Abstract: A method for operating a medical navigation system for an image-guided surgical procedure including: training a first artificial neural network on a set of surgical image video data of a target object of a patient representing a video image, and identifying the structure of the target object; training a second artificial neural network on at least one virtual three-dimensional target object model of the target object and identifying the structure of the virtual three-dimensional target object model by the identified structure of the target object; training a third artificial neural network by the identified structure of the target object and the structure of the virtual three-dimensional target object model and aligning the identified structure of the target object, with the structure of the corresponding target object of the virtual three-dimensional target object model, which is identified by the second artificial neural network.

Abstract: An endoscopic treatment tool, includes an elongated member having a distal end and a proximal end; a braid disposed between the distal end and the proximal end of the elongated member; a distal indicator disposed on the elongated member between a distal end and a proximal end of the braid, the distal indicator extending along a longitudinal axis of the elongated member; a proximal indicator disposed between the distal end and the proximal end of the braid on the elongated member at a more proximal side of the elongated member than the distal indicator, the proximal indicator extending along the longitudinal axis; and a pre-curved shape portion formed in a curved shape, wherein each of the distal indicator and the proximal indicator has a width less than half of an outer circumferential surface of the elongated member in a circumferential direction of the elongated member, respectively.

Abstract: A medical apparatus configured for insertion directly or indirectly into a living body is provided with a coloring part having a marking formed on an outer surface. The marking has a coloring layer of an acrylic resin containing a pigment and a protective layer of a polymethacrylic ester covering the coloring layer directly or indirectly, and an upper surface of the coloring part is recessed from a part of the medical apparatus, such as a covering tube of a sheath of an endoscope treatment instrument, adjacent to the coloring part on the outer surface.

Abstract: An optical unit includes a first lens, a second lens, and a holding member. The first lens is formed in a spherical segment having a first flat surface and a first convex spherical surface. The second lens is formed in a spherical segment having a second flat surface and a second convex spherical surface. A holding member has a first end portion that surrounds the first lens and a second end portion that surrounds the second lens. The holding member holds the first lens and the second lens with a frictional force such that the first convex spherical surface and the second convex spherical surface are adjacent to each other between the first end portion and the second end portion. The first end portion is located on the same surface as the first flat surface or closer to the second lens than the first flat surface. The second end portion is located on the same surface as the second flat surface or closer to the first lens than the second flat surface.

Abstract: A flexible manipulator includes an insertion portion including a tubular flexible portion, a bending portion, and a distal end portion. The flexible manipulator includes an operating unit on a proximal end side of the insertion portion, the operating unit including a first operating portion. The flexible manipulator includes a tube inside the tubular flexible portion, the tube including a through-hole spirally extending along a longitudinal axis of the tube from a proximal end to a distal end. The flexible manipulator includes a wire extending through the through-hole, a first end of the wire connected to the distal end portion and a second end of the wire connected to the first operating portion. The flexible manipulator includes an adjustment mechanism. The bending portion is a tubular body between the distal end portion and a distal end side of the tube.

Abstract: The method for calibrating an endoscope is a method for calibrating an endoscope having a curved portion capable of being driven by bending, and includes: an arrangement step of suspending and arranging a distal end portion of the endoscope including the curved portion; a bending step of bending the curved portion of the distal end portion which has been suspended; a measurement step of measuring shape information of the curved portion; and an adjustment step of updating a control parameter by which the endoscope drives the curved portion, based on the shape information which has been measured.

Abstract: An ultrasound endoscope includes an ultrasound transducer unit provided at a distal end of the ultrasound endoscope. The ultrasound transducer unit includes: an ultrasound transducer configured to transmit and receives an ultrasonic wave; and a housing that includes a housing portion to house the ultrasound transducer, the housing portion including a plurality of protrusions configured to position the ultrasound transducer, each protrusion being arranged to face a rear surface on an opposite side to a transceiving surface of the ultrasonic wave of the ultrasound transducer, the protrusions being arranged to be across a longitudinal axis of the housing from one another.

Abstract: An endoscope according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an insertion portion configured to be inserted into a subject. A channel is provided in the insertion portion, the channel receiving an accessory. A plurality of first guides is spaced apart at intervals in the channel, the plurality of first guides configured to guide the accessory along a longitudinal axis of the insertion portion.

Abstract: A provisioning system for endoscopes in an application environment including one or more examination rooms and one or more reprocessing stations for endoscopes. The provisioning system including a processor including hardware. The processor being configured to: receive first information about scheduled procedures, receive second information about a status of one or more endoscopes, the second information including an indication of whether an endoscope is ready for use, currently in use, or currently being reprocessed, and control a display to display a user interface having a graphical user interface. Wherein the graphical user interface includes: a first presentation area in which data about ready-to-use endoscopes is displayed, a second presentation area in which data about scheduled procedures is displayed, and a third presentation area in which data about endoscopes undergoing a reprocessing process is displayed.

Abstract: A provisioning system for endoscopes in an application environment including one or more examination rooms and one or more reprocessing stations for endoscopes. The provisioning system including a processor including hardware. The processor being configured to: receive first information about scheduled procedures, receive second information about a status of one or more endoscopes, the second information including an indication of whether an endoscope is ready for use, currently in use, or currently being reprocessed, determine from the first information and the second information whether a ready-to-use endoscope is or will be available for each respective scheduled procedure, and control a display to display an indicator which indicates whether a ready-to-use endoscope is or will be available for the respective scheduled procedure.

Abstract: A sterilized endoscope kit, comprising a sterilized endoscope, a sterilized treatment instrument, a sterilized guide wire, and a packaging material. The sterilized endoscope includes a first lumen. The sterilized treatment instrument is inserted into the first lumen, the sterilized treatment instrument includes a second lumen. The sterilized guide wire is inserted into the second lumen. The sterilized endoscope, the sterilized treatment instrument, and the sterilized guide wire are arranged in the packaging material, and the packaging material provides a sterile environment for the sterilized endoscope, the sterilized treatment instrument, and the sterilized guide wire.

Abstract: An endoscope, comprising: an insertion portion insertable into an inside of a subject; an observation window provided in a distal end portion of the insertion portion; a liquid feeding channel extending through the distal end portion of the insertion portion; and at least one liquid feeding port. In operation, liquid exits the at least one liquid feeding port, and liquid exiting the at least one liquid feeding port is directed in a first direction away from the observation window and toward the inside of the subject.

Abstract: An endoscope comprises: an insertion portion comprising a distal end portion, the distal end portion including a distal end surface; a flow passage formed in the insertion portion, the flow passage including a fluid ejection port formed in the distal end surface and the flow passage configured to supply a fluid via the fluid ejection port to an environment outside of the insertion portion; and a suction passage formed in the insertion portion, the suction passage including a suction port formed in the distal end surface. The distal end surface includes a deflection surface formed integrally with the distal end portion. The deflection surface covers a part of the fluid ejection port. The deflection surface is positioned so that the fluid supplied via the fluid ejection port contacts the deflection surface and is deflected in a first direction. The first direction does not intersect the suction port.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an objective optical system provided in a distal end portion of an insertion portion, and a light splitting element configured to split a light beam from an objective optical system into a plurality of light beams including a first light beam and a second light beam. The first light beam is reflected by a reflection mirror, and is formed into an image on a first image pickup device. The second light beam is formed into an image on a second image pickup device. The first image pickup device and the second image pickup device are disposed adjacent to the light splitting element at positions different from each other with respect to an optical axis of the light beam from the objective optical system.

Abstract: A treatment tool includes a tubular member including an opening and a tubular member main body that has a tubular shape. The tubular member is configured to suction a tissue piece through the opening. The treatment tool includes a blade member provided on an opening edge of the opening.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an insertion portion formed along a longitudinal axis extending from a proximal end to a distal end; a light guide having an optical characteristic that enables transmitting lithotriptic light and illuminating light having respective wavelength bands that are different from each other, from the proximal end toward the distal end of the insertion portion; and a treatment instrument insertion channel provided in the insertion portion, the treatment instrument insertion channel extending from the proximal end to the distal end.

Abstract: A method of finding a set of corresponding points in images to be registered. According to the method, an input unit of the system receives a first user input, indicative of a reference point in an intraoperative image. A processing unit sets a reference area surrounding the reference point and converts the image data points in the reference area to a intraoperative point cloud. The input unit receives a second user input, indicative of a candidate point in a preoperative image. The processing unit sets a search area surrounding the reference point and converts the image data points in the reference area to a preoperative point cloud. By comparing geometric feature descriptors of the image data points, the processing unit finds a target point in the preoperative image corresponding to the reference point and defines the points as set of corresponding points.

Abstract: A method of estimating a partial deformation of an organ in which point clouds are calculated from intraoperative image data captured before and after a partial deformation motion of an organ. Geometric feature vectors are assigned to unmoving points, whose position does not change due to the partial deformation motion. Difference vectors indicating the change of the geometric feature vectors due to a change of position of moving in proximity to the unmoving points are utilized to estimate the partial deformation motion of the organ.

Abstract: An image pickup unit includes a distal end member including a recess portion, an image pickup device unit, and an objective lens unit. The recess portion is formed such that a spatial cross-sectional area of the recess portion increases continuously or stepwise from a bottom surface toward an opening. The objective lens unit is fixed to the recess portion by a sealing material injected in a gap.

Abstract: A medical apparatus includes an inflow tube having a first conduit having a first inner diameter. An outflow tube has a second conduit having a second inner diameter. An intermediate tube has a first end and a second end, the first end connected to the inflow tube and the second end connected to the outflow tube. The intermediate tube has a third inner diameter, the third inner diameter being larger than the first inner diameter and the second inner diameter. The intermediate tube defines a flow path. The flow path includes a first flow path configured to direct a liquid flowing along the flow path in a first direction, and a second flow path configured to direct the liquid flowing along the flow path in a second direction. The first direction is opposite to the second direction.

Abstract: An electronic module includes: a mount table including a first electrode mounting surface on which an electronic component is mounted; a plurality of electrode mount parts that are formed in the mount table and at which lands corresponding to a plurality of respective electrodes of the electronic component are formed on the first electrode mounting surface; a step part located between the plurality of electrode mount parts and including a predetermined step relative to the first electrode mounting surface of the mount table; and a solder withdrawing part at which an end part of a corresponding one of the lands is extended to the step part or a side surface of the mount table.

Abstract: Insertion device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes: an insertion device, comprising an insertion portion configured to be inserted into a subject. At least one traction member configured to pull a distal end side portion of the insertion portion. An operation portion provided on a proximal end side of the insertion portion. At least one sheath member inserted through the insertion portion, wherein the at least one traction member is inserted through an inner channel in the at least one sheath member. A rotating member to which one end of the at least one traction member is connected, the rotating member configured to rotate, with an external operation force, around a first axis of a first shaft member provided in the operation portion.

Abstract: An insertion device comprising an insertion portion configured to be inserted into a subject and having a longitudinal axis in a state of forming a straight line. A bending portion is provided at a distal end side of the insertion portion. A bending tube is provided in the bending portion. A traction member is disposed in the bending portion. The bending tube includes a first joint ring and a second joint ring. The first joint ring is joined to the second joint ring in an adjacent manner. The first joint ring has a first contact portion where the traction member contacts an outer peripheral portion of the first joint ring. The second joint ring has a second contact portion where the traction member contacts an inner peripheral portion of the second joint ring. Application of tension on the traction member bends the bending portion.

Abstract: An endoscope includes, in an insertion section, a bending tube covered with a first skin, a flexible tube covered with a second skin, a thread wound around a joining section of the first skin and the second skin, first resin covering the thread and having a modulus of elasticity of 0.5 GPa or more and 5 GPa or less, and second resin covering the first resin, extended from both ends of the first resin respectively to ranges of 100 ?m or more, and having a modulus of elasticity of 0.3 MPa or more and 100 MPa or less.

Abstract: A method of cholecystitis treatment according to an aspect of the present disclosure comprises a step A including contacting inner walls of a gallbladder to each other by constricting the gallbladder and a step B including maintaining the inner walls of the gallbladder contacting each other.

Abstract: A diagnosis support system includes a processor. The processor is connected to a plurality of classifiers that are different in performance. The processor displays performance information of each of the classifiers side by side, receives a user's selection of the performance information displayed side by side, and inputs an input image to the classifier associated with the performance information selected by the user.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a flexible tube for endoscope includes a step of extending a core material obtained by covering an outer circumference of a bar-like resin member with a first mesh tube in a major axis direction and winding a spiral tube around an outer circumference of the core material, a step of covering an outer circumference of the spiral tube with a second mesh tube, a step of molding an outer skin of a resin around an outer circumference of the second mesh tube and causing the resin to penetrate to a surface of the spiral tube, and a step of removing only the core material from a stacked tubular member formed by the core material, the spiral tube and the second mesh tube.

Abstract: An endoscopic system includes a processor. The processor generates from a measured value of pressure in a lumen of a subject a first temporal change image of the pressure in the lumen, generates an observation image for observing an opened/closed state of a valve portion in the lumen of the subject in real time from an image pickup signal obtained by picking up an image of the opened/closed state of the valve portion in the lumen in real time using an endoscope, and generates a superposition image by superposing the first temporal change image and the observation image in a temporally synchronized manner.

Abstract: An electronic module includes: an integrated circuit including a first mounting surface; a solid wiring board including a second mounting surface and a third mounting surface within a horizontally projected area corresponding to the integrated circuit; both the second and third mounting surfaces face the first mounting surface of the integrated circuit and disposed at positions with different distances to the first mounting surface. An electrode surface of an electronic component mounted in a space formed between the first and the third mounting surfaces, and an electrode surface of the second mounting surface are arranged substantially parallel to a surface of the integrated circuit on which electrodes are aligned. The electrode on the second mounting surface and the electrodes of the integrated circuit are electrically connected to each other. The electrode of the electronic component is electrically connected to the electronic component and the electrodes of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: An optical module for endoscope includes a light emitting element, an optical fiber, a ferrule to which the light emitting element is bonded, a wiring board to which the ferrule is bonded, and a resin disposed between the ferrule and the wiring board, wherein the ferrule has a first principal surface made of a transparent material, a second principal surface, and a side surface, the second principal surface has an opening of an insertion hole, the second principal surface has an opening of a groove communicating with the insertion hole, the side surface has an opening of the groove, and a first distance between the opening of the groove on the side surface and the first principal surface is greater than a second distance between the bottom surface of the insertion hole and the first principal surface.

Abstract: An electronic module includes a first structure including a flat mounting surface on which an integrated circuit is mounted and a wiring surface including a surface including a portion that changes in a direction perpendicular to the mounting surface, a wire connected to the integrated circuit being extended on the wiring surface, a second structure disposed with a dielectric region interposed with respect to the wiring surface of the first structure, a metal pattern being provided on the second structure, and at least one spacer member that equalizes thickness of the dielectric region between the wire and the metal pattern in an entire range between the mounting surface and the wiring surface including the surface including the portion that changes in the direction perpendicular to the mounting surface.

Abstract: An endoscope processor includes a processor that can be connected to an endoscope including a moving mechanism of a focusing lens included in an objective optical system and an image pickup apparatus. The processor is configured to determine whether or not a transition has been made from a screening state to a proximity state based on positional information of the focusing lens and an image in a proximity determination mode when a variation in an image height in an effective image range with control of the moving mechanism is 1% or less, and when it is determined that a transition has been made to the proximity state, the processor is configured to end the proximity determination mode and control the moving mechanism in an autofocus mode.

Abstract: A suture method includes a first arrangement step of using a first treatment device including first/second grasping pieces to hook the first grasping piece to a first position of peripheral tissues of a lesion; a second arrangement step of hooking the second grasping piece to a second position of the peripheral tissues; a grasping step of grasping the first position and the second position while pressing the first position and the second position to the peripheral tissues; a retracting step of retracting the lesion site toward a proximal end side of the first treatment device while drawing the first position and the second position grasped by the first treatment device; and a suturing step of suturing a first suturing position at an external side of the first position and a second suturing position at an external side of the second position in the peripheral tissues.

Abstract: A laser light irradiation system that irradiates a stone in a body with laser light to cause the stone to be dust, the laser light irradiation system including a laser fiber that emits the laser light, and a processor configured to control a frequency of the laser light emitted from the laser fiber, wherein the processor is configured to switch between first laser light of a first frequency and second laser light of a second frequency such that the second laser light is emitted at least before or after an emission timing of the first laser light, the first laser light generating a water flow that pulls the stone toward the laser fiber, the second laser light generating a water flow that stirs the stone.

Abstract: An endoscope according to an embodiment includes an elongated insertion section including a bending section configured to bend in at least an up-down direction by internally-disposed two or more wires being towed, an operation section including a grasping section, the operation section, a bending operation unit including a joystick for bending the bending section and provided in the operation section, two actuators respectively including turning shafts, the two turning shafts being internally disposed in the grasping section in a longitudinal direction of the grasping section, the two actuators being disposed side by side along a plane parallel to an operation direction of an operation member for bending the bending section in the up-down direction, and a conversion mechanism including a rotation torque transmission mechanism and a tensile force transmission mechanism, the conversion mechanism converting the rotation torque into the tensile force.

Abstract: The ultrasonic transducer has a cylindrical shape having a first end surface and a second end surface, and includes a piezoelectric material that generates ultrasonic vibration for treating biological tissue with ultrasonic energy, a first electrode that is disposed in contact with the first end surface and to which an ultrasonic driving voltage is applied for generating ultrasonic vibration to the piezoelectric material, a second electrode that is disposed in contact with the second end surface and to which a reference voltage is applied for generating ultrasonic vibration to the piezoelectric material, an insulating plate that opposes the second end surface with the second electrode interposed therebetween, a third electrode that opposes the second electrode with the insulating plate and to which high-frequency power for treating biological tissue is supplied with high-frequency energy, and a short-circuit prevention unit that prevents short-circuiting between the first and third electrodes.

Abstract: An ultrasound signal processing apparatus includes: a receiver configured to receive a positive phase ultrasound reception signal and a negative phase ultrasound reception signal; and a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to perform phasing addition on each of the positive phase ultrasound reception signal and the negative phase ultrasound reception signal, and adding the positive phase ultrasound reception signal subjected to the phasing addition and the negative phase ultrasound reception signal subjected to the phasing addition with shifting of a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: Treatment tool includes a fixed handle, a shaft extending distally from the fixed handle, a treatment portion projecting distally from the shaft and configured to treat biological tissue, a jaw pivotably rotatably with respect to the shaft and, with the treatment portion, configured to grasp the biological tissue therebetween, a movable handle extending proximally from the jaw and causing the jaw to open and close relative to the treatment portion by proximally approaching or separating from the fixed handle, and a first adjusting member provided on the movable handle and having an extension protruding toward the fixed handle and, when the movable handle is brought into close proximity to the fixed handle, abutting the fixed handle. Changing the amount (length) by which the extension of the first adjusting member protrudes from the movable handle, adjusts an amount of the stroke of the movable range of the movable handle.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator for generating a high-frequency AC voltage for an electrosurgical instrument, having a high-voltage inverter that generates and outputs a high-frequency AC voltage. A filter having a parallel capacitor is on an output line. A measuring sensor circuit having a current divider, which has a capacitive coupling to a series-connected shunt as bypass with respect to the parallel capacitor, and having a voltage detection circuit connected to the shunt. The shunt has a considerably lower impedance than the capacitive coupling. This gives rise to a proportional ratio between the current flowing through the parallel capacitor on the output line of the electrosurgical generator and the current through the shunt. This current is converted into a voltage, which is detected. The current at the output of the inverter is determined quickly and accurately thanks to the proportional relationship. This may be used for feedback and improved monitoring and regulation.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator for an electrosurgical instrument includes DC voltage supply and high-voltage inverter that generates high-frequency AC voltage having variable voltage and frequency. Inverter is multilevel inverter controlled by reference signal and having at least two groups of series-connected inverter cells, wherein each group is supplied with different DC voltage and wherein the voltages output by the two groups are summed to be output at output. Group supplied with higher voltage enables fast and large voltage changes with its inverter cells, while inverter cells of other group supplied with lower voltage allow fine setting with high change speed. Dynamic range is improved both from temporal viewpoint and in terms of increased voltage span. The number of HVC cells to be switched may furthermore be varied by way of modulator, wherein further number of LVC cells are switched in an opposing manner for compensation purposes. Switching losses may be reduced.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator for an electrosurgical instrument includes a DC voltage supply and a high-voltage inverter that generates a high-frequency AC voltage having a variable voltage and frequency that is output at an output for the connection of the electrosurgical instrument. The inverter is configured as a multilevel inverter and includes a plurality of inverter cells connected in a cascaded manner that are driven by a control device. Thanks to the cascading, switching losses incurred in the power semiconductors are reduced, both in terms of value (through the divided and thus lower voltage) and in terms of frequency (through the reduced switching frequency).

Abstract: A method including: upon or during the insertion of an endoscope shaft into a trocar sleeve, detecting first brightness values at a distal end of the endoscope shaft by an image sensor over time and detecting a first temporal brightness profile depending on the detected first brightness values and the time, and/or upon or during the withdrawal of the endoscope shaft from the trocar sleeve, detecting second brightness values at the distal end of the endoscope shaft by the image sensor over time and detecting a second temporal brightness profile depending on the detected second brightness values and the time.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes an endoscope including an insertion portion including a bending portion, a grasping portion arranged at a proximal end portion of the insertion portion, and an electric actuator configured to bend the bending portion, and an operation unit including an operation member configured to operate the electric actuator and a transmission member configured to wirelessly transmit operation information of the operation member to the electric actuator.

Abstract: There is provided an objective optical system, an image pickup apparatus, and an endoscope that are short in overall length and simple in structure and have a focusing function. The objective optical system includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a positive front lens group and a positive rear lens group. Focusing is performed by moving the front lens group along the optical axis. The front lens group includes, in order from the object side, a negative first lens, a positive second lens, an aperture stop, and a positive third lens, as lenses having refractive power. The rear lens group includes, in order from the object side, a positive cemented fourth lens and a positive fifth lens having a convex surface facing toward the object. The objective optical system satisfies the following conditional expression (1): 0.35<FL/Ff<0.85??(1).

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion including a bending portion, an operation portion including an operation lever, a grasping portion including an actuator, and a tube body, in a continuous manner. When the operation lever is tilted, the actuator pulls a wire, whereby the bending portion is bent in a vertical direction and a lateral direction. The actuator is arranged such that a center of gravity of a portion including the insertion portion, the operation portion, the grasping portion, and the tube body is within a range in which at least one of the fourth finger or the fifth finger of the hand grasping the grasping portion is positioned, in a longitudinal direction of the grasping portion.

Abstract: A medical device and a method of operating a medical device, wherein the device includes a medical function assembly, a control assembly, a user interface, and a user information element, configured to display information about a type of the medical device, wherein the control assembly includes a memory element in which different operating parameters for the medical function assembly are storable and wherein the control assembly is configured to control the medical function assembly to perform different medical functions as a function of operating parameters stored in the memory element, wherein the control assembly is further configured to control the user information element to display information about the operating parameters stored in the memory element. The medical device wherein the user information element is configured to continue to reproduce the information after being controlled once by the control assembly, independent of continued control by the control assembly.

Abstract: Treatment instrument includes a housing having a fixed handle to be grasped by a user, an end effector for grasping biological tissue by opening and closing, a movable handle which is rotatable with respect to the housing and moves in a direction toward or away from the fixed handle by rotating with respect to the housing, an opening and closing mechanism for opening and closing the end effector according to the rotation of the movable handle, a first fulcrum serving as a first rotation shaft for rotating the movable handle, a first slot through which the first fulcrum is inserted, a second fulcrum provided at a position different from the first fulcrum and serving as a second rotation shaft for rotating the movable handle, and a second slot through which the second fulcrum is inserted.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source that emits illumination light, an image sensor that captures an image of an object toward which the illumination light is emitted, and a processor. The processor is configured to determine whether a fluid is present in the object. If the fluid is not present in the object, the processor switches to a first observation mode in which to illuminate the object by first illumination light. If the fluid is present in the object, the processor switches to a second observation mode in which to illuminate the object by second illumination light. The second illumination light includes is larger than the first illumination light in a relative ratio of long wavelength components.

Abstract: A multilayer board includes: a front-side layer; an intermediate layer; a back-side layer; the front-side layer; a first ground terminal and a second ground terminal for connecting ground lines of a plurality of shield lines to be connected to the multilayer board; a plurality of signal line connecting terminal arrays each including a plurality of signal line connecting terminals for connecting respective signal lines of the shield lines; and a wire having a thermal conductivity, the wire extending to the second end on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An image processing system includes a processor, the processor performing processing, based on association information of an association between a biological image captured under a first imaging condition and a biological image captured under a second imaging condition, of outputting a prediction image corresponding to an image in which an object captured in an input image is to be captured under the second imaging condition. The association information is indicative of a trained model obtained through machine learning of a relationship between a first training image captured under the first imaging condition and a second training image captured under the second imaging condition. The processor is capable of outputting a plurality of different kinds of prediction images based on a plurality of trained models and the input image, and performs processing, based on a given condition, of selecting the prediction image to be output among a plurality of prediction images.