Abstract: An arrangement for protecting an integrated circuit device (11) against latch up during a nuclear event comprising a capacitance (15) and a switch (17) connected in parallel across the power supply lines (13) of the device. When the power supply lines are connected to a power supply (19) the capacitance stores energy sufficient to supply necessary operating currents to the device during its normal operation. The switch is arranged so that, under a transient gamma pulse incident thereon during a nuclear event, its impedance is set to a low value at such a rate that the energy stored by the capacitance is discharged through the switch and the voltage applied to the device via the power supply lines is pulled down to such a level and at such a rate as to prevent transient gamma pulse induced latch-up in the device.

Abstract: In a switching circuit for use in a mobile telephone device in controllably transmitting a speech signal to a radio transmission unit through an output terminal (312), a first switch (31) is controlled by a control signal which is supplied to a control terminal (32) with a high level and a low level of putting the first switch in a conductive and a non-conductive state when a second switch (36) is put in its off and on states. A capacitor (35) is connected between the control terminal and the output terminal in order to make the switching circuit have a low output impedance when the first switch is put in its off state.

Abstract: A system of changing over an electric power source for an electric motor vehicle including a secondary battery and a generator. The system is provided with a changeover circuit for changing over a state of connection between the secondary battery and the generator; and a controller for determining a power supply mode on the basis of a vehicle speed and an electric current value for driving a motor, the controller being adapted to instruct a changeover to the power supply mode to the switching circuit, thereby allowing high-speed and long-distance running.

Abstract: A control lever is provided for actuating a deadman's switch or any other switch actuatable by a lever. The control lever is resilient and includes a base portion fixed to the support on which the switch is mounted and an actuator portion which is formed integral with the base portion and which extends over the switch. The actuator portion is deflectable into contact with the switch without the interaction of any pivot element, hinge, or any other connection of the control lever to the support. The lever can be easily actuated with any portion of the operator's hand and preferably is sufficiently resilient to prevent the function of the switch from being defeated by the insertion of a facing object between the lever and the switch and to prevent or at least inhibit damage to the switch due to overpressure on the lever. The lever is preferably pliable and thus can be bent or twisted in virtually any direction without damaging the lever.

Abstract: A method and a device for phase selection for single-pole tripping of high-impedance ground faults in direct grounded power networks. Starting from the ratio of the negative-sequence voltage to the zero-sequence current (U2/I0) and the ratio of the negative-sequence voltage to the positive-sequence voltage (U2/U1), two criteria with different conditions are formed, each of which indicating a faulted phase, and if both criteria indicate the same phase as faulted, single-pole tripping can take place.

Abstract: A drainwater/sewage treatment installation for producing electrical power and for regulating waterflow in a drainage network is provided. The installation comprises at least a first reservoir, at least a second reservoir below the first reservoir and conduits connecting the reservoirs. The invention combines a drainage network having a pumped energy storage hydroelectric station and at least a two reservoir system wherein the second reservoir is connected to the drainage network in order to be able to serve as a temporary storage facility for the purpose of spreading out peaks in the flow rate of rain water in the drainage network.

Abstract: A torque limiting drive and programmer/timer using same. A motor drives a driving member which has drive lugs engaging the central web of a plural-armed wave spring. The wave spring arms frictionally engaged radially oppositely facing annular friction surfaces on a driven member, which in a programmer/timer is the program cam, which upon rotation of the cam is operative for sequentially actuating electrical switches. User rotation of the cam when the motor is not operative allows the wave spring arms to slip against the annular friction surfaces permitting the user to position the cam as desired.

Abstract: An electrical generator system integrated controller device utilizing PID control and capable of regulating voltage or current, and frequency simultaneously. The device utilizes a micro-controller (30.1) to monitor the engine generator set (20), then determines the appropriate signal to deliver to the electrical generator set (20) to regulate the engine throttle (21) and the generator (22) field windings. The micro-controller (30.1) also provides for real and reactive load sharing with additional generator sets (40) while also providing for an integrated circuit interrupter module (500) to open the line from the generator (22) to the load bus (42). Additionally, serial communications (34) are provided as well as displays (35), meters (37), and operator input (36). Finally, the permissive paralleling module (700) provides that the engine electrical generator set (20) will not be allowed to be connected to the load bus (42) until standards of voltage and phase have been achieved for a set period of time.

Abstract: In a clocked power end stage for an inductive load with a free-wheeling circuit, the speed of variation of the voltage at a connecting point between a load and a switch device as well as the speed of variation of the load current flowing through the switch device is adjustable, and in fact independently of the speed of variation of the voltage. In this way, a voltage which is proportional to the load current and one which is proportional to the drain voltage are respectively differentiated, and the signals so received are superimposed on the control clock signal for the switch device. With these measures, the electromagnetic disturbances caused by the clocking can be reduced.

Abstract: An electrical circuit for adapting the independent brake lights and turn signal lights on a towing vehicle to the combined brake and turn signal lights on an associated trailer. An isolation network and a first CMOS exclusive OR integrated circuit are connected between the right turn signal light connection and brake light connection of the towing vehicle and the combined right turn signal and brake light connection on the trailer. An isolation network and a second CMOS exclusive OR integrated circuit are similarly connected between the left turn signal light connection and brake light connection of the towing vehicle and the combined left turn signal and brake light connection on the trailer. The isolation network prevents feedback from the electrical lighting system of the trailer to the electrical lighting system of the towing vehicle.

Abstract: The utilization of clusters of two or more metal oxide varistors (MOVs) connected in parallel for suppressing surges and transients. Particular embodiments are disclosed for both grounded and ungrounded power systems. Also disclosed are two-stage and multi-stage uni-directional and bi-directional suppressors. Uni-directional means that the suppressor is intended to be placed between a source and a load for the purpose-of preventing voltage surges and transients from being propagated from the source into the load. Bi-directional suppressors are intended to be placed between a source and a load and provide suppression in both directions simultaneously.

Abstract: An electric operating device for a circuit breaker includes a cam which is turned in a predetermined direction by an electric motor which rotates in response to operating signals, and a slider having cam engaging portions which make engagement and disengagement every half revolution of the cam, and an opening into which the handle of the circuit breaker is inserted, the slider being slidable in the directions of the "on" and "off" operations of the handle. In the device, in response to the "on" and "off" operations, the cam engaging portions of the slider are disengaged from the cam, respectively. With the device, the tripping of the circuit breaker handle can be displayed without an intricate mechanism nor an additional space.

Abstract: In a stationary contact unit of a gas circuit breaker, an arc-quenching cylinder for passing an arc-quenching insulation gas is formed in a substantially semicircular shape, and the stationary contact unit is supported by an insulation frame which is disposed beneath the dent part of the semicircular portion of the arc-quenching cylinder. The insulation frame is prevented from the degradation of dielectric strength between the stationary contact unit and a grounded tank, and the size of the gas circuit breaker is decreased.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for flexibly and elastically creating a nonbinding downhill effect is disclosed. The downhill effect physically translates the center-of-mass of rotating apparatus in a forward direction circumferential to the direction of motion which aids in the rotational motion. The downhill effect method and apparatus may be applied to electrical generating apparatus, rotational power takeoff apparatus, belt driven apparatus and even a wheel.

Abstract: An axial magnetic field high voltage vacuum interrupter for interrupting the flow of electrical current in high voltage electrical circuits has a housing with a vacuum therein and two switch contacts disposed within the housing. The switch contacts are movable with respect to each other between a first position in which they are in contact with each other and a second position in which they are separated from each other by a space sufficient to interrupt the current flow through them. One or both of the switch contacts comprise a plurality of helically coiled current-carrying bars, an electrically conductive stem portion conductively coupled to the helically coiled bars at one end, and an electrically conductive contact member conductively coupled to the helically coiled bars at another end. Each of the helically coiled bars has a first portion which extends radially outward from the stem portion and a second portion which is helically coiled about an axis substantially parallel with the stem portion.

Abstract: An error signal isolator circuit for conveying an error signal across an electrical isolation boundary such as an external pulse transformer employs a level shifting process whereby a controllable voltage is measured with respect to a reference voltage and, with any gain implemented in the process, is level shifted upward such that the higher potential is referenced to a supply voltage and the lower potential is used dynamically to control the magnitude of voltage conveyed in a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) process. In the PAM process, an ON pulse is terminated by monitoring when a PAM current has increased to a predetermined and controllable level. An ON pulse is initiated by monitoring when the voltage across a clamp diode has decayed below its normal forward bias level, indicating a commensurate decay in PAM current, following termination of the previous ON pulse.

Abstract: The specification discloses a solid state auto-reset circuit breaker intended for use in ac circuits, dc circuits and ac/dc circuits. A current sensing device is used to generate a voltage drop proportional to the current flowing through the device. When the voltage drop reaches a predetermined level, resulting from an over-current condition, it trips a control means that opens a solid state switch in the line. After a defined delay interval the circuit will automatically reset to close the solid state switch. If the over-current condition still exists, the control means will again open the solid state switch. This cycle is repeated at the delay interval until the over-current condition has subsided. Circuits are also disclosed which provide over-voltage protection, through detectors which trigger the control means when an over-voltage condition is detected. The application of the invention to lightning or surge protection is also disclosed, for single line and multiline environments.

Abstract: An in-line fluid medium driven charging system includes a fluid medium driven generator disposed in a fluid medium directing tube. The fluid medium driven generator includes an auger shaped, fluid medium engaging member and is coupled to an electrical generator. Rotation of the auger shaped, fluid medium engaging member by intercepting a flow of a fluid medium causes rotation of the electrical generator, thereby generating electrical energy which recharges and assists in maintaining the life of a battery in a moving vehicle.

Abstract: In a surge absorber, capable of suppressing a voltage surge and a current surge together without interrupting a signal transmission, an input electrode and an output electrode are spaced apart on the surface of a varistor substrate, and a resistance element is connected between the electrodes. A ground electrode is provided on the reverse side of the varistor substrate so as to face the input electrode with the varistor element therebetween. Thereby, a varistor element is formed by the input electrode and the ground electrode where a voltage surge and a current surge can be suppressed by the resistance element, and where a signal waveform is not weakened by capacitance of the varistor element, and ordinary signal transmission is not interrupted.

Abstract: An aerospace power control system switches an aerospace load from a faulty ac power bus to a good ac power bus of two or more ac power buses if the currently connected ac power bus is about to fail. The voltage level and frequency of the power provided on the buses are monitored to determine which of the power buses are within required limits to provide power to the aerospace load. If monitoring of the currently connected ac power bus indicates that the bus is not within the required limits and may be shut down in the immediate future, the connection of the aerospace load is switched to another ac power bus which is within the required limits. The current provided to the load is monitored to determine zero-crossing points of the current with the switch from the currently connected faulty bus to a good bus being performed at a zero-crossing point of the load current. The level of the current being provided to the aerospace load is also monitored to detect a faulty load condition.