Abstract: A hard fat product for food purposes, especially for margarine fat blends, from rapeseed oil having a low erucic acid content, and method for producing same.

Abstract: Growth of bacteria belonging to new species of genera Pseudomonas, Microcyclus and Hyphomicrobium upon culture media comprising sources of assimilable carbon, for example oxygenated hydrocarbons, and inorganic nutrients to produce protein compositions and/or other fermentation products, for example amino acids. The protein compositions produced are suitable for use as protein supplements in human and animal foods.

Abstract: Microbial cells having active enzymes associated therewith are subjected to flocculation conditions to produce a flocculated whole cell aggregate that is useful in effecting enzyme-catalyzed chemical transformations. Substrates are brought into contact with the flocculated cell aggregates where they undergo chemical transformations in the presence of active enzymes associated with the cells.

Abstract: Microbial cells having active enzymes associated therewith are subjected to flocculation conditions to produce a flocculated whole cell aggregate that is subsequently dried. The dried aggregate is useful in effecting enzyme-catalyzed chemical transformations. Substrates are brought into contact with the flocculated cell aggregates where they undergo chemical transformations in the presence of active enzymes associated with the cells.

Abstract: A continuous mashing process for producing wort in the production of beer comprises providing a mash mixture of malt and raw grains; continuously flowing the mash mixture through a mash reactor; and heating the mixture during its flow through the reactor to progressively raise the temperature of the mixture at an almost constant temperature gradient from approximately 30.degree. C at the reactor inlet end to approximately 80.degree. C at the reactor outlet end to thereby form mash. During its flow through the reactor, the mixture is agitated in a controlled manner to effectively prevent overheating thereof and facilitate the extraction and diffusion of the active ingredients in the mixture, and the agitation is carried out so as to prevent back-flow of the mash within the reactor. The mash is then filtered to produce wort.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for separating liquid and gas from a fermenter without allowing infecting organisms to penetrate back into the fermenter. A cyclone separator has a liquid outlet in its lower portion with an aseptic steam lock means which maintains liquid above minimum level to prevent passage of separated gas. Steam is fed through the outlet to sterilize it after opening. The gas is discharged through an outlet in the upper portion of the separator, the gas outlet also having aseptic lock means, preferably in the form of a steam jacket and valve on the gas outlet pipe.

Abstract: Water-soluble menthol glycosides are prepared by condensing menthol with a mono- or oligosaccharide, preferably a mono- or disaccharide, i.e., a sugar, or acyl derivative thereof, using a condensing agent or catalyst as needed. These glycosides are hydrolyzed by carbohydrase enzymes, as occur in the human mouth, or common acids, releasing menthol, and provide a more persistent flavor than menthol alone.

Abstract: A proteinaceous feedstuff for ruminants comprising the reaction product of a protein containing meal and from 2 to about 8 percent, based on the weight of the meal, of acetic acid, the meal thereby being rendered resistant to microbial breakdown in the rumen but not resistant to substantial digestive breakdown in the abomasum and intestines. This invention relates to a method for improving the protein utilization of ruminants. More specifically, this invention relates to modified protein feed compositions useful in ruminant nutrition which are resistant to microbial attack in the rumen but not resistant to substantial digestive breakdown in the abomasum and intestines.The rumen, the largest of the four stomach compartments of ruminants, serves as an important location for metabolic breakdown of ingested foodstuffs through the action of microorganisms which are present therein.

Abstract: A device useful in medical laboratories for receiving urine and performing analyses thereof is described. In a preferred embodiment urine flows into portions on either side of a unitary housing. The two side portions are interconnected by an overflow reservoir. Urine first fills a plurality of upper compartments having preselected volume and then overflows a weir into the reservoir. In the other side portion a trough receives urine and wicks transfer a limited quantity thereof to nutrient media. A sample tube in the second side portion collects urine for sedimentation analysis. Excess urine overflows to the reservoir. A float in the reservoir closes off the weirs when the reservoir is filled. An inner housing within the side portion with nutrient media is removable for incubation.In another embodiment the patient urinates into a receiving vessel having side apertures near its bottom and mounted on a float. Initially the urine flows from one aperture to a region beneath the float.

Abstract: Novel 3-aminocarbazole compounds of the formula: ##SPC1##WhereinX is hydrogen or halogen,Y is oxygen or represents two hydrogen atoms; andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen, lower alkyl or hydroxyalkyl or amino; andN is 1 or 2, with the proviso that when n is2, X, Y, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 cannot all be hydrogen atoms, as well as the salts thereof with inorganic and organic acids; are outstandingly effective indicators for the determination of glucose and provide stable compositions for such glucose determination.

Abstract: A low-cost, highly nutritious starch-NPN liquid feed supplement and method of producing same is provided wherein the supplement exhibits markedly superior protein synthesis and growth-inducing properties as compared with conventional, unprocessed NPN-fortified supplements notwithstanding the fact that the supplements hereof generally have lower theoretical nutritive values than such prior feeds. The preparative method preferably includes the steps of passing an aqueous slurry of a starch-bearing food source and an NPN substance such as urea through a hydrothermal-type cooker along with direct steam for turbulently heating, disrupting and gelatinizing the starch source in the presence of the NPN substance to thereby yield a reacted product which can be fed to ruminants as a low-cost, high-protein food source.

Abstract: A reagent for determining lipase activity, which comprises as the active ingredient one of the S-acyl compounds of the formula: ##EQU1## WHEREIN N IS AN INTEGER OF 2 TO 4, INCLUSIVE; N' IS AN INTEGER OF 2 TO 4, INCLUSIVE OR OF 9 TO 13, INCLUSIVE; M IS AN INTEGER OF 3, 7 OR 11; M' IS AN INTEGER OF 4 OR 12; Y IS AN INTEGER OF 1 OR 2; X is sulfur atom or oxygen atom; Y is sulfur atom, oxygen atom or ethylene group; provided that when y is 1, m' is 4 and when y is 2, m' is 12, and a method for determining lipase activity by reacting the S-acyl compound with lipase in a buffer solution containing a chromogenic sulfhydryl reagent and then subjecting the resultant to a colorimetry.

Abstract: A process for preparing flesh-containing products such as roast fowl and butcher's meat and pork-butcher's products such as hams, pies, sausages or other products, wherein pieces of raw or previously treated flesh and additive substances corresponding to the desired products are placed and enclosed under vacuum within vessels giving the desired products their final shape, the pieces of flesh, put into the vessels, undergoing a repeated vacuum action for de-aerating same.

Abstract: A method for preparing tannable pelts from animal skins or hides, said method effecting concurrent softening, dehairing, opening of the hide structure, and bating in a single procedural step, which method comprises treating said skins or hides, free of preserving salt, with an aqueous bath having a pH between about 9 and about 12 and having dissolved therein:A. an effective amount of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a fungus protease whose optimum efficacy towards casein is at a pH above 7.0, and which protease may be replaced in whole or in part by trypsin and/or papain and/or by a bacterial protease whose maximum efficacy lies at a pH from 6 to 9;B. an effective amount of a bacterial protease having an optimum efficacy against hemoglobin at a pH above 9; andC. an effective amount of a short-chained, primary or secondary aliphatic amine.

Abstract: A method of preparing a yeast enriched in L-lysine and capable of excreting an organic acid, such as citric acid, and possibly also isocitric and glutamic acids, when cultivated on a hydrocarbon-containing medium comprises subjecting a yeast of the species Candida lipolytica to the action of a mutagenic agent, such as a chemical agent or radiation, cultivating the thus-treated yeast in a culture medium containing a lysine analogue, preferably that to which the original yeast is most sensitive, in a concentration which is about 50 to 100 times greater than that to which the cells of the original yeast are most sensitive, and cultivating the resultant mutated resistant yeast on a medium containing at least one hydrocarbon such as a C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 normal paraffin as well as conventional nutrients, the cultivation preferably being effected in an agitated aerated medium at a pH of 3 to 6 and a temperature of 25.degree. to 30.degree. C..

Abstract: A dry, granular mix for making a potage instantly, i.e., in 1 minute or less, upon the addition of boiling or hot water. The mix granules have sizes in the range 10 mesh to 60 mesh, and are formed from a uniformly constituted mixture of certain pulverized dry potage ingredients that are coated with a fat component, and with a finely-divided dispersion aid distributed between the fat-coated particles. The fat component consists of an edible oil or fat and an oleophilic surfactant having an HLB value of about 6 or less.

Abstract: Antibiotic A-32390 complex, comprising factor A and other structurally related factors, is produced by cultivation of Pyrenochaeta sp. NRRL 5786 under submerged aerobic conditions, and isolated by extraction of the broth. Individual A-32390 factor A is separated by chromatography. The A-32390 complex, individual factor A and acyl ester derivatives of factor A inhibit dopamine-.beta.-hydroxylase and have antifungal, antibacterial, and hypotensive activity.

Abstract: .gamma.-Glutamyl-4-nitroanilide compounds of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein R is a .gamma.-glutamyl radical and X is an acid group, and salts of such compounds, are used to determine .gamma.-glutamyltranspeptidase by contacting a sample suspected of containing .gamma.-glutamyltranspeptidase with said compound and glycyl-glycine and determining the liberation of the resulting p-nitroaniline compound as a measure of the .gamma.-glutamyltranspeptidase activity initially present in the sample.

Abstract: Proteinaceous elements are produced by adding discrete portions, particularly drops of a coagulable protein solution, to a coagulating medium under conditions such that the material added is drawn out to form a product with a greatly increased surface area.

Abstract: Fish eggs which have been rendered hard and opaque by protein coagulation are made into fish egg bait by reacting them with an aqueous solution of urea under conditions predetermined to swell and plasticize the eggs and render them translucent.