Abstract: A method for manufacturing a photonic crystal gallium nitride light-emitting element includes forming an epitaxial structure by epitaxially growing an n-type gallium nitride layer, a multiple quantum well layer, and a p-type gallium nitride layer sequentially on a sapphire substrate.

Abstract: A measurement system irradiates measurement light onto an object to measures a position of the object. The measurement system includes: an irradiation apparatus that emits calibration light; a control apparatus that controls the irradiation apparatus; a reflector that reflects the calibration light; and a detector that detects reflected light from the at least one reflector, the irradiation apparatus is configured to emit the measurement light, the control apparatus is configured to control an irradiation direction of the measurement light, and the control apparatus calibrates, based on a detected result of the reflected light by the detector, control information for controlling the irradiation direction of the measurement light.

Abstract: A video compression apparatus includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire video data including a plurality of frames outputted from an imaging element that has a first imaging region to image a subject and a second imaging region to image a subject and for which a first frame rate can be set for the first imaging region and a second frame rate higher than the first frame rate can be set for the second imaging region; and a compression unit configured to compress the video data acquired by the acquisition unit based on the first frame rate and the second frame rate.

Abstract: A laminate including a substrate, an amine generation layer, a copper wire layer, and a copper wire protective layer in this order.

Abstract: A measurement device for a movable robot determines the robot's position along three axes and its rotation around these axes. The device includes an emission unit that emits measurement light to at least three reflective elements attached to the robot, a light receiving unit that captures the reflected light, and a position acquiring unit. The position acquiring unit gathers position information related to the robot's first, second, and third axes, as well as rotational position data around each of these axes, based on the received light reflections.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus that is communicably connected with another information processing apparatus, the information processing apparatus comprises: a processor configured to execute a program; and a storage device configured to store the program, the processor being configured to execute: acquisition processing of acquiring agreement information relating to the usage of subject eye image data of a patient by the other information processing apparatus; and transmission processing of transmitting the subject eye image data to the other information processing apparatus on the basis of the agreement information acquired by the acquisition processing.

Abstract: An exchangeable lens includes: a mount unit at which a camera body is detachably engaged; a plurality of drive target members, conditions of which change as a drive force is applied thereto; an initialization unit that executes initialization processing for each of the plurality of drive target members; an initialization status transmission unit that transmits initialization statuses, each indicating a status of the initialization processing executed for one of the drive target members, to the camera body via a first transmission path over predetermined first cycles; and a drive condition transmission unit that transmits a drive condition of at least one drive target member among the plurality of drive target members to the camera body via a second transmission path different from the first transmission path over predetermined second cycles different from the predetermined first cycles.

Abstract: An image processing device illuminates light from a light source through an optical system with a first numerical aperture onto an examined eye, transmits signal light returning from the examined eye through an optical system with a second numerical aperture, and divides a reference light from the light from the light source. The image processing device detects interference light between the signal light and the reference light, and acquires information representing the obtained interference light. The image processing device performs a first process of projecting the information representing the interference light onto a four-dimensional frequency aperture formed by the optical system with the first numerical aperture and the optical system with the second numerical aperture, in a four-dimensional space of frequencies of the light source and frequencies of light from the examined eye according to the signal light, and a second process of projecting the projected information into three-dimensional space.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a spatial light modulator (SLM), a generation unit that acquires a measurement result from a measurement system measuring positions of semiconductor chips arranged on a first substrate, determines a wiring connecting the semiconductor chips based on the measurement result, generates control data used for control of the SLM in generating the determined wiring pattern, and stores the control data in a storage unit, and an exposure processing unit that controls the SLM using the control data stored in the storage unit and exposes the wiring pattern, wherein at least one of measurement of the positions of the semiconductor chips on the first substrate, acquisition of the measurement result, determination of the wiring pattern, generation of the control data, or storage of the control data is executed while the exposure processing unit is performing exposure processing on a second substrate different from the first substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lifting apparatus for a carrier device of a system for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional workpiece. The lifting apparatus comprises a base element, at least one first spindle attached to the base element, a lifting platform and at least one second spindle attached to the lifting platform. Further, the lifting apparatus comprises at least one intermediate frame comprising at least one first driving device for vertically moving the intermediate frame relative to the first spindle and the base element and at least one second driving device for vertically moving the second spindle and the lifting platform relative to the intermediate frame.

Abstract: An imaging control device includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a positional relationship between a first object and a second object and a control unit configured to control imaging of at least one of the first object and the second object that is performed by an imaging device. The control unit controls imaging performed by the imaging device when the positional relationship acquired by the acquisition unit satisfies a predetermined imaging condition.

Abstract: In a spatial phase modulation element (50) capable of changing a phase of light that passes through an optical member (110) by generating a potential difference between a second electrode (130) and a first electrode (120) to change a refractive index of the optical member (110), a plurality of the second electrodes (130) is arranged in an array direction perpendicular to an extending direction of a second side surface (114), and potential differences between the second electrodes (130) and the first electrode (120) can be independently generated.

Abstract: Laser radar include two part objective lenses that are used for imaging a target and directing probe beams to the target. Portions of tracer beams that degrade target images are attenuated with dichroic filters that block central portions of tracer beams. Local oscillator beams can be produced with a mixing lens that directs probe beams through a polarizing beam splitter to focus at or on a waveplate so that portions are reflected from the waveplate as local oscillator beams. An imaging system that is confocal with a probe beam is coupled to provide target measurements or to establish a focus of the probe beam.

Abstract: A device for supporting diagnosis has: a reception unit that is configured to receive a fundus image of a subject eye; an identification unit provided with a trained model that is configured to recognize, in the fundus image of the subject eye, an area of abnormality in blood circulation, wherein the model has been trained based upon an image of a fundus and an area of abnormality in blood circulation specified in a fluorescent angiography image of the fundus; and an output unit that is configured to output information relating to the area of abnormality in blood circulation recognized in the fundus image of the subject eye.

Abstract: A first circuit layer including a first semiconductor substrate with photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts incident light and generates charge, and a first wiring layer with wiring that reads out signal based upon charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit; second circuit layer including a second wiring layer with wiring connected to the wiring of the first wiring layer, and a second semiconductor substrate with a through electrode connected to the wiring of the second wiring layer; third circuit layer including a third semiconductor substrate with a through electrode connected to the through electrode of the second circuit layer, and third wiring layer with wiring connected to the through electrode of the third semiconductor substrate; and a fourth circuit layer including a fourth wiring layer with wiring connected to the wiring of the third wiring layer, and fourth semiconductor substrate connected to the wiring of the fourth wiring layer.

Abstract: A processing control information generation method includes: acquiring an object model that indicates a three-dimensional shape of an object; generating a deformation model, which indicates a target shape of the object after a processing, by deforming a reference model of the object based on the object model; generating a difference model that indicates a difference between the deformation model and the object model; and generating, based on the difference model, processing control information for performing an additive manufacturing on the object so that the three-dimensional shape of the object becomes the target shape.

Abstract: An optical device for inspecting a to-be-inspected surface having a riblet structure in which projections each extending in a first direction are provided in a second direction intersecting the first direction is configured to include a condensing optical system that irradiates an irradiation region on the to-be-inspected surface with light from a light source and that condenses light reflected by the irradiation region, a photodetector that detects the light condensed by the condensing optical system, and an amount-of-light changing member capable of changing the ratio between the amounts of first reflected light reflected to the photodetector by a portion where the projections are not provided in the irradiation region and second reflected light reflected to the photodetector by the projections in the irradiation region.

Abstract: A numerical aperture setting member (39) of a first irradiation optical system (30) sets an illumination numerical aperture of first irradiation light (La) when a distance in a Z direction (an optical axis direction of the first irradiation optical system (30)) between a substrate (WF1) and a light collection position of the first irradiation light (La) is a second distance longer than a first distance to be smaller than an illumination numerical aperture of the first irradiation light (La) when the distance in the Z direction between the substrate (WF1) and the light collection position of the first irradiation light (La) is the first distance.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a communication unit that performs communication with an external device; and a control unit that issues a command to the external device via the communication unit, on the basis of at least one of capacity of the external device, and capacity of the electronic device.

Abstract: An imaging element includes a first semiconductor substrate having a pixel unit having disposed therein a plurality of pixels that each include a photoelectric conversion unit configured to convert light to an electric charge, and to output signals based on the electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit and a second semiconductor substrate having an exposure processing unit configured to use the signals read from the pixels to calculate an accumulation time for accumulating the electric charge yielded by the conversion performed by the photoelectric conversion units.

Abstract: A method of controlling an irradiation system (10) for irradiating layers of a raw material powder with a radiation beam (14) in order to produce a three-dimensional work piece (110) is described.

Abstract: An infinity-corrected microscope objective lens has, arranged in order from the object side along an optical axis, a first lens group having a positive refractive power, and a second lens group having a positive refractive power, an intermediate image forming plane in which light from an object forms an image being positioned between the first lens group and the second lens group, and the microscope objective lens satisfying the condition below. ?0.2<f×NA/TL<0.05, where f is the focal length of the microscope objective lens, NA is the object-side numerical aperture of the microscope objective lens, and TL is the distance on the optical axis from the lens surface of the microscope objective lens on the side thereof closest to the object to the lens surface of the microscope objective lens on the side thereof closest to the image.

Abstract: To prevent a contact from short-circuiting and breaking due to foreign matters, a connection unit 301A provided in an accessory to be attached to an imaging device includes a connection portion 39A electrically connected to the imaging device, and a plurality of contacts PA1 to PA26 provided in the connection portion and arranged in a row, wherein among the plurality of contacts, a first contact PA15 to which power is supplied from the imaging device is arranged next to an open drain contact or a contact with a reverse current prevention function.

Abstract: An image capturing element includes a first substrate having a plurality of pixel blocks including at least one pixel, the plurality of pixel blocks being arranged to be aligned in a row direction and a column direction, and a second substrate having a plurality of control blocks including a conversion unit which converts a signal output from the pixel into a digital signal and a through electrode unit configured to output the signal converted into the digital signal by the conversion unit, the plurality of control blocks being arranged to be aligned in the row direction and the column direction.

Abstract: A blur correction device includes a lens holding frame that holds a lens, a holding frame that movably holds the lens holding frame, a first drive unit that drives the lens holding frame with respect to the holding frame in a direction intersecting an optical axis, a lock member configured to move between a lock position that restricts movement of the lens holding frame and a release position that releases restriction, and a detection unit configured to detect an amount of movement of the lock member.

Abstract: An accessory includes: a detection terminal; a first power supply terminal through which a first power supply voltage is supplied; a first ground terminal used as a ground potential; a second power supply terminal through which a second power supply voltage is supplied; a second ground terminal used as a ground potential; a ready terminal used to indicate whether or not communication is allowed; a first data terminal that receives a first data signal; a second data terminal that outputs a second data signal; a clock terminal that outputs a clock signal; and a third data terminal that outputs a third data signal, wherein: the first ground terminal, the second power supply terminal, and the second ground terminal are positioned between the first power supply terminal and the ready terminal; and the first data terminal and the second data terminal are positioned between the ready terminal and the clock terminal.

Abstract: An imaging device includes: an imaging element configured to output a sequence of first frames at a first interval through first image capture, and output a second frame through an instruction for second image capture; a thinning unit configured to perform thinning of the sequence of first frames and outputs the thinned first frames at a second interval; and a control unit configured to control an output timing of the second frame on the basis of the first interval or the second interval and an instruction timing for the second image capture.

Abstract: An image processing method performed by a processor and including: a step of acquiring a choroidal vascular image; a step of detecting a vortex vein position from the choroidal vascular image; a step of identifying a choroidal vessel related to the vortex vein position; and a step of finding a size of the choroidal vessel.

Abstract: A processing system is a processing system that is configured to process an object by irradiating the object with an energy beam, and includes: a placing apparatus on which the object is placed; an irradiation apparatus that is configured to irradiate the object with the energy beam; and a light reception apparatus that includes: a beam passing member having an attenuation area in which the energy beam is attenuated and a plurality of passing areas through each of which the energy beam is allowed to pass; and a light reception part that is configured to optically receive the energy beam that has passed through the plurality of passing areas.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: (1) a first pixel and a second pixel each including: a photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light and generates an electric charge; and a transfer unit that transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit to an accumulation unit that accumulates the electric charge, the first pixel and the second pixel being arranged in a row direction; (2) a first supply unit that supplies a signal which controls the transfer unit of the first pixel; and (3) a second supply unit that supplies a signal which controls the transfer unit of the second pixel.

Abstract: An optical device for inspecting a to-be-inspected surface having a riblet structure in which projections each extending in a first direction are provided in a second direction intersecting the first direction is configured to include a condensing optical system that irradiates an irradiation region on the to-be-inspected surface with light from a light source and that condenses light reflected by the irradiation region; and a photodetector that has a photosensitive surface disposed on a plane different from a plane conjugate to the to-be-inspected surface with respect to the condensing optical system, and that detects intensity distribution of the light condensed by the condensing optical system.

Abstract: An imaging element includes: a first substrate including first, second, third pixel blocks respectively including first, second, and third pixels; a second substrate including first, second, and third signal processing blocks respectively including first, second, and third signal converters; a first signal joint configured to output the signal from the first pixel to the first signal converter and to join the first and second substrates; a second signal joint configured to output the signal from the second pixel to the second signal converter and to join the first and second substrates; and a third signal joint configured to output the signal from the third pixel to the third signal converter and to join the first and second substrates. The second pixel block is between the first and third pixel blocks. An interval between the first and second signal joints is smaller than one between the second and third signal joints.

Abstract: An optical glass comprising: by mass %, 20% or more and 50% or less of a content rate of P2O5; 12.66% or more and 35% or less of a content rate of TiO2; 0% or more and 20% or less of a content rate of Nb2O5; and 5% or more and 30% or less of a content rate of Bi2O3, wherein a ratio of a content rate of TiO2 to a content rate of P2O5 (TiO2/P2O5) is 0.30 or more and 0.75 or less.

Abstract: A zoom optical system comprises, in order from an object: a front lens group (GFS) having a positive refractive power; an M1 lens group (GM1) having a negative refractive power; an M2 lens group (GM2) having a positive refractive power; and an RN lens group (GRN) having a negative refractive power, wherein upon zooming, distances between the front lens group and the M1 lens group, between the M1 lens group and the M2 lens group, and between the M2 lens group and the RN lens group change, upon focusing from an infinite distant object to a short distant object, the RN lens group moves, the RN lens group comprises at least one lens having a positive refractive power, and at least one lens having a negative refractive power, and following conditional expressions are satisfied, 2.70<fFP/(?fFN)<4.50, 0.25<(?fF)/f1<0.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system (ZL) comprises: a first lens group (G1) having negative refractive power; and a rear group (GR) including at least one lens group. When changing the magnification, the distances between adjacent lens groups change. At least one lens group of the rear group (GR) includes a final lens group (GE) having positive refractive power and disposed closest to the image side in the rear group (GR). The variable magnification optical system satisfies the following conditional expression. 0.15<ft/fGE<0.60 where ft is the focal length of the variable magnification optical system (ZL) in a telephoto end state, and fGE is the focal length of the final lens group (GE).

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument including a light emitter, an optical system, and a control section. The light emitter includes a light source including at least one out of a first light source unit or a second light source unit that emits light for examining a subject eye. The light emitter is configured to emit light from the light source. The optical system guides light emitted from the light emitter onto a right-eye retina and/or onto a left-eye retina. The control section is configured to control the light emitter and the optical system such that the light is shone onto the right-eye retina and/or onto the left-eye retina.

Abstract: A method of analyzing neurons includes: identifying a cell region by identifying a region of a neurite or a region of a cell body of a neuron on the basis of time-series images obtained by imaging the neuron in time series; detecting aggregates by imaging, in time series, first fluorescent protein tagged to specific protein expressed in the neuron and detecting presence or absence of aggregates of the specific protein aggregated in the region of the neurite or the region of the cell body identified in the identifying the cell region on the basis of luminance of the first fluorescent protein included in the time-series images; and performing an analysis by classifying the neuron into a plurality of groups on the basis of a detection result of the detecting the aggregates and analyzing a survival state of the neuron for each of the groups.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a spatial light modulator, a calculation unit configured to calculate positions of first connection portions of a first semiconductor chip provided on a substrate and positions of second connection portions of a second semiconductor chip provided on the substrate, based on a first position measurement result, a second position measurement result, and design information of the first connection portions and the second connection portions, the first position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the first semiconductor chip, the second position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the second semiconductor chip, and an exposure processing unit configured to control the spatial light modulator based on a calculation result by the calculation unit so as to expose wiring patterns connecting the first connection portions and the second connection portions.

Abstract: A processing system includes: a processing apparatus configured to process an object by irradiating the object with a processing beam; a measuring apparatus configured to measure positions of the object and the processing apparatus; and a control apparatus configured to control the processing apparatus. The processing apparatus includes: a first movement apparatus configured to change a position of a processing head that emits the processing beam; and a second movement apparatus on which the first movement apparatus is mounted and which is configured to move together with the first movement apparatus. The control apparatus controls a movement due to the second movement apparatus based on a measuring result by the measurement apparatus and model information related to a shape of the object.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation unit is used in an exposure apparatus that exposes an exposure pattern onto a photosensitive substrate while moving the photosensitive substrate in a scan direction. The spatial light modulation unit includes: a spatial light modulator having a plurality of elements; a controller that controls the plurality of elements in accordance with the exposure pattern; and a SLM substrate on which the spatial light modulator and the controller are provided. The controller is arranged side by side in the scan direction with respect to the spatial light modulator.

Abstract: An imaging element includes a first photoelectric conversion unit and a second photoelectric conversion unit that generates electric charges by photoelectric conversion, a first comparison unit that outputs a first signal based on a result of comparing a signal based on electric charges generated by the first photoelectric conversion unit and a reference signal, a first storage unit that stores a signal based on the first signal that is output by the first comparison unit, a second comparison unit that outputs a second signal based on a result of comparing a signal based on electric charges generated by the second photoelectric conversion unit and a reference signal, a second storage unit that stores a signal based on the second signal that is output from the second comparison unit, and a connection unit that connects or disconnect the first comparison unit and the second storage unit.

Abstract: An imaging element comprising a plurality of pixels; a plurality of conversion units that convert an analog signal into a digital signal and store it temporarily; a first output line that is connected to a first conversion unit of the plurality of conversion units and to which a signal converted in the first conversion unit into the digital signal is output; a second output line that is connected to a second conversion unit of the plurality of conversion units and to which a signal converted in the second conversion unit into the digital signal is output; and a readout circuit that reads out the digital signals temporarily stored in a plurality of first conversion units and the digital signals temporarily stored in a plurality of second conversion units at different timings from each other.

Abstract: An image sensor, includes: a plurality of pixels arranged along both of a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, each having a photoelectric conversion unit that generates an electric charge through photoelectric conversion of light; a plurality of signal lines disposed along the second direction, each connected to a plurality of pixels arranged along the first direction; and a control unit that executes control so as to output signals, each generated based upon the electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion unit, to the signal lines different from one another.

Abstract: A visual field testing method is a visual field testing method of testing a visual field range divided into at least a first partial area and a second partial area, the method including: a step of measuring sensitivities of a plural first test points that are included in the first partial area; and a step of performing a process of estimating sensitivities of a plural second test points that are included in the first partial area and are test points other than the first test points, by using the sensitivities of the plural first test points.

Abstract: An imaging element includes a first substrate provided with a photoelectric conversion portion that photoelectrically converts light and generates charge, and a readout circuit that outputs a signal based on the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion portion, a second substrate laminated on the first substrate and provided with a processing portion that processes the signal output from the readout circuit, and a connection portion provided with a bent portion bending in a portion other than the vicinity of the first substrate and the second substrate, and electrically connecting the readout circuit to the processing portion.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of substrates that are laminated on each other. The plurality of substrates includes: a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light to an electric charge, and a first conversion unit that converts a first signal that is based on the electric charge converted by the first photoelectric conversion unit into a digital signal. The first conversion unit is configured by a circuit arranged on two or more substrates among the plurality of substrates.

Abstract: A measurement system to be used in a micro-device manufacturing line is equipped with: a plurality of measurement devices which performs measurement processing on each substrate; and a controller that can control the plurality of measurement devices, and the plurality of measurement devices includes at least one first measurement device which acquires position information of a plurality of marks formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A lithography system is provided with: a measurement device measuring position information of marks on a substrate held in a first stage; and an exposure apparatus on a second stage, the substrate for which the position information measurement for the marks has been completed, performs alignment measurement to measure position information for part of marks selected from among the marks on the substrate, and performs exposure. The measurement device measures position information of marks on the substrate to obtain higher-degree components of correction amounts of an arrangement of divided areas, and the exposure apparatus measures position information of a small number of marks on the substrate to obtain lower-degree components of the correction amounts of the arrangement of the divided areas and exposes the plurality of divided areas while controlling the position of the substrate by using the obtained lower-degree components and the higher-degree components obtained by the measurement device.