Abstract: A laryngopharyngoscope retractor system including: a plurality of components including: a base frame with a coupling region and a spatula holder that is adjustable in terms of position and orientation by way of adjusting screws; a spatula that is releasably fastenable in the spatula holder; two cheek holder adapters that are releasably fastenable to the base frame; and two cheek holders, each of which is releasably fastenable to a respective cheek holder adapter, wherein one or more of the base frame, the spatula holder, the spatula, the cheek holder adapter and the cheek holder, in the respective regions provided for the releasable connection to another one of the plurality of components have a visible unique code that corresponds to the corresponding regions on the other of the plurality of components.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a processor configured to carry out a reversal process on a side image of a subject picked up with an image pickup device, the reversal process reversing an order of a plurality of pixels located in the side image and arranged from a predetermined position in a radial direction, and cause a display apparatus to display a front image and the side image of the subject picked up with the image pickup device as a display image. The processor adjusts the timing at which the front image is displayed in such a way that the front image acquired simultaneously with the side image is displayed at a timing that accords with the timing at which the side image having undergone the reversal process is displayed on the display apparatus.

Abstract: An optical unit includes a movable section that holds a movable lens group and includes a rotation restricting section, a fixed section that holds a fixed lens group and has specific permeability larger than 1.0, n thinned-down sections being provided in the fixed section, and a voice coil motor including an n magnet sections disposed at every (360/n)° around a center axis of the movable section and a coil section disposed in the fixed section. The n magnet sections are respectively housed in n thinned-down sections in a noncontact manner. The n thinned-down sections are formed in asymmetrical positions different from every (360/n)° around the center axis.

Abstract: An insertion assist system includes a guide member and a shift member. The guide member brings an outside bend of a peripheral surface of an insertion body into contact with a guide surface of the guide member. The shift member shifts a direction of the distal end of the insertion body. The shift member comes into contact with an inside bend of the peripheral surface of the insertion body when the insertion body is bent. The shift member bends the insertion body toward the guide surface about the guide surface as a fulcrum when the shift member comes into contact with the inside bend and bends the insertion body.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to a treatment tool having a blade. The blade includes a treatment surface configured to engage with a treatment target. A heater is configured to be coupled to the blade. The heater includes respective first and second heat generating surfaces each of which extending in a direction transverse to the treatment surface. Respective first and second thermally conductive members each of which is interposed between the respective first and second heat generating surfaces and the blade so as to thermally engage the respective first and second heat generating surfaces and the blade to one another. The respective first and second thermally conductive members includes respective first and second thermal conductivity anisotropies each of which being higher in longitudinal directions of the blade and each of which being lower in widthwise directions of the blade that are transverse to the longitudinal directions.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source configured to generate violet light, blue light, green light, and red light, a filter switching mechanism configured to change a spectrum of the green light emitted from the light source, a light amount adjustment circuit configured to respectively adjust light amounts of lights in three colors, that is, the violet light, the blue light, and the red light, an image sensor configured to pick up an image of an object illuminated with the green light including the spectrum changed by the filter switching mechanism and the lights in the three colors respectively including the light amounts adjusted by the light amount adjustment circuit, and a highlighting processing circuit configured to subject an image obtained by image pickup of the object illuminated with the green light including the spectrum changed by the filter switching mechanism to highlighting processing.

Abstract: A connector apparatus of the present invention includes a receptacle into which a plug is inserted, a moving member configured to move in conjunction with insertion of the plug, and a sensor provided below the receptacle and configured to detect presence or absence of the plug in the receptacle, in which the moving member includes a first portion extending downward, a second portion, one end of which is connected to the first portion and another end of which is located above the one end, and a third portion, one end of which is connected to the second portion and configured to move in conjunction with the insertion of the plug to thereby switch between a first state in which the plug is disposed in a predetermined region and a second state in which the plug is not disposed in the predetermined region.

Abstract: A vibration transmitting member transmits ultrasonic vibration generated by an ultrasonic transducer from a proximal side toward a distal side. The vibration transmitting member includes a connection connected to the ultrasonic transducer. When a reference vibration node, which is located most proximally among vibration nodes occurring on the distal side relative to the connection, is defined, while the vibration transmitting member vibrates at a resonance frequency in a predetermined frequency range, a cross-sectional area decreasing part is provided between the connection and the reference vibration node. In the cross-sectional area decreasing part, a cross-sectional area perpendicular to a longitudinal direction gradually decreases from the distal side toward the proximal side.

Abstract: A cleaning tool for insertion device includes a first fluid supply conduit, a second fluid supply conduit, a first cap component, and a second cap component, wherein a first discharge port and a third discharge port are disposed at positions where a discharging direction of fluid discharged from the first discharge port and a discharging direction of fluid discharged from the third discharge port are parallel or coaxial to each other in a vertical direction of a distal end portion of an insertion device, and a second discharge port and a fourth discharge port are disposed at positions where a discharging direction of fluid discharged from the second discharge port and a discharging direction of fluid discharged from the fourth discharge port are parallel or coaxial to each other in a lateral direction of the distal end portion of the insertion device.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a processor that performs image processing on endoscope image data acquired by an endoscope, which is inserted in a subject and observes an inside of the subject. The processor communicate with a terminal device including a transceiver configured to transmit identification information identifying the terminal device, and a controller configured to: determine whether the processor is a connection destination configured to perform two-way communication, based on the received processor identification information, authenticate whether a user of the terminal device is a predetermined registered user by analyzing data obtained by the terminal device from the user, and allow two-way communication between the processor and the terminal device in response to the processor being determined as the connection designation to perform two-way communication and in response to authenticating the user of the terminal device.

Abstract: An optical-scanning-type observation probe is provided with: an imaging optical system that illumination light scanned by an optical scanner enters and that focuses the illumination light in the form of a spot, multiple times; a projection optical system that emits illumination light coming from a focus position focused by the imaging optical system, toward a subject in the form of a spot; and a light-receiver that is provided independently of the imaging optical system and the projection optical system and that receives reflected light of the illumination light, the reflected light coming from the subject, via a light path different from that of the imaging optical system and the projection optical system.

Abstract: A high frequency treatment instrument can be opened and closed between a first grasping jaw and a second grasping jaw. A lumen is formed inside the first grasping jaw. The first grasping jaw includes an electrode disposed on a side toward which the first gasping jaw is closed, with respect to the lumen. The electrode has an electrode surface arranged opposite the second grasping jaw and extending from a proximal end portion to a distal end portion of the first grasping jaw. The first grasping jaw has a distal end wall disposed opposing from a distal end side of the first grasping jaw toward a distal end edge of the electrode surface, and a clearance between the distal end edge of the electrode surface and the distal end wall communicates to the lumen and opens toward the side toward which the first grasping jaw is closed.

Abstract: A diagnostic imaging support system includes: an image input unit that receives an input of an image; a first processing unit that detects a region of interest including a subject of interest from the image, classifies the detected region of interest, and outputs a first classification result; and a second processing unit that subjects the region of interest to semantic segmentation, classifies the region of interest based on a result of the semantic segmentation, and outputs a second classification result. When a predetermined condition related to the region of interest is met, the first classification result is employed as indicating a class of the region of interest, and, when the condition is not met, the second classification result is employed as indicating the class of the region of interest.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes one or more processors including hardware. The one or more processors are configured to: divide, regarding a plurality of images acquired by capturing images of an imaging subject over time, the respective images into a plurality of regions; calculate, for the respective divided regions, motion vectors by detecting movements of the imaging subject; detect luminances and contrasts of the respective regions and detect specific regions where the detected luminances and contrasts satisfy determination conditions, the determination conditions being that the luminances are equal to or greater than a first threshold and that the contrasts are equal to or less than a second threshold; select the motion vectors to be used by excluding the motion vectors of the detected specific regions from the calculated motion vectors; and generate a combined image by performing position alignment of the plurality of images by using the selected motion vectors.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus includes: a light source device that projects light or light of which intensity is periodically modulated onto a measurement object; a light receiver that receives backscattered light of light projected by the light source device from the measurement object; and a processor comprising hardware, the processor being configured to: measure TOF information of the light projected by the light source device and the backscattered light received by the light receiver; acquire distances from a surface of the measurement object to the light source device and the light receiver; and calculate an internal propagation distance in the measurement object according to the measured TOF information and the acquired distances.

Abstract: The endoscope objective optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens group having a positive refractive power, a second lens group having a negative refractive power, and a third lens group having a positive refractive power. A lens surface positioned nearest to an image side in the second lens group is a concave surface which is directed toward the image side. The second lens group moves along an optical axis.

Abstract: A bend information computation apparatus includes a generation unit and a bend information arithmetic operator. The generation unit generates suppression information that suppresses first information representing a variation in spectrum not derived from a bend of a detection target provided in a light guide on the basis of light source spectrum information. The bend information arithmetic operator operates second information representing a variation in spectrum derived from the bend on the basis of a spectrum of light guided by the light guide, operates third information representing a variation in spectrum derived only from the bend on the basis of the second information and the suppression information, and operates bend information on the basis of the third information.

Abstract: An image recording and reproduction apparatus includes: a record data generation circuit configured to generate record data based on an inputted video signal; an operation input device configured to receive a signal generated based on an operation of one or more persons, for one or more operation instructors that accept an operation for adding chapter information to the video signal; an operation system determination circuit configured to determine at least one of the operation instructor generating the signal received by the operation input device, and a person performing the operation, and output a determination result; and a first processor configured to cause the record data generation circuit to generate the record data that associates the chapter information with the video signal, by generating chapter information of a chapter type based on the determination result of the operation system determination circuit, and supplying the information to the record data generation circuit.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator having connectors for an electrosurgical instrument including a high-voltage generator electrically connected to the connectors and produces a high-frequency alternating current in its activated state and output said high-frequency alternating current via the connectors. The electrosurgical generator has an effective power determination unit including a phase shift determination unit that supplies an output signal representing a phase shift between the current and the voltage of an alternating current output during operation. The phase shift determination unit produces a pulsed DC voltage signal, in which the pulse width reflects a time difference between the zero crossings of the current and the voltage—and consequently the phase shift—and to process the pulsed DC voltage signal by way of a low-pass filter to form a low-pass filter output signal, the magnitude of which depends on the pulse width of the pulses of the pulsed DC voltage signal.

Abstract: An examination image storage stores a plurality of examination images having image-capturing time information. A voice processing unit extracts information regarding a finding by recognizing voice that is input to a microphone, and an extracted information storage stores the extracted information regarding the finding and voice time information in association with each other. A grouping processing unit groups a plurality of examination images into one or more image groups based on the image-capturing time information. An association processing unit associates the information regarding the finding stored in the extracted information storage with an image group based on the voice time information. When one examination image is selected by a user, a finding selection screen generation unit generates a screen that displays information regarding a finding associated with an image group including the examination image that is selected.

Abstract: A catheter can include a catheter main body and a sheath that covers the catheter main body and can move along the longitudinal axis with respect to the catheter main body. An operating unit can be disposed at a proximal end portion of the sheath and can move the sheath and the catheter main body with respect to one another. The catheter main body can include a slit on an outer peripheral surface of a distal end portion and can extend along the longitudinal axis from a slit distal end to a slit proximal end side. An outside diameter of the distal end portion of the catheter main body is larger than an inside diameter of a distal end portion of the sheath when the distal end portion of the catheter main body is housed in the sheath.

Abstract: A medical manipulator system according to the present invention is provided with: a manipulator; a manipulator channel; a route that extends along the manipulator channel; a shape sensor that detects shape information of the manipulator channel; a shape-sensor driving portion that causes the shape sensor to be driven; a manipulator driving portion that causes the manipulator to be driven; a positional-information calculating portion that calculates positional information of the shape sensor on the basis of a driven amount of the shape-sensor driving portion; a shape estimating portion that estimates a bent shape of the manipulator on the basis of the shape information of the manipulator channel and the positional information; a control-parameter calculating portion that calculates a control parameter of the manipulator from the bent-shape information; and a manipulator controller that controls the manipulator on the basis of the control parameter.

Abstract: A control apparatus controls an operation of a self-propelled mechanism of an endoscope. The control apparatus includes a drive circuit that outputs a motor current, a motor current detection circuit that acquires a value relating to magnitude of the motor current as a detection value, a storage circuit that stores a limit value relating to the detection value, and a control circuit that performs an operation as a first controller that controls the drive circuit so as to stop the motor when it is determined that the detection value exceeds a value relating to the limit value, and performs an operation as a second controller that controls the drive circuit so as to stop the motor when it is determined that the detection value exceeds the value relating to the limit value.

Abstract: A polymeric device including: an elongated hollow tube having an outer surface; and a spiral fin wound around the outer surface of the hollow tube; wherein the hollow tube and the spiral fin are formed of a single unitary piece through a molding process. The polymeric device can further include a longitudinal projection projecting from the outer surface of the hollow tube, the longitudinal projection having a greater thickness than other portions of the hollow tube and the longitudinal projection extending at least a portion of a longitudinal length of the hollow tube.

Abstract: A stereoscopic-vision endoscope optical system includes a pair of objective optical systems, a pair of relay optical systems, and a pair of image forming optical systems. The image forming optical system includes a first lens unit, a first optical-path bending element, and a second optical-path bending element. The objective optical system and the relay optical system are disposed in a first optical path. A second optical path is formed between the first optical-path bending element and the second optical-path bending element. A third optical path is formed between the second optical-path bending element and a final image. The second optical path is positioned farther from the central axis, than the first optical path. The third optical path is positioned closer to the central axis, than the second optical path.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for conducting an ultrasonic-based inspection. The systems and methods perform operations comprising: receiving a plurality of scan plan parameters associated with generating an image of at least one flaw within a specimen based on acoustic echo data obtained using full matrix capture (FMC); applying the plurality of scan plan parameters to an acoustic model, the acoustic model configured to determine a two-way pressure response of a plurality of inspection modes based on specular reflection and diffraction phenomena; generating, by the acoustic model based on the plurality of scan plan parameters, an acoustic region of influence (AROI) comprising an acoustic amplitude sensitivity map for a first inspection mode amongst the plurality of inspection modes; and generating, for display, a first image comprising the AROI associated with the first inspection mode for capturing or inspecting the image of the at least one flaw.

Abstract: A variable stiffness device includes a shape-memory unit formed of at least two hollow shape-memory members connected together. Each of the shape-memory members is transitionable in phase between a first phase in which the shape-memory member is in a low stiffness state and a second phase in which the shape-memory member is in a high stiffness state. The shape-memory member in the high stiffness state has a higher level of stiffness than in the low stiffness state. Hollow portions of the shape-memory members are connected together so that the shape-memory unit has a lumen-like inner space configured to allow fluid for cooling the shape-memory members to flow. The variable stiffness device also includes a heating member configured to heat the shape-memory members.

Abstract: A variable stiffness actuator includes a shape-memory member, and a heater configured to receive power to heat the shape-memory member so as to cause the shape-memory member to change from a first phase as a low stiffness state to a second phase as a high stiffness state showing a higher stiffness than the low stiffness state. The actuator also includes a first conductive wire having one end connected to the heater and constituting a part of a power supply line for the heater, and a second conductive wire having one end connected to the other end of the first conductive wire, thicker than the first conductive wire, and having an electrical resistance per unit length lower than that of the first conductive wire.

Abstract: An acoustic technique can be used for performing non-destructive testing. For example, a method for acoustic evaluation of a target can include generating respective acoustic transmission events via selected transmitting ones of a plurality of electroacoustic transducers, and in response to the respective acoustic transmission events, receiving respective acoustic echo signals using other receiving ones of the plurality of electroacoustic transducers, and coherently summing representations of the respective received acoustic echo signals to generate a pixel or voxel value corresponding to a specified spatial location of the target. Such summation can include weighting contributions from the respective representations to suppress contributions from acoustic propagation paths outside a specified angular range with respect to a surface on or within the target, such as to provide an acoustic path-filtered total focusing method (PF-TFM).

Abstract: A medical system includes: a slave having at least one moving part; an operation device having at least one operation part; and a processor that controls operations of the slave based on a conversion table that associates operations of the moving part of the slave with inputs of the operation part of the operation device. The processor is programmed to execute: acquiring user identification information of a user of the slave, slave identification information of the slave, and operation device identification information of the operation device, and generating and proposing the conversion table based on the user identification information, the slave identification information, and the operation device identification information.

Abstract: A medical manipulator includes: an insertion portion, an end effector, a bend restraining unit, a position detector, an operation unit, a first drive unit, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to generate the first drive signal based on an output and the position of the bend restraining unit which is detected by the position detector. The output is output from the operation unit that operates the bending portion.

Abstract: A bending operation mechanism of an endoscope includes a bending operation lever, a seal unit having a tubular member and an elastic member. The elastic member has a fixed part attached to an outer circumference of the tubular member in a circumferential manner along a longitudinal axis direction N of the tubular member. An extending part that extends from an outer circumference of the fixed part to the outside of the fixed part in a radial direction K into a shape of a circle substantially concentric with the fixed part. A region extends from the outer circumference of the fixed part would extend with a predetermined angle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for conducting an ultrasonic-based inspection. The systems and methods perform operations comprising: receiving, by one or more processors, data indicative of a detected tag on a specimen, the tag associated with one or more ultrasonic-based inspections that were previously performed on the specimen; retrieving, by the one or more processors, based on the detected tag, configuration data for a non-destructive testing (NDT) instrument, the configuration data being associated with the one or more ultrasonic-based inspections that were previously performed on the specimen; generating, by the one or more processors, new configuration data for the NDT instrument to perform a new inspection of the specimen at least in part using the received configuration data; and performing the new inspection of the specimen based on spatially positioning the NDT instrument relative to a position of the tag on the specimen.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a plurality of processing units which are connected to a common data bus and performing predetermined processing on data read from a data storage unit connected to the data bus via the data bus. At least one of the processing units includes: a plurality of processing modules that are configured to perform predetermined processing on input data; an input/output module that is configured to operate as the processing module that directly inputs and outputs data from/to outside without passing through the data bus; and a connection switching unit that is configured to change a configuration of a pipeline by switching a connection between the processing modules according to input settings, and is an image processing unit that are configured to perform a pipeline processing by each of the processing modules constituting the pipeline.

Abstract: An optical module is configured being provided with: a first case fixed to an implementation surface of an implementation substrate to cover an LD and an LD driver; a first filler filled in the first case to seal the LD and the LD driver; a second case fixed to the implementation surface of the implementation substrate to cover the first case in a state of not adhering to the first case; a third case accommodating the implementation substrate and the second case inside; and a second filler filled in the third case to seal the implementation substrate and the second case.

Abstract: An endoscope processor includes: an acquisition circuit configured to acquire display size information on a display that is connected to the endoscope processor; a display condition setting circuit configured to set, according to the acquired display size information and properties of an imager of an endoscope that is connected to the endoscope processor, a monitor shift value representing an amount of shift between a first image and a second image corresponding to first image data and second image data, respectively, the first image data and the second image data each having parallax with respect to a same subject; and an image processor configured to shift the first image and the second image to generate display image data to be output to the display using the set monitor shift value.

Abstract: An image generation apparatus includes an objective optical system, an optical-path splitter, an image sensor, and an image processor. Both a first imaging area and a second imaging area are images of a field of view of the objective optical system. An outer edge of the first imaging area and an outer edge of the second imaging area are located at an inner side of a predetermined image pickup area, and an image of the outer edge located in the predetermined image pickup area is captured by the image sensor. The image processor has reference data, and in the image processor, a feature point is extracted on the basis of the imaging area. An amount of shift between the predetermined imaging area and the image sensor is calculated from the feature point and the reference data.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a light source apparatus, an image processing circuit configured to subject a first image or a second image obtained by irradiating first or second narrow band light to predetermined image processing and output the image, and a control circuit configured to perform control to acquire signal intensity information about a signal intensity of the image pickup signal outputted from the image pickup device in response to irradiation with the first narrow band light based on a current operation state of a light source configured to generate first narrow band light and further maintain a ratio of respective brightnesses of the first image and the second image used for generating the observation image to be a predetermined ratio based on the signal intensity information.

Abstract: An objective optical system includes in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group, and a third lens group having a positive refractive power. At a time of focusing, the second lens group moves in an optical axial direction. The third lens group includes, from the object side to the image side, a front group and a rear group. The front group includes a cemented lens having a positive refractive power or includes a single lens having a positive refractive power. The rear group includes a cemented lens having a positive refractive power, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.45<d3t/f32<0.8??(1).

Abstract: In an endoscope device, a light source unit is configured to sequentially emit first illumination light and second illumination light. The first illumination light includes visible light. The second illumination light includes first excitation light. At least the second illumination light out of the first illumination light and the second illumination light includes second excitation light. An excitation wavelength blocking filter has a characteristic of blocking a wavelength band of the first excitation light and a wavelength band of the second excitation light and a characteristic of transmitting a wavelength band of the visible light, a wavelength band of first fluorescence, and a wavelength band of second fluorescence. An imaging unit is configured to capture an image of the visible light, the first fluorescence, and the second fluorescence and configured to output a first imaging signal and a second imaging signal.

Abstract: A diagnosis assisting apparatus includes a processor. The processor is configured to detect at least one target region from an acquired image and output position information of the target region. The processor is also configured to classify the target region based on predetermined classification conditions corresponding to diagnosis indices and output diagnosis assisting information indicating a degree of seriousness of the target region. The processor is then configured to control a display image such that a first period, during which the diagnosis assisting information is displayed in a first region, is different from a second period, during which the position information is superimposed on the image in a second region and is displayed.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to a treatment instrument comprises an end effector having a pair of clamping members configured to pivot with respect to one another. A sheath is attached to the end effector along a longitudinal axis so that the end effector can be bent or curved. A drive shaft is connected to the end effector so as to guide the end effector to open or close the pair of clamping members relative to one another when moved in a longitudinal direction relative to the sheath. An elongated member is connected to the end effector and is configured to make the end effector bend or curve with respect to the sheath when moved in the longitudinal direction relative to the sheath. First and second members are configured to produce first and second forces sufficient to open or close the pair of clamping members.

Abstract: A detection device, comprising an image sensor provided with a plurality of pixels having a plurality of light receiving sections corresponding to a micro lens, capable of adding output signals of the plurality of light receiving sections in accordance with phase difference detection direction and outputting an added signal, and a processor for performing focus detection or depth detection using phase difference detection, based on the added signal of the image sensor, whereby the image sensor makes height of a potential barrier between the light receiving sections different in accordance with the plurality of phase difference detection directions, and the processor sets charge storage determination level differently in accordance with the phase difference detection direction, and controls charge storage operation of the image sensor based on the added signal and the charge storage determination level.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a display control system configured to calculate at least one index indicating a degree of abnormality of an object, according to a color included in an acquired object image, and to generate a display image in which the at least one index is identifiably displayed based on a predetermined threshold value that is set independently of the object image.

Abstract: In an endoscope device, a data reading unit reads measurement correction data corresponding to a type of an optical adapter from a first memory. A still image file generating unit generates a still image file including image data when moving image recording processing is performed. A data writing unit writes the measurement correction data in the still image file. A moving image file generating unit generates a moving image file including the image data when the moving image recording processing is performed. A file recording unit causes the still image file in which the measurement correction data is written, and the moving image file to be associated with each other and to be recorded in a second memory.

Abstract: A baby endoscope which forms a medical device includes: a rotary member; an exterior member which rotatably holds the rotary member about a predetermined rotation axis, houses the rotary member in the exterior member, and has a surface which is brought into contact with a portion of an outer peripheral surface of an operation section of a mother endoscope on an outer peripheral portion; and a bending operation lever mounted on the rotary member, and is disposed within a width of the exterior member in a direction of the rotation axis when the exterior member is viewed in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis.

Abstract: A light source apparatus for an endoscope includes an optical fiber that guides emission light emitted from a light source and is incident on a fiber end face, a ferrule having a ferrule end face having a through-hole in which the optical fiber is inserted, a holder to which the ferrule is fixed, the holder having a reflecting surface that reflects first reflected light to thereby emit second reflected light, the first reflected light being the emission light reflected on the fiber end face, and an optical sensor that receives the second reflected light disposed between the light source and the fiber end face and in a region facing the reflecting surface through an optical axis.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a long member that is connected to a direction changing portion provided in an insertion portion and enables the direction changing portion to move; a sliding member that includes a first contact portion that is brought into contact with an inner surface of a guide tube that allows insertion of the long member and a second contact portion that is brought into contact with the inner surface of the guide tube; a flow path that includes an opening portion formed in a direction that intersects a longitudinal axis of the sliding member such that a fluid flows into a clearance between the guide tube and the sliding member; and an operation member that causes the sliding member to move forward and backward relative to the guide tube.

Abstract: An immersion microscope objective includes a first lens group that consists of a first cemented lens consisting of a planoconvex lens and a first meniscus lens, the first meniscus lens having a thickness that is greater than a radius of curvature of a lens surface on an image side of the first meniscus lens, a second lens group that includes a plurality of second cemented lenses, a third lens group that consists of a third cemented lens, and a fourth lens group that includes a fourth cemented lens consisting of a plurality of meniscus lenses. The objective satisfies the relationship 2?h1/h2?4, where h1 indicates an axial marginal ray height at a lens surface of the third cemented lens that is closest to an object, and h2 indicates an axial marginal ray height at a lens surface of the third cemented lens that is closest to an image.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is directed to a treatment tool comprises a shaft to extend from a proximal-end side toward a distal-end side. A first jaw is disposed on the distal-end portion of the shaft. A second jaw having a gripping surface that faces the first jaw, an opposed back surface of the gripping surface and a first engaging portion. The second jaw is angularly movable about a turn axis of the first engaging portion so as to be opened or closed with respect to the first jaw. A movable shaft having a recess defined in a distal-end and is movable along the longitudinal axis with respect to the shaft for angularly moving the second jaw about the turn axis with respect to the first jaw. A cover having a protrusion that protrudes toward a proximal-end side of the second jaw and a second engaging portion formed on the protrusion.