Abstract: An optical device for inspecting a to-be-inspected surface having a riblet structure in which projections each extending in a first direction are provided in a second direction intersecting the first direction is configured to include a condensing optical system that irradiates an irradiation region on the to-be-inspected surface with light from a light source and that condenses light reflected by the irradiation region; and a photodetector that has a photosensitive surface disposed on a plane different from a plane conjugate to the to-be-inspected surface with respect to the condensing optical system, and that detects intensity distribution of the light condensed by the condensing optical system.

Abstract: An imaging element includes: a first substrate including first, second, third pixel blocks respectively including first, second, and third pixels; a second substrate including first, second, and third signal processing blocks respectively including first, second, and third signal converters; a first signal joint configured to output the signal from the first pixel to the first signal converter and to join the first and second substrates; a second signal joint configured to output the signal from the second pixel to the second signal converter and to join the first and second substrates; and a third signal joint configured to output the signal from the third pixel to the third signal converter and to join the first and second substrates. The second pixel block is between the first and third pixel blocks. An interval between the first and second signal joints is smaller than one between the second and third signal joints.

Abstract: An optical glass comprising: by mass %, 20% or more and 50% or less of a content rate of P2O5; 12.66% or more and 35% or less of a content rate of TiO2; 0% or more and 20% or less of a content rate of Nb2O5; and 5% or more and 30% or less of a content rate of Bi2O3, wherein a ratio of a content rate of TiO2 to a content rate of P2O5 (TiO2/P2O5) is 0.30 or more and 0.75 or less.

Abstract: A zoom optical system comprises, in order from an object: a front lens group (GFS) having a positive refractive power; an M1 lens group (GM1) having a negative refractive power; an M2 lens group (GM2) having a positive refractive power; and an RN lens group (GRN) having a negative refractive power, wherein upon zooming, distances between the front lens group and the M1 lens group, between the M1 lens group and the M2 lens group, and between the M2 lens group and the RN lens group change, upon focusing from an infinite distant object to a short distant object, the RN lens group moves, the RN lens group comprises at least one lens having a positive refractive power, and at least one lens having a negative refractive power, and following conditional expressions are satisfied, 2.70<fFP/(?fFN)<4.50, 0.25<(?fF)/f1<0.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system (ZL) comprises: a first lens group (G1) having negative refractive power; and a rear group (GR) including at least one lens group. When changing the magnification, the distances between adjacent lens groups change. At least one lens group of the rear group (GR) includes a final lens group (GE) having positive refractive power and disposed closest to the image side in the rear group (GR). The variable magnification optical system satisfies the following conditional expression. 0.15<ft/fGE<0.60 where ft is the focal length of the variable magnification optical system (ZL) in a telephoto end state, and fGE is the focal length of the final lens group (GE).

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument including a light emitter, an optical system, and a control section. The light emitter includes a light source including at least one out of a first light source unit or a second light source unit that emits light for examining a subject eye. The light emitter is configured to emit light from the light source. The optical system guides light emitted from the light emitter onto a right-eye retina and/or onto a left-eye retina. The control section is configured to control the light emitter and the optical system such that the light is shone onto the right-eye retina and/or onto the left-eye retina.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a spatial light modulator, a calculation unit configured to calculate positions of first connection portions of a first semiconductor chip provided on a substrate and positions of second connection portions of a second semiconductor chip provided on the substrate, based on a first position measurement result, a second position measurement result, and design information of the first connection portions and the second connection portions, the first position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the first semiconductor chip, the second position measurement result being a measurement result of positions of measurement points on the second semiconductor chip, and an exposure processing unit configured to control the spatial light modulator based on a calculation result by the calculation unit so as to expose wiring patterns connecting the first connection portions and the second connection portions.

Abstract: A method of analyzing neurons includes: identifying a cell region by identifying a region of a neurite or a region of a cell body of a neuron on the basis of time-series images obtained by imaging the neuron in time series; detecting aggregates by imaging, in time series, first fluorescent protein tagged to specific protein expressed in the neuron and detecting presence or absence of aggregates of the specific protein aggregated in the region of the neurite or the region of the cell body identified in the identifying the cell region on the basis of luminance of the first fluorescent protein included in the time-series images; and performing an analysis by classifying the neuron into a plurality of groups on the basis of a detection result of the detecting the aggregates and analyzing a survival state of the neuron for each of the groups.

Abstract: A processing system includes: a processing apparatus configured to process an object by irradiating the object with a processing beam; a measuring apparatus configured to measure positions of the object and the processing apparatus; and a control apparatus configured to control the processing apparatus. The processing apparatus includes: a first movement apparatus configured to change a position of a processing head that emits the processing beam; and a second movement apparatus on which the first movement apparatus is mounted and which is configured to move together with the first movement apparatus. The control apparatus controls a movement due to the second movement apparatus based on a measuring result by the measurement apparatus and model information related to a shape of the object.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation unit is used in an exposure apparatus that exposes an exposure pattern onto a photosensitive substrate while moving the photosensitive substrate in a scan direction. The spatial light modulation unit includes: a spatial light modulator having a plurality of elements; a controller that controls the plurality of elements in accordance with the exposure pattern; and a SLM substrate on which the spatial light modulator and the controller are provided. The controller is arranged side by side in the scan direction with respect to the spatial light modulator.

Abstract: An imaging element includes a first photoelectric conversion unit and a second photoelectric conversion unit that generates electric charges by photoelectric conversion, a first comparison unit that outputs a first signal based on a result of comparing a signal based on electric charges generated by the first photoelectric conversion unit and a reference signal, a first storage unit that stores a signal based on the first signal that is output by the first comparison unit, a second comparison unit that outputs a second signal based on a result of comparing a signal based on electric charges generated by the second photoelectric conversion unit and a reference signal, a second storage unit that stores a signal based on the second signal that is output from the second comparison unit, and a connection unit that connects or disconnect the first comparison unit and the second storage unit.

Abstract: An imaging element comprising a plurality of pixels; a plurality of conversion units that convert an analog signal into a digital signal and store it temporarily; a first output line that is connected to a first conversion unit of the plurality of conversion units and to which a signal converted in the first conversion unit into the digital signal is output; a second output line that is connected to a second conversion unit of the plurality of conversion units and to which a signal converted in the second conversion unit into the digital signal is output; and a readout circuit that reads out the digital signals temporarily stored in a plurality of first conversion units and the digital signals temporarily stored in a plurality of second conversion units at different timings from each other.

Abstract: An image sensor, includes: a plurality of pixels arranged along both of a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, each having a photoelectric conversion unit that generates an electric charge through photoelectric conversion of light; a plurality of signal lines disposed along the second direction, each connected to a plurality of pixels arranged along the first direction; and a control unit that executes control so as to output signals, each generated based upon the electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion unit, to the signal lines different from one another.

Abstract: A visual field testing method is a visual field testing method of testing a visual field range divided into at least a first partial area and a second partial area, the method including: a step of measuring sensitivities of a plural first test points that are included in the first partial area; and a step of performing a process of estimating sensitivities of a plural second test points that are included in the first partial area and are test points other than the first test points, by using the sensitivities of the plural first test points.

Abstract: An imaging element includes a first substrate provided with a photoelectric conversion portion that photoelectrically converts light and generates charge, and a readout circuit that outputs a signal based on the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion portion, a second substrate laminated on the first substrate and provided with a processing portion that processes the signal output from the readout circuit, and a connection portion provided with a bent portion bending in a portion other than the vicinity of the first substrate and the second substrate, and electrically connecting the readout circuit to the processing portion.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of substrates that are laminated on each other. The plurality of substrates includes: a first photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts light to an electric charge, and a first conversion unit that converts a first signal that is based on the electric charge converted by the first photoelectric conversion unit into a digital signal. The first conversion unit is configured by a circuit arranged on two or more substrates among the plurality of substrates.

Abstract: A measurement system to be used in a micro-device manufacturing line is equipped with: a plurality of measurement devices which performs measurement processing on each substrate; and a controller that can control the plurality of measurement devices, and the plurality of measurement devices includes at least one first measurement device which acquires position information of a plurality of marks formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A lithography system is provided with: a measurement device measuring position information of marks on a substrate held in a first stage; and an exposure apparatus on a second stage, the substrate for which the position information measurement for the marks has been completed, performs alignment measurement to measure position information for part of marks selected from among the marks on the substrate, and performs exposure. The measurement device measures position information of marks on the substrate to obtain higher-degree components of correction amounts of an arrangement of divided areas, and the exposure apparatus measures position information of a small number of marks on the substrate to obtain lower-degree components of the correction amounts of the arrangement of the divided areas and exposes the plurality of divided areas while controlling the position of the substrate by using the obtained lower-degree components and the higher-degree components obtained by the measurement device.

Abstract: An imaging device is an imaging device to which an accessory having first electrical contacts can be detachably attached, and includes second electrical contacts that are to be in contact with the first electrical contacts, respectively, and a control unit that controls transmission and reception of data to and from the accessory, wherein the second electrical contacts include third electrical contacts for transmitting and receiving data to and from the accessory in accordance with a first communication method, and the control unit transmits and receives data to and from the accessory in accordance with the first communication method via the third electrical contacts when the accessory is a predetermined accessory, and transmits and receives data to and from the accessory in accordance with a second communication method via at least some of the third electrical contacts when the accessory is an accessory other than the predetermined accessory.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of pixel blocks and a connection unit. The plurality of pixel blocks includes: a diffusion unit to which an electric charge resulting from photoelectric conversion is transferred; and a transistor containing a source electrically connected with the diffusion unit. The connection unit is electrically connected with a drain of the transistor included in each of the plurality of pixel blocks.

Abstract: A powder container for handling powder in an additive manufacturing process. The container includes a powder vessel with a powder inlet in an upper portion thereof and a powder outlet in a lower portion thereof, a set of n sensors configured to determine a set of n observables, a first actuator configured to drive a first mechanical function of the powder container and optionally—to provide for additional safety as well as versatility a second actuator configured to drive a second mechanical function of the powder container and/or a multi-port connector configured to be connected with a corresponding connector of a powder handling station in an additive manufacturing process.

Abstract: An imaging element includes a photoelectric conversion part configured to convert light into charges, an accumulation part in which the charges from the photoelectric conversion part are accumulated, a transfer path part which is a transfer path for transferring charges from the photoelectric conversion part to the accumulation part and has a lower potential than a pixel separation region formed around the photoelectric conversion part, and a measurement part configured to measure the number of times a predetermined amount of charges is accumulated in the accumulation part and to measure the amount of charges accumulated in the photoelectric conversion part.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device including an interference optical system that detects interference light between signal light obtained by scanning an examined eye with light from a light source and reference light configured from light divided from the light source, an adjustment section that is disposed on an optical path of at least one out of the signal light or the reference light, and that adjusts a polarization state of light propagating along the at least one optical path such that a polarization state of the signal light is the same as the polarization state of the reference light, and a control section that controls the adjustment section according to a scan angle scanned on the examined eye.

Abstract: A microscope objective lens (OL) includes a first lens group (G1) and a second lens group (G2) arranged in order from the object side. The first lens group has positive refractive power and converts luminous flux from an object into convergent luminous flux. The second lens group has negative refractive power and converts the convergent luminous flux from the first lens group into parallel luminous flux. The microscope objective lens satisfies the following conditional expression: 14.0?NA×f 1.0<H1/H0 where NA is the numerical aperture of the microscope objective lens; f is the focal distance of the microscope objective lens; H1 is the maximum value of the height of marginal rays from an on-axis object point of the first lens group; and H0 is the height of marginal rays on the lens surface closest to the image side of the second lens group.

Abstract: Provided is a control device for controlling an imaging condition of a sensor having one or more pixels, comprising an event detection unit for detecting an event indicating that a luminance signal changes in excess of a predetermined threshold value in one or more pixels, and for outputting an event detection signal; a counter for counting a number of events detected by the event detection unit; and a control unit for controlling the imaging condition of the sensor, based on the event detection signal. In addition, provided is a control method for controlling an imaging condition of a sensor having one or more pixels. The control method comprises detecting an event indicating that a luminance signal changes in excess of a predetermined threshold value in one or more pixels; counting a number of events; and controlling the imaging condition of the sensor, based on the detection of events.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a display control unit that is configured to display at a display unit a first image generated by capturing an image with light having entered a first area of an image sensor and a second image generated by capturing an image with light having entered a second area at the image sensor different from the first area; and a selection unit that is configured to select either the first area or the second area as an area for image-capturing condition adjustment in reference to the first image and the second image displayed at the display unit.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an imaging element having an imaging surface that captures an image formed by a variable magnification optical system, a generator that generates image information based on a signal output from at least a partial region of the imaging surface, and a controller that performs mixed control that performs electronic variable magnification control to vary a size of the partial region in parallel with varying a magnification of the variable magnification optical system.

Abstract: An interchangeable lens mountable on a camera body includes a variable magnification optical system capable of varying magnification, an operation member that receives an operation for instructing varying the magnification of the variable magnification optical system from a user, a detection circuit that detects the operation received by the operation member, a transmitter that transmits information indicating the operation detected by the detection circuit to the camera body, a controller that performs in-lens control for controlling varying the magnification of the variable magnification optical system based on the information indicating the operation detected by the detection circuit, and a receiver that receives a signal indicating executability of the in-lens control from the camera body.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a first member having conductivity, a second member that has conductivity and is disposed closer to an image plane side than the first member, a non-conductive member at least a portion of which is disposed between the first member and the second member, and a conductive member that fixes a fixed member to the non-conductive member and electrically connects the first member and the second member.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprises, in order from an object side, a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power, a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power and a fourth lens group G4 having negative refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 being varied, a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 being varied, and a distance between the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4 being varied; upon focusing, the fourth lens group G4 being moved; and a predetermined conditional expression being satisfied.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical unit for use in an apparatus for producing a three-dimensional workpiece by a beam melting process. The optical unit comprises a beam optics for generating a beam and directing the beam to a predetermined location, and a housing having a housing bottom and an opening provided in the housing bottom which is transparent to the beam so that the beam can pass through the opening.

Abstract: An ocular optical system (EL) comprises: a first Fresnel lens (first lens (L1)) having a first Fresnel surface (FSa) formed on the lens surface on the image display unit (11) side; and a second Fresnel lens (second lens (L2)) placed closer to the image display unit (11) than the first Fresnel lens and having a second Fresnel surface (FSb) formed on the lens surface on the image display unit (11) side. In a plurality of wall surfaces constituting the first Fresnel surface (FSa) and the second Fresnel surface (FSb) within the radii of at least 10 mm from the optical axes for the first Fresnel surface (FSa) and the second Fresnel surface (FSb), the tilt angle of a wall surface in the first Fresnel surface (FSa) relative to the optical axis for the wall surface is greater than the tilt angle of a wall surface in the second Fresnel surface (FSb) relative to the optical axis for the wall surface, for the wall surfaces that are in the same order from the optical axes for the first and the second Fresnel surfaces.

Abstract: Gallium-doped zinc oxide particles having an average particle diameter of from >0 nm to 30 nm and a resistivity of from 0.08 M?·cm to 1.4 M?·cm.

Abstract: An exposure device includes a neutralization portion that eliminates static electricity charged on a substrate support member while the substrate support member supporting a substrate moves, wherein the substrate support member includes a main body portion that is conductive, and a conductive member that faces the substrate supported by the substrate support member and is electrically connected to the main body portion, and the neutralization portion eliminates static electricity charged on the main body portion.

Abstract: A microscope objective lens (OL) includes a first lens group (G1) having positive refractive power, a second lens group (G2) having a concave surface facing the image side, and a third lens group (G3) having a concave surface facing the object side, which are arranged in order from the object side along an optical axis. The first lens group (G1) includes one lens component having positive refractive power, the third lens group (G3) includes three or more lenses including two negative lenses and one positive lens, and at least one predetermined negative lens in the two negative lenses satisfies the conditional expression “vdA<40”.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes an illumination optical system, a spatial light modulator illuminated by light from the illumination optical system, a projection optical system that irradiates an exposure target with light emitted from the spatial light modulator, a stage on which the exposure target is placed to perform a relative movement between the exposure target and the projection optical system relative to each other in a predetermined scanning direction, and a controller that has a storage in which information relating to exposure pattern is stored and controls exposure for the exposure target. The controller controls the exposure for the exposure target so that a first step of performing a first exposure based on the information relating to the exposure pattern and a second step of performing a second exposure based on at least a portion of the information relating to the exposure pattern used in the first step are executed.

Abstract: A device for supporting diagnosis has: a reception unit that is configured to receive a fundus image of a subject eye; an identification unit provided with a trained model that is configured to recognize, in the fundus image of the subject eye, an area of abnormality in blood circulation, wherein the model has been trained based upon an image of a fundus and an area of abnormality in blood circulation specified in a fluorescent angiography image of the fundus; and an output unit that is configured to output information relating to the area of abnormality in blood circulation recognized in the fundus image of the subject eye.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a first frame that holds a lens, a drive unit that includes a drive shaft and drives the first frame in a direction of an optical axis, and a second frame including at least two guide portions that guide driving of the first frame in the direction of the optical axis, wherein in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis, at least one of the at least two guide portions is disposed on a second straight line that is orthogonal to a first straight line passing through the drive shaft and the optical axis and passes through the optical axis.

Abstract: The problem of plasma shielding in pulsed laser manufacturing processes is addressed by systems and methods that break a pulsed laser scan line into subsets of irradiation positions. The subsets are generally offset along the scan line from one another. Within each subset, the irradiation positions are separated from one another by a predetermined separation distance. Thus, the irradiation positions contained in a given subset are interspersed with irradiation positions contained in other subsets. The predetermined separation distance is chosen at least in part to minimize the plasma shielding effect.

Abstract: A processing apparatus has: a light irradiation apparatus that irradiates a surface of an object with a processing light; and a measurement apparatus that measures a position of an irradiation area, which is formed on the surface of the object by the light irradiation apparatus, relative to the object.

Abstract: An optical system (OL) comprising, sequentially along an optical axis from the objective side, a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power, a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power, a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens group (G4) having a negative refractive power, wherein, when focusing the optical system, the following conditional expression is satisfied as a result of moving the second lens group (G2) and the third lens group (G3) along the optical axis and changing the interval between adjacent lens groups. 0.20<DG4/TL<0.40 wherein DG4 represents the length of the fourth lens group (G4) on the optical axis, and TL represents the full length of the optical system (OL) when the optical system (OL) comes into focus at an infinite distance.

Abstract: An image processing device illuminates light from a light source through an optical system with a first numerical aperture onto an examined eye, transmits signal light returning from the examined eye through an optical system with a second numerical aperture, and divides a reference light from the light from the light source. The image processing device detects interference light between the signal light and the reference light, and acquires information representing the obtained interference light. The image processing device performs a first process of projecting the information representing the interference light onto a four-dimensional frequency aperture formed by the optical system with the first numerical aperture and the optical system with the second numerical aperture, in a four-dimensional space of frequencies of the light source and frequencies of light from the examined eye according to the signal light, and a second process of projecting the projected information into three-dimensional space.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises: a first lens group (G1) disposed closest to an object and having a positive refractive power; an aperture stop (S) disposed closer to an image than the first lens group (G1); a positive lens component disposed so as to oppose the image side of the aperture stop (S); and a lens group (G3) having the positive lens component, wherein a distance between the first lens group (G1) and the lens group (G3) having the positive lens component changes during zooming, at least one lens surface of the positive lens component has an aspherical surface, and the following conditional expression, 0.40<fp/fGp<3.60 is satisfied, where fp: a focal length of the positive lens component, and fGp: a focal length of the lens group (G3) having the positive lens component.

Abstract: A processing system includes: a processing apparatus that processes an object by irradiating the object with beams to form arranged irradiation areas on a surface of the object; and a control apparatus that controls the processing apparatus, the processing apparatus includes: a generation apparatus that generates the beams; a first movement apparatus that moves the beams generated by the generation apparatus; and a second movement apparatus that changes an arrangement direction along which the irradiation areas are arranged, the control apparatus controls the first movement apparatus so that the irradiation areas move along a target movement route and controls the second movement apparatus so as to change the arrangement direction of the irradiation areas based on the target movement route.

Abstract: A polysulfide resin in which structural units containing an adamantane structure are linked in a linear chain via sulfide bonds.

Abstract: A pattern-exposure-apparatus includes: spatial-light-modulating-element including a plurality of micro-mirrors selectively driven based on drawing data, illumination-unit that irradiates spatial-light-modulating-element with illumination-light at predetermined-incidence-angle, and projection-unit that projects reflected-light from selected micro-mirrors of spatial-light-modulating-element in ON-state to substrate, and pattern-exposure-apparatus projects and exposes pattern corresponding to drawing data to substrate, illumination-unit including condensing-optical-member that condenses light from surface-light-source having predetermined shape so as to obliquely irradiate light to spatial-light-modulating-element and that is disposed along optical-axis which is inclined at incidence-angle with respect to optical-axis of projection-unit so as to optically conjugate surface-light-source with pupil of projection-unit, and correcting-optical-member that deforms shape of outline of the surface-light-source so as to

Abstract: An image display method executed by a processor comprises displaying a screen including a two-dimensional fundus image of an examined eye and a three-dimensional eyeball image of the examined eye, finding a second region in the three-dimensional eyeball image that corresponds to a first region specified in the two-dimensional fundus image, and displaying a mark indicating the second region in the three-dimensional eyeball image.

Abstract: A plurality of pixels PX include effective pixels and optical black pixels. Signal lines VL are provided corresponding to each column of the pixels PX and supplied with output signals of the pixels PX of the corresponding column. Clip transistors CL are provided corresponding to the respective signal lines VL and limit a potential of the corresponding vertical signal lines VL based on a gate potential. At least in a predetermined operating mode, a potential Vclip_dark is supplied to a gate of one of the clip transistors CL corresponding to at least one pixel column formed of the optical black pixels when reading a noise level from the pixels PX corresponding to the clip transistors CL and when reading a data level from the pixels PX corresponding to the clip transistors CL.