the identified multiple contextual factors associated with the navigational data.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, a computer system and a computer program product. The method, computer system and computer program product including measuring an initial state of a set of SRAM bits on the wafer, identifying a first set of signature SRAM bits on the wafer, of the set of SRAM bits on the wafer, where the first set of SRAM bits comprise a consistent initial state greater than a first threshold percentage of times, measuring physically dimensions of features of the first set of SRAM bits on the wafer; and identifying a set of signature SRAM bits of the first set of SRAM bits on the wafer, wherein the set of signature SRAM bits comprise physical dimensions of features which correlate to the initial state of each correlated SRAM bit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for crop yield estimation by identifying, via image processing, a field in which a crop is grown; identifying a plurality of regions within the field; identifying, by processing growth metrics via a model, a plurality of data collection points in the plurality of regions, wherein a given data collection point of the plurality of data collection points within a given region of the plurality of regions is identified by multivariate analysis as representative of growing conditions in the given region; receiving in-field data linked to the data collection points of the plurality; and predicting a yield for the crop in the field based on the in-field data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for selectively customizing, modifying and changing performance parameters, capabilities and behaviors of AI devices within AI device networks by sharing user-selected portions of a knowledge corpus with other AI device networks. Selectively sharing parameters, learned behaviors, capabilities, and features of the knowledge corpus allows for AI devices within a second AI device network to mimic, clone or recreate the performance or behaviors of AI devices operating within the environment of a first AI device network. Users can create portable nodes that travel with the user and upon connecting with the second device network, identify AI devices that can be modified using the portions of the knowledge corpus to recreate selected portions of the first AI device network within the environment of the second AI device network either permanently or for a user-selected amount of time.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products leveraging digital twin modeling and cognitive computing to predict lubrication replacement for a physical asset. Predictions of lubrication replacement consider one or more various parameters such as operating conditions, usage parameters, the surrounding environment, overall health and state of repair of the physical asset, lubricant properties and historically collected data from the physical asset (or similarly comparable assets). Timing for optimal lubrication replacement is identified using the collected data of the physical asset, along with historical data, to simulate changes in a state of lubricants and lubricated parts within a physical asset using digital twin modeling to make predictions how one or more actions upon the physical asset impact the health, stability and/or longevity of the lubricant's lifespan.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided to implement a bias identification engine that identifies bias in the operation of a trained cognitive computing system. A bias risk annotator is configured to identify a plurality of bias triggers in inputs and outputs of the trained cognitive computing system based on a bias risk trigger data structure that specifies terms or phrases that are associated with a bias. An annotated input and an annotated output of the trained cognitive computing system is received and processed by the bias risk annotator to determine if they comprise a portion of content that contains a bias trigger. In response to at least one of the annotated input or annotated output comprising a portion of content containing a bias trigger a notification is transmitted, to an administrator computing device, that specifies the presence of bias in the operation of the trained cognitive computing system.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and a computer system for improving cached workload management. A host, which is in a system comprising the host and a storage system, obtains information about classes of applications accessing the storage system. The host determines input/output queues dedicated to respective ones of the classes. The storage system creates, in the storage system, cache partitions dedicated to the respective ones of the classes, based on information about classes. The host creates the input/output queues and sets bit flags for respective ones of the input/output queues. The host pumps inputs/outputs coming from the respective ones of the classes to the respective ones of the input/output queues. The storage system directs the input/output queues to respective ones of the cache partitions.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for unoptimized tape drive read detection is disclosed. The computer-implemented includes determining whether a read order of a trio of related files is consistent with an order in which the trio of related files are stored on a magnetic tape media. The computer-implemented method further includes generating an unoptimized tape drive read warning in response to determining that the read order of the trio of related files is inconsistent with the order in which the trio of related files are stored on the magnetic tape media.

Abstract: Neural network classification may be performed by inputting a training data set into each of a plurality of first neural networks, the training data set including a plurality of samples, obtaining a plurality of output value sets from the plurality of first neural networks, each output value set including a plurality of output values corresponding to one of the plurality of samples, each output value being output from a corresponding first neural network in response to the inputting of one of the samples of the training data set, inputting the plurality of output value sets into a second neural network, and training the second neural network to output an expected result corresponding to each sample in response to the inputting of a corresponding output value set.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and/or methods that can facilitate local heating of a superconducting flux biasing loop are provided. According to an embodiment, a method can comprise forming on a substrate a biasing loop and a flux controlled qubit device of a superconducting flux bias circuit. The method can further comprise forming a heating device on the substrate to couple the heating device to the biasing loop.

Abstract: A computer hardware system includes a hardware processor configured to perform the following executable operations. A plurality of application programming interfaces (APIs) available to an organization are discovered. A cognitive classification is performed on the plurality of APIs to generate, for each of the plurality of APIs, an individual API data structure including API attribute information. A request for a particular API having a particular requirement is received via a configuration assistant and from a user. Candidate APIs are identified by generating an API interchangeability index using the individual API data structures and the particular requirement. Auto-rationalization is performed on the candidates APIs to identify a subset of the candidate APIs. The subset of the candidate APIs is presented to the user via the configuration assistant. A selected API is received from the user via the configuration assistant.

Abstract: A method can include obtaining contact data corresponding to a set of contacts of an authorization card. The contact data can indicate a set of engaged contacts among the set of contacts. The method can include obtaining activation data corresponding to a set of predetermined engaged contacts among the set of contacts. The method can include determining, by comparing the contact data to the activation data, that the set of engaged contacts matches the set of predetermined engaged contacts. The method can include changing, in response to the determining, a state of the authorization card from an inactive state to an active state. The method can include permitting, in response to the changing the state, an electronic transfer of authorization data from the authorization card.

Abstract: Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The methods include, for instance: training of a machine learning model for predicting a rating in certain content rating systems based on training data. The machine learning model includes a plurality of maturity classifiers corresponding to individual features of the previously rated contents. An input content is obtained and features of the input content are extracted by use of respective content analysis tools and subsequently classified by the maturity classifiers of the machine learning model.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for training a neural network to capture a structural feature specific to a set of chemical compounds is disclosed. In the method, the computer system reads an expression describing a structure of the chemical compound for each chemical compound in the set and enumerates one or more combinations of a position and a type of a structural element appearing in the expression for each chemical compound in the set. The computer system also generates training data based on the one or more enumerated combinations for each chemical compound in the set. The training data includes one or more values with a length, each of which indicates whether or not a corresponding type of the structural element appears at a corresponding position for each combination. Furthermore, the computer system trains the neural network based on the training data for the set of the chemical compounds.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for training a neural network with augmented data. A dataset comprising a plurality of classes is obtained for training a neural network. Prior to initiation of training, the dataset may be augmented by performing affine transformations of the data in the dataset, wherein the amount of augmentation is determined by a data augmentation variable. The neural network is trained with the augmented dataset. A training loss and a difference of class accuracy for each class is determined. The data augmentation variable is updated based on the total loss and class accuracy for each class. The dataset is augmented by performing affine transformations of the data in the dataset according to the updated data augmentation variable, and the neural network is trained with the augmented dataset.

Abstract: Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for determining available remote storages in a network to use to replicate a file based on a geographical requirement with respect the file. A determination is made as whether available remote storages satisfy constraints associated with a document class of the file. The constraints include a geographical location at which to replicate the file and a minimum number of replications to create for the file. At least one remote storage of the available remote storages is selected that satisfies the constraints to store at least one copy of the file. The file is replicated to the selected at least one remote storage.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for recording changes to records whilst preserving record availability. The method includes one or more processors capturing a change to a record object. The changes include details of the record object to be changed and a change method instruction by which the object is to be changed. The method further includes one or more processors storing a change object as a standalone object and storing the change method instruction and metadata pointing to the record object. The method further includes one or more processors modifying metadata of previous versions of the record object to include a pointer to the change object. The method further includes one or more processors applying the change method instruction to the record object when responding to a retrieve or restore request for the record object.

Abstract: A method, according to one embodiment, includes cycling a shorter length of a tape, that is less than an entire length of the tape, a plurality of times to acclimate the shorter length of the tape. An acclimation change amount of the shorter length of the tape is determined. The acclimation change amount is based on a baseline servo band difference (SBD) measured before the cycling and a post cycling SBD measured after the cycling. The method further includes adjusting SBD values from a beginning of the tape (BOT) to an end of the tape (EOT) based on the determined acclimation change amount. A system according to another embodiment includes a processor, and logic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, or integrated with and executable by the processor. The logic is configured to cause the processor to perform operations of the foregoing method.

Abstract: Selective discharging of a rechargeable battery pack across a power supply system load is provided, which includes determining occurrence of a condition within the power supply system, the power supply system including a power supply circuit and a backup energy source. The power supply circuit receives main input power, and the backup energy source is operatively coupled to the power supply circuit to supply backup power to the system load when main power input to the power supply circuit is unavailable. Based on determining occurrence of the condition within the power supply system, a controller actively discharges a rechargeable battery pack of the backup energy source. The actively discharging includes controlling the power supply circuit to force discharging of power from the rechargeable battery pack to the power supply system load by suspending the main input power within the system from powering the system load.

Abstract: A stacked device is provided. The stacked device includes a reduced height active device layer, and a plurality of lower source/drain regions in the reduced height active device layer. The stacked device further includes a lower interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer on the plurality of lower source/drain regions, and a conductive trench spacer in the lower interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer, wherein the conductive trench spacer is adjacent to one of the plurality of lower source/drain regions. The stacked device further includes a top active device layer adjacent to the lower interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer, and an upper source/drain section in the top active device layer. The stacked device further includes a shared contact in electrical connection with the upper source/drain section, the conductive trench spacer, and the one of the plurality of lower source/drain regions.

Abstract: Described are techniques including a computer-implemented method of aggregating a number of authentication failures from a plurality of connection attempts for an application or a service that services a plurality of clients, where respective authentication failures are detected by evaluating encrypted packets of the plurality of connection attempts. The method further comprises determining that the number of authentication failures is greater than a upper bound number of authentication failures, where the upper bound number of authentication failures is determined by an anomalous function using the plurality of connection attempts as input, where the anomalous function is defined, at least in part, by a Chebyshev's bound and a Chernoff bound. The method further comprises generating an alert indicating a potential credential attack against the application or the service.

Abstract: A processor may automatically generate one or more transcripts based on a media context. The processor may append at least one of the one or more transcripts to the media. The processor may modify the at least one of the one or more transcripts based on an adjustment to a weight factor.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure forms two or more tightly pitched memory devices using a dielectric material for a gap fill material. The approach includes providing two adjacent bottom electrodes in a layer of an insulating material and above a metal layer. Two adjacent pillars are each above one of the two adjacent bottom electrodes where each pillar of the two adjacent pillars is composed of a stack of materials for a memory device. A spacer is around the vertical sides each of the two adjacent pillars. The dielectric material is on the spacer around the vertical sides each of the two adjacent pillars, on the layer of the insulating material between the two adjacent bottom electrodes. The dielectric material fills at least a first portion of a gap between the two adjacent pillars. A low k material covers the dielectric material and exposed portions of the layer of the insulating material.

Abstract: Early exit of a loop is performed. A determination is made as to whether a loop within computer code reaches a fixed point of processing, which is predefined. Based on determining that the loop reaches the fixed point of processing, at least one indication is included in the loop to perform an early exit of the loop prior to a last iteration of the loop.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure may include a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure may include an embedded magnetic random access memory (MRAM) array electrically connected between a bottom metal level and a top metal level. The MRAM array may include a first tier with first MRAM cells and first vias above the first MRAM cells, and a second tier with second MRAM cells and second vias below the second MRAM cells.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods or computer program products to facilitate receiving results of a semantic structured query language (SQL) query and employing sparse hash-table based sketches to interpret a semantic structured query language (SQL) query result. A computing component stores a first space-efficient structure sketch in a compressed serialize form. The computing component can load a second space-efficient data structure sketch along with the first space-efficient data structure sketch and can compute one or more interpretability scores by extracting co-occurrence information from the first space-efficient data structure sketch. The second space-efficient data structure sketch can include a sketch for containment check.

Abstract: Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for configuring and controlling an automated vehicle to perform user specified operations. User vehicle control programs are loaded in an unmanned vehicle to control the unmanned vehicle to perform a user specified operation. The loading the user vehicle control programs replaces base vehicle control programs in the unmanned vehicle. There is communication with the unmanned vehicle to execute the user vehicle control programs to control the unmanned vehicle to perform the user specified operation. The base vehicle control programs are loaded into the unmanned vehicle to replace the user vehicle control programs to return control of the unmanned vehicle to a vehicle provider after performing the user specified operation.

Abstract: Communications are managed and prioritized by a machine learning process in a vehicle with automated driver assistance. It is detected that the vehicle is currently being operated in manual mode by a human driver. It is detected that a telecommunication device located within the vehicle is receiving a communication. The communication is classified according to a priority. The communication is acted upon based on the priority classification. The driver state is assessed at the conclusion of the communication. The vehicle returns to the manual driving mode if the driver state is compatible with the manual driving mode.

Abstract: A processor may receive an input dataset. The input dataset may include a plurality of construction components and one or more performance factors of the building/structure. A processor may generate a digital twin of the building/structure using the input dataset. A processor may simulate, using the digital twin, one or more features of the building/structure. The simulating may include a forecast having one or more predicted conditions associated with the building/structure.

Abstract: A clock comparator sign control is used in a compare operation. A clock comparator sign control that determines whether unsigned arithmetic or signed arithmetic is to be used in a comparing operation is obtained. The clock comparator sign control is then used in a comparison of a value of a clock comparator and at least a portion of a value of a time-of-day clock to determine whether a selected action is to be recognized.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product is provided for computer log management. In one embodiment, in response to receiving a log request from a user, an input content is analyzed and adjusted according to input contents and user's previous activities. A similarity analysis and a fairness analysis is performed to determine similarities between the input content, as adjusted, and a plurality of log records in an object library. The similarity analysis includes analyzing any patterns and attributes. The attributes have a dimension, and each dimension has a predefined weight (W). The fairness analysis ensures that one type of log is not favored over others. A best possible match is then determined, and one or more logs are presented to the user providing the best possible match.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems for improving intent determination in a messaging dialog manager system. The computer-implemented method for improving intent determination in a messaging dialog manager system may include one or more processors configured for receiving first agent entry data corresponding to a first agent communicating in a messaging dialog interface, determining that the first agent entry data expects a response that is within a first response domain, determining that a first user entry entered in the messaging dialog interface is not within the first response domain. Further, the computer-implemented may include identifying a second agent configured with a second response domain that includes the first user entry and transmitting the first user entry to the second agent to facilitate a seamless transition of an established communicational flow between the first agent and a first user.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for displaying a search result in a user interface comprising a sequence of K table rows, a sequence of first type columns (named regular columns) and a sequence of B second type columns (named braided columns), the search result comprising values of attributes. The method includes creating a structure that includes a sequence table rows and a sequence of regular columns and a sequence of braided columns. The method selects a row of the sequence of rows and a braided column of the braided columns for displaying the search result. In each regular column a regular cell that is included in the selected row may be defined. From a braided column a braided cell may be defined that includes in the selected row and subsequent B?1 rows. The attributes values are displayed in the defined regular and braided cells.

Abstract: Disambiguation of search keywords to expert systems is performed through the application of a semantic ranking function to determine a classification category with confidence for a given query. The semantic ranking function is executed through an application of a semantic distance distribution profile score through analysis of user problem statement (UPS) with nodes in the taxonomy in the same vector space to create a search that combines a user problem statement and a taxonomical node in the search engine index. The distribution profile score calculation is provenance influenced to derive geographic, cultural, and demographic provenance for a user problem statement.

Abstract: An ontology topic is selected and a pretrained predictive language model is primed to create a predictive primed model based on one or more ontological rules corresponding to the selected ontology topic. Using the predictive primed model, natural language text is generated based on the ontology topic and guidance of a prediction steering component. The predictive primed model is guided in selecting text that is predicted to be appropriate for the ontology topic and the generated natural language text. The generated natural language text is processed to generate extracted ontology rules and the extracted ontology rules are compared to one or more rules of an ontology rule database that correspond to the ontology topic. A check is performed to determine if a performance of the ontology extractor is acceptable.

Abstract: A method for performing sparse quantum Fourier transform computation includes defining a set of quantum circuits, each quantum circuit comprising a Hadamard gate and a single frequency rotation operator, said set of quantum circuits being equivalent to a quantum Fourier transform circuit. The method includes constructing a subset of said quantum circuits in a quantum processor, said quantum processor having a quantum representation of a classical distribution loaded into a quantum state of said quantum processor. The method includes executing said subset of said quantum circuits on said quantum state, and performing a measurement in a frequency basis to obtain a frequency distribution corresponding to said quantum state.

Abstract: One or more computer processors detect a computing device within a proximity to a rollable device. The one or more computer processors determine a location and an orientation of the rollable device relative to the computing device. The one or more computer processors attach the rollable device to the computing device utilizing the set of biometric locks engaged programmatically such that at least one side of the rollable device is locked and hinged to the computing device. The one or more computer processors responsive to the rollable device attached to a side of the computing device, extend a display area of the computing device to the rollable device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with resistive memory includes a bottom electrode disposed on a base structure, the bottom electrode having a structure that tapers up from the base structure to a tip of the bottom electrode. The semiconductor device also includes sidewall spacers on the sides of the bottom electrode, an interlayer dielectric deposition (ILD) outside the sidewall spacers, and a top dielectric layer disposed over the bottom electrode, and the sidewall spacers. The semiconductor device further includes a top electrode deposited over the bottom electrode within the sidewall spacers. A filament formation region is formed at the tip of the bottom electrode.

Abstract: Classification and visualization of user interactions with an interactive computing platform is provided by building and providing a graphical user interface (GUI) of graphical elements for display on a display device. The graphical elements present visualizations of user interactions between users and an interactive computing platform in progression of the users through tasks based on the user interactions. The graphical elements also present identified features of the user interactions relative to the tasks and progression of the users therethrough. The building and providing includes building and providing, for a task of the tasks, a task element with first features corresponding to subtasks of the task and second features providing relations between the first features.

Abstract: A computer system, product, and method are provided. The computer system includes an artificial intelligence (AI) platform operatively coupled to a processor. The AI platform includes tools in the form of a machine learning model (MLM) manager, a metric manager, and a training manager. The MLM manager accesses a plurality of pre-trained source MLMs, and inputs a plurality of data objects of a test dataset into each of the source MLMs. The test dataset includes the plurality of data objects associated with respective labels. For each source MLM, associated labels are generated from the inputted data objects and a similarity metric is calculated. The MLM manager selects a base MLM to be used for transfer learning from the plurality of source MLMs based upon the calculated similarity metric. The training manager trains the selected base MLM with a target dataset for the target domain.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for memorizing data signals in a spiking neural network. For each data signal, such a method includes supplying metadata relating to the data signal to a machine learning model trained to generate an output signal, indicating a relevance class for a data signal, from input metadata for that data signal. The method includes iteratively supplying the data signal to a sub-assembly of neurons, interconnected via synaptic weights, of a spiking neural network and training the synaptic weights to memorize the data signal in the sub-assembly. The method further comprises assigning neurons of the network to the sub-assembly in dependence on the output signal of the model such that more relevant data signals are memorized by larger sub-assemblies. The data signal memorized by a sub-assembly can be subsequently recalled by activating neurons of that sub-assembly.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe FETs with channels that form wrap-around contacts (a female portion of a female/male connection) with metal contacts (a male portion of the female/male connection) in order to connect the channels to the drain and source regions. In one embodiment, a first conductive contact is formed underneath a dummy channel. In addition an encapsulation material wraps around the first conductive contact. The dummy channel and the encapsulation material can then be removed and replaced by the material of the channel which, as a result, include a female portion that wraps around the first conductive contact.

Abstract: Techniques for selective CD shrink for source and drain contact trench to optimize FET device performance are provided. In one aspect, a semiconductor FET device includes: at least one gate; source and drains on opposite sides of the at least one gate; recesses in the source and drains; and metal contacts disposed over the source and drains and in the recesses, wherein the metal contacts are in direct contact with a bottom and sidewalls of each of the recesses in both a first direction and a second direction, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the at least one gate, and wherein the second direction is parallel to the at least one gate. A method of forming a semiconductor FET device is also provided.

Abstract: The invention is notably directed to a device for performing a matrix-vector multiplication of a matrix with a vector. The device comprises a memory crossbar array comprising a plurality of row lines, a plurality of column lines and a plurality of junctions arranged between the plurality of row lines and the plurality of column lines. Each junction comprises a programmable resistive element and an access element for accessing the programmable resistive element. The device further comprises a readout circuit configured to perform read operations by applying positive read voltages of one or more first amplitudes and negative read voltages of one or more second amplitudes corresponding to the one or more first amplitudes. The one or more first amplitudes and the corresponding one or more second amplitudes are different from each other, thereby correcting polarity dependent current asymmetricities.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods, computer program products, and systems. Embodiments of the present invention can identify a network request as being deferrable and embed data of the deferrable network request within a header of a suitable carrier network request for sending to a remote server. Embodiments of the present invention can receive a carrier network request with embedded data of a deferrable network request within a header of the carrier network request. Embodiments of the present invention can then parse the embedded data from the header into a separate request message for actioning at the server.

Abstract: Managing instant message delivery may include receiving, using a processor, an instant message, wherein the instant message is directed to a recipient, and responsive to receiving the instant message, determining, using the processor, a user profile for the recipient and an activity level of a client device of the recipient. The user profile may specify rules for delivering instant messages to the recipient from users. Responsive to receiving the instant message, a delivery policy for the instant message may be determined using the processor according to the user profile of the recipient and the activity level of the client device. The instant message may be sent to the client device of the recipient according to the delivery policy using the processor.