Abstract: A beverage whitening composition for replacing cream or milk in a reduced volume comprising: cream having a higher butter fat content than the cream or milk to be replaced; milk having a lower butter fat content than the cream or milk to be replaced; and serum solids, such as skim milk powder. The composition has the beverage whitening ability of the cream or milk to be replaced in a target volume of from 30% to 95% of the volume of cream or milk to be replaced. The composition is formulated so that from 300 mL to 950 mL of the composition has the whitening ability of 1 liter of the cream or milk to be replaced. The composition is useful for replacing conventional coffee cream in dispensers containing bags of cream so as to reduce frequency of bag replacement.

Abstract: A base station transmits downlink control information on a first carrier starting from the first symbol of a first subframe and provides first transmission format and scheduling information for first data packets to be transmitted on a first data channel of the first carrier. The base station transmits control message(s) configuring radio resources of a second control channel of a second carrier. The radio resources comprise one or more sets of resource blocks in a subset of subframes. The control message indicates a starting OFDM symbol in a subframe and a frequency allocation for said second control channel.

Abstract: A switching node comprises edge nodes interconnected by independent switch units. The switch units are arranged in at least one switch plane and the switch units of each switch plane are arranged in a matrix having several rows and several columns. Each edge node has a channel to a switch unit in each column in each switch plane and a channel from each switch unit in a selected column in each switch plane. Simple paths, each traversing only one switch unit in a switch plane, may be established for any directed edge-node pair. Additionally, several non-intersecting compound paths, each comprising at most two simple paths, may be established for any edge-node pair. A significant proportion of traffic may be routed through simple paths. The switching node employs distributed control scheme and scales gracefully from a capacity of a fraction of a terabit per second to thousands of terabits per second.

Abstract: The content receiving unit (201) receives IP packets (Ethernet frames) that include broadcast content. The assigning unit (202) assigns, based on a given method, received Ethernet frames to the A-layer and the B-layer that are different digital broadcast layers. The Ethernet frames assigned to the A-layer are encapsulated by the A-layer processing unit (203), and transmitted to a terrestrial digital broadcast network together with encapsulation format information. Meanwhile, the Ethernet frames assigned to the B-layer are encapsulated by the B-layer processing unit (204), and transmitted to the terrestrial digital broadcast network together with encapsulation format information.

Abstract: A route switching method for switching a route in a core network that accommodates service networks including user node apparatuses by use of a server storing path information that includes, in every time frame, a route for a working path and a route for a backup path to be switched over from the working path, both of the working path and the backup path established between two boundary node apparatuses each of which is located on a boundary between the service network and the core network. The server calculates, in response to the connection request from the user node apparatus, a route for a working path and a route for a backup path, and requests the boundary node apparatus to establish this working path. The server can send the route for the backup path to the boundary node apparatus before a failure occurs in the core network.

Abstract: In a wireless communication base station device, a modulation unit carries out modulation processing for Dch data after coding to generate a Dch data symbol. A modulation unit carries out modulation processing for Lch data after coding to generate an Lch data symbol. An allocation unit allocates the Dch data symbol and Lch data symbol to each sub-carrier composing an OFDM symbol and outputs the allocated sub-carrier to a multiplex unit. In this case, the allocation unit allocates the Dch data symbol to a plurality of resource blocks where one Dch is arranged at an interval equal to integral multiples of the number of resource blocks composing a resource block group.

Abstract: A method for producing a stable beverage preserved with sorbic acid. A beverage syrup is diluted and sorbate is simultaneously introduced into the diluted syrup to form the beverage.

Abstract: This invention concerns distributed turbo coding and relaying protocols in wireless relay networks. In particular, the invention concerns a method for relaying signals at a relay node, a method for processing signals at a destination node, a relay system and software to perform the methods. The wireless relay networks comprise a source node, a destination node and one or more relay nodes. At a relay node, the invention comprises the steps of receiving a signal from a first node; decoding the received signal; and if the received signal is decoded incorrectly, employing an Amplify-And-Forward (AAF) relaying protocol comprising the steps of amplifying the received signal and then transmitting the amplified signal to a second node; but otherwise, employing a Decode-And-Forward (DAF) relaying protocol comprising the steps of re-encoding the decoded signal and then transmitting the coded signal to the second node.

Abstract: A network may include an ingress node that is configured to receive a client signal having a client rate that is one of a multiple different client rates, asynchronously map the client signal into a first frame of a first rate, asynchronously map the first frame into a second frame of a second rate, and output the second frame on the network; an intermediate node that is configured to receive the second frame, recover the first frame from the second frame, asynchronously map the first frame into a third frame of a third rate, and output the third frame on the network, where the intermediate node does not recover the client signal from the first frame; and an egress node that is configured to receive the third frame, recover the first frame from the third frame, recover the client signal from the first frame, and output the client signal.

Abstract: The mesh network remote control device is able to dynamically exchange information with other mesh network devices via a mesh network, partial mesh network, ad-hoc network or with an non-mesh network such as the Internet or an intranet. The mesh network remote control device controls devices connected to such mesh or non-mesh networks. The mesh network remote control device accepts commands from mesh network devices, non-mesh network devices, non-mesh communications networks (e.g., URLs, device commands, social networking logins, etc.), stores the original commands and transforms the original commands into simple display commands that are used by a user to control remote mesh network or non-mesh network devices.

Abstract: When a change in sub-channel selection is made after a mobile/handheld (M/H) Frame is begun, an M/H receiver is for some time unable to correct byte errors by transverse Reed-Solomon (TRS) decoding of turbo decoding results. Despite this, later stages of the M/H receiver are supplied data that cyclic-redundancy-check (CRC) decoding of Internet protocol (IP) packets does not find to be in error. Some of the IP packets comprise Service Map Table (SMT)-mobile/handheld (MH) data used to update SMT determining how the M/H receiver is operated. SMT-MH data that have not been subjected to TRS byte-error correction are kept from updating the SMT until those SMT-MH data are verified by later SMT-MH data subjected to TRS byte-error correction. Transmitting total number of Groups (TNOG) information for the currently received M/H Frame in all its sub-frames speeds up acquisition of Fast Information Channel updates by the M/H receiver.

Abstract: Methods are described for managing the allocation of IPv6 addresses to mobile devices. More specifically, the network portions of IPv6 addresses are dynamically allocated to mobile devices by a home agent. In one embodiment, a request is received to allocate a network portion of an IPv6 address. It is determined whether a network portion is stored in a database in association with the mobile device. If so, that network portion is allocated to the mobile device so that the mobile device can establish a communication session. If not, the home agent is asked to allocate a network portion that is currently available.

Abstract: A network system includes integrated radio transceivers and digitizers, integrated baseband processors and device controllers, digital interfaces there between, and architectures and partitions for same. Licensing methodologies are provided for implementing the features described herein, and for other products and services.

Abstract: An ad-hoc network is a typically a dynamic collection of nodes capable of communicating therebetween without the aid of pre-established infrastructure. Ad-hoc networks differ from traditional networks in that the topology of interconnections between nodes is inherently dynamic and not fixed. Generally, the routing protocols belong to two groups: proactive and reactive. Proactive protocols attempt to maintain correct and up-to-date routing information at every node. Reactive protocols, in turn, collect necessary routing information only if a pair of nodes are to establish a communication. In accordance with embodiments of the invention a reactive ad-hoc network protocol is disclosed that uses controlled flooding to broadcast packets of information within the ad-hoc network.

Abstract: An inexpensive heat treatment method for producing dried microbial cells is provided, wherein the method does not result in lowering the quality of the microbial cells or causing pulverization. The method includes a step of heating microbial cells to between 200 to 450° C. for 1 to 30 seconds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an SG in a mobile broadcasting system are provided. The apparatus and method include a terminal for receiving a first SG, for acquiring reception information about a second SG from the first SG, if a service fragment list extracted from the first SG includes information about at least one second SG different from the first SG, and for receiving the second SG based on the acquired reception information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for providing services such as provided by Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) with an IP network that is not the IMS. According to one embodiment, a system for providing communication services can comprise a communication network, one or more subsystems communicatively coupled with the network and adapted to provide one or more telco functions, and one or more applications communicatively coupled with the network and adapted to utilize the telco functions.

Abstract: Network timing is derived from the PSTN and distributed through the network to gateways capable of deriving timing from the incoming UDP stream. The derived timing has the correct frequency for voice telephony without using external timing sources or extraneous hardware components. For example, a digital signal processor (DSP) can derive the timing from a timed TDM bus and distribute messages, such as IP messages, to other gateways or port networks. The other gateways and port networks use the incoming stream to extract the timing which is then used to time their TDM bus. The port networks and gateways can also distribute other streams to other gateways in a fan-out type of arrangement. This internally generated timing can be used, for example, for Circuit Emulated Services (CES).

Abstract: Methods and systems for supplying data objects to users of a communication system are disclosed. In an exemplary method a session is established between a first and second communication device, and a primary data object providing first information pertaining to a user of the first communication device is transferred to the second communication device upon the occurrence of a triggering event at the first communication device. A request for a secondary data object is transferred from the second communication device to a data server, the request including the first information and further including information pertaining to the user of the second communication device. A secondary data object intended for rendering at the first and second communication devices is created and transferred to the first and second communication devices.

Abstract: An embodiment may include circuitry to determine, at least in part, at least one first output to which to route at least one packet, based, at least in part upon, a first output determination and a second output determination. The first output determination may select at least one second output based at least in part upon at least one deterministic output selection algorithm. The second output determination may select at least one third output based at least in part upon at least one pseudo-random output selection algorithm. The at least one pseudo-random output selection algorithm may be based, at least in part, upon a counter value. Many modifications, variations, and alternatives are possible without departing from this embodiment.