Abstract: Treatment device for ultrasonic treatment and high frequency treatment procedure is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer including piezoelectric elements converting electrical power into ultrasonic vibrations. The treatment device includes a transmission rod with a treatment probe and jaw for clasping objects. The transmission rod includes one or more features for damping, to minimize or prevent excess vibrations and to, among other things, decrease frictional heat caused by the friction between the damping features and the transmission rod arising from attenuating the ultrasonic vibrations.

Abstract: A vibration transmission member for an ultrasonic treatment tool includes: a main body including a central axis, a distal end (DE), and a proximal end (PE), a center moving portion (CMP) at a distal side of a node where the DE meets the CMP, the node being at a most DE of the main body, and a curved portion (CP) at a distal side of the CMP. In a direction from a PE of the CP toward a DE of the CP, the CP is curved in a first direction. The center of gravity of the CMP moves along the CMP toward the DE of the CMP, the center of gravity moves relative to the central axis in a second direction. The CP extends from the DE of the main body to the PE of the CP. The CP includes a plurality of notches along a periphery of the CP.

Abstract: Treatment device for ultrasonic treatment and high frequency treatment procedure is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer including piezoelectric elements converting electrical power into ultrasonic vibrations. The treatment device includes a transmission rod with a treatment probe and jaw for clasping objects. The transmission rod includes features for damping, such as a sheath, a geometry of the outer surface of the transmission rod, or combinations of such features, to minimize or prevent excess vibrations and to, among other things, decrease frictional heat caused by the friction between the damping features and the transmission rod arising from attenuating the ultrasonic vibrations.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes: a processor configured to detect a flicker cycle of a light source; generate a difference image between an image in which a light intensity fringe is not present and an image in which a light intensity fringe is present based on the flicker cycle; divide the difference image into a plurality of regions; identify a first color unevenness occurrence region, a second color unevenness occurrence region, and a color unevenness non-occurrence region; determine a center position of an exposure period in the identified color unevenness non-occurrence region, and controls exposure; and control exposure such that, in a direction perpendicular to an image reading direction of an image sensor, the center position of the exposure period located in the color unevenness non-occurrence region satisfying predetermined conditions.

Abstract: An endoscope distal end structure includes: an image sensor; a composite cable that is formed by bundling a plurality of signal cables; a substrate that includes a plurality of electrodes for connecting respective core wires of the plurality of signal cables; a cable fixing portion configured to hold the plurality of signal cables that are exposed from an end portion of the composite cable and the end portion of the composite cable; a sealing resin configured to protect connection portions between the core wires of the plurality of signal cables and the plurality of electrodes; and a shrinkable tube. The cable fixing portion includes a first fixing portion that is arranged on a surface of the substrate, and the first fixing portion includes grooves that are divided by wail portions, the grooves being configured to house the respective signal cables.

Abstract: Method, device and treatment system for sealing living tissue using high frequency electrical energy provided to the living tissue by an end effector of a treatment instrument applies N cycles (N=natural number from 1 to 5, inclusive) of electrical energy to the living tissue by increasing, in each cycle, an amount of the high frequency electrical energy provided to the living tissue until the impedance of the living tissue increases to an impedance threshold value for that cycle, after which the amount of high frequency electrical energy is decreased to decrease the impedance of the living tissue by a predetermined value. The cycle repeats, with each subsequent cycle having an impedance threshold value greater than in the prior cycle, and the cycles stop when an N+1-th impedance reaches a impedance stop value. Initial values of impedance can be used to determine parameters of the cycles.

Abstract: Treatment device for ultrasonic treatment and high frequency treatment procedure is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer including piezoelectric elements converting electrical power into ultrasonic vibrations. The treatment device includes a transmission rod with a treatment probe and jaw for clasping objects. The transmission rod includes features for damping, such as a sheath, a coating, a geometry of the outer surface of the transmission rod, or combinations of such features, to minimize or prevent excess vibrations and to, among other things, decrease frictional heat caused by the friction between the damping features and the transmission rod arising from attenuating the ultrasonic vibrations.

Abstract: In known electrosurgical handheld devices, a strengthening tube is firmly connected to a working element or a main body. Before the strengthening tube is connected to the main body, a contact body has to be pushed over the strengthening tube. For this purpose, the contact body has a corresponding bore. When the contact body is replaced for maintenance reasons or because of defects, the strengthening tube has to be removed with difficulty from the main body in order to be able to withdraw the contact body from same. The invention makes available an electrosurgical handheld device and a contact body which is able to be manipulated and maintained in a particularly simple and also time-efficient manner. This is achieved by the fact that a contact body for an electrosurgical handheld device has a slit parallel to a continuous bore and also parallel to a longitudinal axis of the handheld device.

Abstract: A cell collecting apparatus includes: a culturing device having a culture vessel and a collecting channel; and a control device. The culturing device cultures cells in a state where the cells are suspended in a liquid medium stored in the culture vessel. The control device controls the culturing device such that a suspension height, which is a height at which the target cell is suspended in the liquid medium, approaches a collection height, which is a height of an inlet of the collecting channel, the inlet configured to be used for cell collection from inside the culture vessel.

Abstract: Provided is a bendable tube unit of a medical guide sheath. The bendable tube unit includes, a coil in which an elastic wire is wound in a spiral form, and a rod that is arranged inside the coil along and n near a generating line in a circumferential direction of the coil, and that has a distal end portion and a rear end portion, the distal end portion being fixed to a front end portion of the coil, the rear end portion being connected to an operating portion configured to apply a bending action to the coil, the rod being configured to bend the coil by moving toward a distal end side of the coil to apply a stretching force to widen a space between parts of the wire near the generating line deviated from an axis of the coil.

Abstract: A medical device and a method of operating the same are provided. In a method of operating a medical device for ultrasonic treatment, the medical device including an ultrasonic instrument having a vibration transmission member that vibrates ultrasonically, a power source configured to supply electric energy to the ultrasonic instrument, and a processor including a control unit operably connected to the power source, the method includes: controlling supply of the electric energy to the ultrasonic instrument, obtaining a temperature value related to a temperature of the vibration transmission member, the vibration transmission member being separate from a transducer, and controlling the power source to reduce or stop the supply of electric energy of the power source based on the rate of change of the temperature value.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sealing biological tissue using high frequency electrical energy determines a first-instance size of the biological tissue based on an initial impedance determination and applies electrical energy to the biological tissue based on the first-instance size determination, during which an in-process parameter is detected. A second-instance size of the biological tissue is determined based on the detected in-process parameter. When the second-instance size is different from the first-instance size, the second-instance electrical energy is different than the first-instance electrical energy; and when the second-instance size is the same as the first-instance size, the second-instance electrical is the same as the first-instance electrical energy.

Abstract: An endoscopic device generates an endoscopic image based on an image pickup signal generated by an image pickup device at a distal-end portion of an insertion portion, acquires channel information regarding a channel formed in the insertion portion, acquires angle information regarding a display angle of the endoscopic image, and generates and outputs a display image including a display endoscopic image generated based on modifying the endoscopic image based on the angle information, and a channel guide image generated based on the angle information and the channel information.

Abstract: An ischemia control device is connected to a control unit that receives inputs from sensors and other surgical devices that senses patient conditions. The control unit uses the data inputs, as well as direct inputs from the medical operators, to output opening and closing instructions to the ischemia control device. The actuator on the ischemia control device receives the opening and closing instructions and manipulates the ischemia control device. The ischemia control device can be automatically operated using the sensed information to intermittently and alternately achieve ischemia of the organs and reperfuse the organs and, thereby, protect the organs from being damaged by the ischemia.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an endoscope configured to generate an image signal; a processing device configured to process the image signal; a plurality of signal lines configured to transmit a signal between the endoscope and the processing device; and a processor configured to detect a communication error of the signal lines, and determine a communication protocol to allocate a signal to be transmitted by the respective signal lines according to a detection result of the communication error, the determination of the communication protocol including determining whether to transmit a signal in two ways based on number of signal lines in which the communication error is not detected.

Abstract: A surgical radiofrequency instruments such as resectoscopes, for example, are used for removing or manipulating body tissue. A particular disadvantage of known instruments has been that the arrangement of an electrode instrument in an inner shaft can influence a flow behavior of an irrigation liquid. The invention makes available an electrode instrument by which the irrigation liquid is not disturbed. This is achieved by the fact that an electrode instrument has two electrode carriers which are arranged parallel to each other and are connected to each other by at least one guide element, and this at least one guide element extends, at least in part, convexly away from a longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An insertion device includes a bending portion provided in an insertion portion having a longitudinal axis; an operation lever provided in an operation portion and configured to cause the bending portion to bend, where the operation portion is provided on a proximal end side of the insertion portion; and an elastic member connected to the operation portion, and provided with rigidity that resists tilting when the operation lever is tilted, where first rigidity in a first tilting direction is lower than second rigidity in a second tilting direction, wherein of the elastic member, a cross-section orthogonal to an axial direction of the operation lever is formed into a rectangular shape, and any of corners of the rectangular shape of the cross-section is placed in the first tilting direction.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion coupled to an operation portion and inserted into an object. The insertion portion includes a distal end face, which comprises a first optical system, a second optical system arranged side by side with the first optical system such that a bisector bisecting the first optical system and the second optical system, a first lighting unit, a second lighting unit separate from the first lighting unit so that the first optical system and the second optical system are arranged between the two lighting units, a nozzle portion disposed on a second line at a second predetermined angle with respect to the line perpendicular to the bisector of the first and second optical systems, wherein the nozzle portion is configured to clean the first optical system based on a first cleaning configuration and clean the second optical system based on a second cleaning configuration.

Abstract: An ultrasound transducer includes: a piezoelectric element unit including a plurality of piezoelectric elements configured to generate an ultrasound vibration; and a horn that extends from a distal end toward a proximal end to define a longitudinal axis direction and that is connected to a distal end side of the piezoelectric element unit. The horn includes a first transformation portion whose cross-sectional area orthogonal to the longitudinal axis direction decreases toward a distal end, the first transformation portion being configured to amplify amplitude of the ultrasound vibration, and a second transformation portion that is provided between the first transformation portion and a connection position at which the horn and the piezoelectric element unit are connected, the second transformation portion being configured to amplify or attenuates the amplitude of the ultrasound vibration.

Abstract: A stent comprises a wire that is woven into a tubular fence forming a stent body, a plurality of tubular units connected around a longitudinal center axis of the stent body, and a plurality of connecting locations configured to connect adjacent ones of the plurality of tubular units and arranged along a plurality of circumferences with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the stent body. The plurality of circumferences include a first circumference having a first radius and a second circumference having a second radius, and the first radius is different from the second radius in length.

Abstract: A bipolar high-frequency (HF) applicator for an HF surgical instrument, and an HF application system are disclosed. The bipolar HF applicator has a flat main body that is made of an insulating material and has a rounded shape with two side faces opposite each other and an edge delimiting the side faces. The main body includes, on at least one of the two side faces, two electrodes, the electrode surfaces of which are isolated from each other on the side face. The electrodes are connected to supply lines for supplying HF energy.

Abstract: An endoscope distal end frame includes: a holder including a first through hole, the holder being a primary molding made of a colored resin; and a distal end part including a second through hole that is concentric with the first through hole, the distal end part being a secondary molding made of a transparent resin layered on the holder. The first through hole has a diameter larger than a diameter of the second through hole.

Abstract: An ultrasound endoscope includes: a plurality of piezoelectric elements that are arranged to form a cylinder such that respective longitudinal directions of the piezoelectric elements are aligned, each piezoelectric element being configured to transmit and receive an ultrasound wave; an acoustic lens that is located on outer peripheries of the piezoelectric elements, the acoustic lens being configured to converge ultrasound waves generated by the piezoelectric elements on an outside of the acoustic lens, and transmit ultrasound waves input from the outside of the acoustic lens to the piezoelectric elements; a housing configured to hold distal end sides and proximal end sides of both of the piezoelectric elements and the acoustic lens; and a flexible material that is located between either a distal end or a proximal end of the acoustic lens and the housing, and that has a lower elastic modulus than the acoustic lens.

Abstract: A data transfer device includes: a plurality of masters each having a buffer and configured to calculate a remaining-time counter based on an amount of data in the buffer; a memory system configured to perform data transfer with the plurality of masters and having a memory access prohibition period during which access from the plurality of masters is intermittently prohibited; a bus arbiter configured to arbitrate the plurality of masters based on the remaining-time counter; and a remaining-time counter-adjusting part configured to add a remaining-time counter offset, which adjusts the remaining-time counter until the start of the memory access prohibition period, to at least one of the plurality of masters.

Abstract: An information processing system includes a processor. The trained model is trained to resolution recover a low resolution training image generated by low resolution processing performed on a high resolution training image to a high resolution training image that represents a high resolution image captured with a predetermined object through the first imaging system. The low resolution processing represents processing that generates a low resolution image as if captured with the predetermined object through the second imaging system and processing that simulates the second imaging method, and includes processing that simulates a resolution characteristic of an optical system of the second imaging system. The processor uses the trained model to resolution recover the processing target image captured through a second imaging system to an image having a resolution at which the first imaging system performs imaging.

Abstract: An image processing system includes a microscope system that acquires an input image to be input to an image processing device, and the image processing device including a circuitry. The circuitry selects a learned model from a plurality of learned models that have learned image conversion that converts the input image into an output image having an image quality higher than an image quality of the input image, and performs the image conversion using the selected learned model. Each of the plurality of learned models is a learned model learned using an image that differs from an image(s) used by the other learned model(s) in at least sample type, or a learned model learned using an image that differs from an image(s) used by the other learned model(s) in at least image quality range.

Abstract: An optical system includes a plurality of lenses. The plurality of lenses have refractive index distributions in which a refractive index changes in directions orthogonal to optical axes. The optical axes of the plurality of lenses are disposed on the same straight line as each other. The plurality of lenses are manufactured on the basis of same design values relating to an on-axis refractive index and a refractive index distribution constant. When rotation positions around the optical axes of the plurality of lenses at which a total aberration amount of the plurality of lenses reaches a maximum are set as reference rotation positions for the plurality of lenses, any one of the plurality of lenses is arranged at a position acquired by relatively rotating the reference rotation position around the optical axis.

Abstract: Radiofrequency instruments such as the resectoscope described here are used in medicine for treating body tissue and in particular for removing or manipulating this tissue. A particular disadvantage of the known instruments is that an irrigation liquid is disturbed by an electrode instrument in such a way that the resulting turbulence limits the view of the operator. The invention makes available an electrode instrument by which this problem is solved. This is achieved by the fact that two electrode casing tubes run from an electrode to the proximal end region of the electrode instrument and each have a respective electrical contact, namely an active contact and a return contact.

Abstract: Treatment device having vibration source, transmission rod, and detachable tip is equipped with ultrasonic transducers. Ultrasonic vibrations transmitted along the transmission rod to the detachable tip cause a treatment end of the tip, such as a blade, to vibrate at ultrasonic frequencies to cut and/or seal tissues. The detachable tip is connected at a location other than the vibration node or the antinode position. The detachable tip endures increased stresses associated with this location by decreasing the mass and sectional area relative to the increasing stress levels. The detachable tip connects to the transmission rod using a transmission surface and a biasing member, such as a leaf spring, that engages a detent located in the housing at the distal end of the transmission rod. Biased contact between the transmission surface and contact surface transmits both ultrasonic vibrations and high-frequency currents to the treatment edge of the detachable tip.

Abstract: A treatment device equipped with high frequency capability has a pair of clasping jaws. The upper and lower jaws are openable-closable and serves as high frequency electrodes to clamp and seal and/or transect tissue. A blade traverses a channel in the upper and lower jaws and is used to open and close the upper and lower jaws. Additional structures and mechanisms contribute to the operation of the upper and lower jaws and add strength to the opening of the clasping jaws, which is useful in the procedure of peeling tissues using the opening movement of the clasping jaws.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an insertion portion formed using a first resin material and having a fusion surface, the first resin material having a melting point of a first temperature; a bending portion formed using a second resin material having a melting point of a second temperature higher than the first temperature, the bending portion being interposed in the insertion portion at a predetermined position and being bendable in a predetermined direction; and an elastic member formed into a tubular shape by using a third resin material different from the first resin material, the elastic member being configured to cover the bending portion, an end portion of the elastic member being fused to the fusion surface.

Abstract: A push button device for an endoscope includes: a connection member having a bottomed tubular shape and provided to a finger placement member, the finger placement member having elasticity and disposed on an exterior member of the endoscope; a first stem that has an upper end portion inserted and fitted into the connection member and that is slidably and swingably disposed; a second stem slidably and swingably provided and configured to move in conjunction with motion of the first stem; an immobile member slidably and swingably holding the first stem and the second stem; and a switch configured to be switched by displacement of the second stem moving in conjunction with the motion of the first stem when the finger placement member is pushed.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a first bearing including a first recess along a first central axis; a second bearing disposed in the first recess and provided with a second central axis intersecting the first central axis in the state of being disposed in the first recess, the second bearing including a second recess along the second central axis and being retained turnably around the first central axis; and an operation lever disposed in the second recess, and including a shaft member retained turnably around the second central axis.

Abstract: An endoscopic calibration system that calibrates an endoscope, includes: an imaging part that acquires an image by an optical system in which an optical adapter and a scope of the endoscope are combined; a parameter measurement part that measures a first parameter indicating optical characteristics of an optical system in which a first scope and a first optical adapter are combined, a second parameter indicating optical characteristics of an optical system in which the first scope and a second optical adapter are combined, and a third parameter indicating optical characteristics of an optical system in which the second scope and the first optical adapter are combined; and a parameter estimation part that estimates a fourth parameter indicating optical characteristics of an optical system in which the second scope and the second optical adapter are combined using the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter.

Abstract: A learning support system includes a storage configured to store an endoscope image and an annotation image generated in a first network, a processor acquiring the annotation image from the storage, using the annotation image to perform machine learning, and generating a trained model, and a server system performing communications with the processor, and being uploaded with a trained model. The storage and the processor each serve as a node constituting the first network, which is an intra-hospital network. The server system serves as a node constituting a second network, which is an extra-hospital network.

Abstract: A method for closing a wound in a mucosal layer of an organ wall of a patient includes threading a suture thread into the mucosal layer at a first position located on a first side of the wound, threading the suture thread at least once into a muscle layer of the organ wall, and threading the suture thread into the mucosal layer at a second position located on a second side of the wound that is opposite the first side of the wound. A method for resecting a lesion in a wall of an organ of a patient includes creating a wound in a mucosal layer of the wall of the organ by excising the lesion from the wall of the organ, and threading a suture thread through a series passes between the mucosal layer on a first side of the wound and the mucosal layer on a second side of the wound, the suture thread being threaded into a muscle layer of the wall of the organ in at least one pass of the series passes.

Abstract: An endoscope cap includes: a hood portion attached to a distal end portion of an endoscope; a cap portion connected to a distal end of the hood portion, having an abutting surface against which the endoscope is abutted in a state of the endoscope being inserted into the hood portion, and protruding from the distal end of the hood portion; a channel tube into which an elongated device is inserted; and a coupling member for coupling the device with the hood portion, the member being supported by the hood portion and extending along the hood portion. The hood portion has a pair of support holes into which the member is inserted. The member is pivotable with respect to the hood portion, with the individual support holes serving as fulcrums. The holes are formed at positions closer to a proximal end of the hood portion than the abutting surface is.

Abstract: A tool for polishing glass is formed by integrating multiple polishing elements in which polishing grains have been covered with a resin, and includes air cavities. The polishing grain volume S ratio is 50-85%, the resin volume ratio is 15-50%, the air cavity volume ratio is 20% or less, and the average grain size of the polishing elements is 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: An insertion instrument includes: an insertion portion including a bending portion; an operation portion; one operation lever provided to the operation portion, the operation lever being configured to tilt, to cause the bending portion to bend in a predetermined direction; a movable member provided around the operation lever and configured to move according to tilting of the operation lever; and at least one indicator configured to change according to a movement of the movable member, the at least one indicator being visually recognizable.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to: acquire a first wavelength image and a second wavelength image, the first wavelength image being generated by irradiating a stage and by capturing light that has passed through the stage, the second wavelength image being generated by irradiating a specimen and by capturing light that has passed through the stage and the specimen, the specimen including a core tissue; calculate a spectral transmittance image; cause a display to display at least one of the spectral transmittance image and the second wavelength image as a display image; extract an area of the spectral transmittance image having spectral transmittance similar to spectral transmittance of a reference area in the display image as a core tissue area of the core tissue; and calculate an amount of the core tissue area.

Abstract: A push button mechanism for an endoscope includes: a first stem having a first longitudinal direction and having a first end portion connected inside a finger placement member; a second stem having a first end face in contact with a second end portion of the first stem and slidably provided along a second longitudinal direction having a predetermined angle relative to the first longitudinal direction; a switch configured to be switched by the second stem sliding in the second longitudinal direction in contact with the second end portion of the first stem moving in conjunction with the finger placement member; and an immobile member including a space in which the second end portion of the first stem is housed, and the space has a sectional shape similar to the second end portion formed in a deformed shape and prevents rotation of the first stem.

Abstract: An endoscopic treatment device includes a sheath formed from a resin; a tubular hollow needle inserted into the sheath and having a sharp distal end; a rod formed from a metal and having a conduit; a shaft attached to a proximal end of the rod and having an internal space communicating with the conduit of the rod; and an operation portion including (i) a slider attached to a proximal end of the shaft, and (ii) and a lever attached to a proximal end of the hollow needle.

Abstract: A treatment device having a vibration source, a transmission rod, treatment blade, and a jaw piece attached to a movable handle is disclosed. The treatment device is equipped with ultrasonic transducers which includes piezoelectric elements converting electrical power into ultrasonic vibrations. The ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted along the transmission members to the treatment blade that vibrates at ultrasonic frequencies to cut and/or seal tissues. The jaw piece is connected to the movable handle and open and closes with the movement of the movable handle. The treatment device is also equipped with an extension protruding from the operation body that allows the operator to operate the device and the movable handle at ease, even when the device is operated at different angles.

Abstract: An endoscopic treatment device includes a sheath formed from a resin; a flow-passage formation member attached to a distal end portion of the sheath to be rotatable around a longitudinal axis of the sheath; a pair of forceps pieces supported by the flow-passage formation member such that the pair of forceps pieces are able to be opened and closed; a link mechanism connected to the pair of forceps pieces and configured to open and close the pair of forceps pieces; an operation wire extending along the longitudinal axis of the sheath; and a connection member configured to connect a proximal end arm of the link mechanism and the operation wire.

Abstract: A clip device includes a clip, including a plurality of arms having sliding grooves; and an intermediate member inserted into the sliding grooves for connecting the plurality of arms; a pressing tube accommodating a proximal end portion of the clip; a connection member connecting with an operation wire at a proximal end side and including an engaging portion engaging with the intermediate member; and a locking mechanism for lock the plurality of arms when the clip is pulled toward the proximal end side by a predetermined distance by the connection member, wherein the clip includes a contact portion formed on a side surface of the arm to be in contact with the engaging portion from a direction orthogonal to an axial direction of the intermediate portion for preventing a deformation of the engaging portion when the intermediate portion slides along the sliding groove before the plurality of arms are locked.

Abstract: A method for resecting a lesion in a wall of an organ of a patient includes injecting a fluid into the wall of the organ at a location proximate to the lesion, creating a wound in the wall of the organ by cutting the lesion from the wall of the luminal organ, removing at least a portion of the fluid injected into the wall of the organ, and closing the wound using a suture thread. The portion of fluid may be removed prior to or after partially threading the suture thread into the wall of the organ.

Abstract: A method and a system for controlling a surgical HF generator during a HF surgical procedure performed with a handheld HF surgical instrument supplied with HF energy by the HF generator. The method includes evaluating a succession of images of an operating area that are captured in an image sequence during the HF surgical procedure, including subjecting the images to automatic real-time image recognition to detect a predetermined structure and/or a predetermined operating situation, and in response to detection of the structure and/or operating situation, suggesting or performing a change of an operating parameter and/or operating mode of the HF generator. The system can include the HF generator, at least one handheld HF surgical instrument, a display device, a video endoscope, and a processor that is capable of receiving and evaluating image signals from the video endoscope.

Abstract: A bending operation mechanism includes an operation lever, a wire pulling member, a pulling wire, a cylinder, and a pulley, and the pulley is disposed with a predetermined rotation shaft tilted so that an extended line of the predetermined rotation shaft intersects with the cylinder.

Abstract: A clip device includes a tube and a clip having a first arm portion and a second arm portion, and an engagement mechanism including a stepped connector and a hooking structure, and configured to connect to the clip. The stepped connector includes an engaging region connecting two side regions, a width of the engaging region of the stepped connector is smaller than a width of a first of the two side regions of the stepped connector. The hooking structure includes two lateral surfaces connected by a hook surface, and a surface of the engaging region of the stepped connector engages with the hook surface of the hooking structure and each of the two side regions of the stepped connector are adjacent to respective one of the two lateral surfaces of the hooking structure.

Abstract: An imaging condition set in a first region of a three-dimensional model of a subject and an imaging condition set in a second region of the three-dimensional model are different from each other. A processor of an observation device determines whether or not the imaging condition that has been set in the first region or the second region including a position on the three-dimensional model is satisfied. The position is identified on the basis of a position of an imaging device and a posture of the imaging device. The processor displays observation information on a display on the basis of a result of determination. The observation information represents whether or not the first region or the second region including the position on the three-dimensional model has been observed.