Abstract: A plurality of media access controllers (MACs) are time division multiplexed with one or more serializer/deserializer (SerDes) devices, wherein there are more MACs than SerDes devices and/or a single multi-rate Ethernet MAC is able to communicate with a multi-rate PHY spanning speeds from 10 megabits per second to 10 gigabits per second using the same framing mechanism and structure.

Abstract: A symbol detection method for an MIMO system based on path finding, which is a novel nonlinear signal detection algorithm called the MACO (Modified Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm in the present invention. The MACO algorithm is improved from the conventional ant colony optimization algorithm and applied to an MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system. The MIMO system increases the utility efficiency of spectrum but computational complexity of signal detection in the receiving terminals is suffered. The present invention simulates the foraging behavior of ants and pheromone to achieve superior performance and low computational complexity in signal detection of an MIMO system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for filtering a multiplexed packet stream in a network entity of the core network or the radio access network of a mobile communication system. The multiplexed packet stream provides a multicast or broadcast service and is delivered from a service center via the network entity to a mobile terminal. Further, the network entity comprises a service manager providing a quality-of-service management function. The invention further relates to a network entity provided with filtering capabilities, as well as to a communication system comprising the network entity.

Abstract: A ground- or roof-top-based repeater in an OFDM system uses multiple transmission antennas to transmit multiple identical OFDM signals. Dithering is performed by introducing a slight variable-frequency phase offset to all but one of the multiple identical transmitted OFDM signals. The effective overall channel is more dynamic and provides spatial diversity to minimize long periods of fading in fading subchannels of the OFDM signals when the receiver is in a slow moving or stationary situation. To overcome the additional cancellation problem that can occur when two or more of the transmitting antennas are (i) in a line-of-site position with the receiver and (ii) approximately the same distance from the receiver, a delay is deliberately introduced to make the delayed signals appear to be reflected signals. This delay will not negatively impact the OFDM receiver performance as long as the delay is within the guard interval used in the OFDM process.

Abstract: A user's request via a portable or handheld wireless communication device (HWCD) to process data may result in discovery of one or more networked resources capable of handling the processing. One or more communication routes may be established between one or more discovered network resources and one or more of the HWCD and a networked terminating device. The portable HWCD may be configured as a gateway. The user's identity may be determined and the user's personal networking preferences may be acquired. Based user's preferences, a route may be established between discovered networked resources and one or more of the HWCD and the networked terminating device. The user's identity may be authenticated. Data may undergo rate and/or format conversion. The data may be protected by secure operations. One or more of the HWCD and the networked terminating device may consume or render the requested data.

Abstract: Network relay apparatus includes: relay apparatus selector configured to, in response to reception of a join request for a preset multicast group from an external device connecting with the network, refer to information for identifying respective network relay apparatuses on a segment which the own network relay apparatus belongs to, and, at least one of information for identifying the preset multicast group and information for identifying a source, wherein the information for identifying the preset multicast group and the information for identifying a source are included in the received join request, and unequivocally select one network relay apparatus among at least part of the network relay apparatuses on the segment as a designated network relay apparatus according to a predetermined rule, wherein the designated network relay apparatus is assigned to relay a multicast packet to the external device; and a multicast route setter.

Abstract: A coding system includes an inter prediction block, a transform and quantization block, an encoding unit, and a reconstruction loop with an adaptive restoration block. The inter prediction block performs prediction on a current frame, the transform and quantization block performs transform and quantization processes on prediction residues, and the reconstruction loop reconstructs the current frame to generate the restored reconstructed samples. The adaptive restoration block performs restoration on processed data by considering a plurality of candidate restoration methods, selects one of the candidate restoration methods as a final restoration method, and generates adaptive restoration information corresponding to the final restoration method. The encoding unit encodes the prediction information and adaptive restoration information to generate an encoded bitstream.

Abstract: A system of nodes including processors within a wireless sensor network includes an arrangement of the nodes with data connections therebetween within the wireless sensor network, wherein the data connections are limited to a set of distinct, non-intersecting paths, wherein each source node of the nodes is connected with a root nodes of the nodes by at least a predetermined number of the paths.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a technique for routing traffic in networks represented by logical topologies, such as Multi Chassis Port Channel (MCPC) or Multi Chassis Ether Channel (MCEC) topologies, is provided. By modifying a port priority vector (PPV) to include an additional “Switch ID” field that identifies a designated bridge ID or a local switch ID, depending on whether the corresponding port is used as an MCT, a routing protocol designed to avoid loops in routing paths, such as STP, may avoid blocking MCT ports.

Abstract: A system and method for preparing a pelletized carbon black product is provided. The system includes a source of a carbon black product from a pyrolysis process. A mixer is in communication with the source of the carbon black product. A binder oil storage tank is in fluid communication with the mixer. The binder oil storage tank is configured to inject a desired amount of a binder oil into the mixer to form the pelletized carbon black product.

Abstract: In an example embodiment described herein is an apparatus comprising a wireless transceiver and channel selection logic coupled to the wireless transceiver and operable to select an operating frequency for the wireless transceiver. The channel selection logic is configured to reserve a dedicated channel having a special identifier. The channel selection logic is configured to have the wireless transceiver advertise the dedicated service on a normal operating frequency. The channel selection logic is responsive to receiving a request from a wireless device via the wireless transceiver on the normal operating frequency to use the dedicated channel to switch to the dedicated channel and establish communications with the wireless device on the dedicated channel.

Abstract: A method of encoding an input video stream comprising a video component and an audio component is disclosed. The input video stream is split into a plurality of segments, each comprising a plurality of frames. Each of the segments is encoded as a low bit rate layer, a high bit rate layer, and one or more intermediate bit rate layers. The bit rate of the low bit rate layer is selected such that a network streaming the segment will always be able to stream the segment encoded as the low bit rate layer. The bit rate of the high bit rate layer is selected such that the segment is able to be decoded and played back at or above a quality threshold. The bit rates of the intermediate bit rate layers are produced by applying a bit rate factor to another bit rate.

Abstract: A method for pricing independent sellers' goods. A marketeer exploits the nature of readily identifiable, fungible, durable goods by determining a price for a good, such as a used good, by using a price of a comparable good, such as a new good, as an index price and deriving a discounted sale price for the good from the price of the comparable good having essentially the same value due to its fungible, durable nature. A best price for the good is ensured by using as the index price a lowest price among a group of vendors for the comparable good. A shopping agent program may be used to query one or more vendors to determine a best price for the comparable good, and a pricing agent program may be used to derive a discounted sale price for the good from the best price for the comparable good.

Abstract: In one aspect, multimedia connections are enabled between terminals coupled to a first communication network with a power characteristic control system and to a second communication network for transmitting multimedia data to be controlled in a simple manner. When a switching-oriented power characteristic is activated, the power characteristic control system controls a base connection by means of the first communication network between a first terminal and a second terminal. In the framework of the base connection, address information identifying the first terminal in the second communication network and multimedia information are transmitted to the second terminal.

Abstract: A circuit for sharing Tx/Rx ports of a CMOS based time multiplexed transceiver includes a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and a Power amplifier (PA), and deploys a single RF choke shared between the LNA and PA. The circuit selectively functions as a PA cascode or a LNA input device. In one form the circuit uses MOS transistors configured for use in one of Blue tooth, WLAN and TDMA applications, taking advantage of source-drain symmetry of the MOS transistors. The circuit may include a DC path and be used in WLAN applications, wherein the sharing of the single choke is enabled by one switch in the DC path. As described, the single RF choke is disposed outside of the LNA and the PA. The circuit supports high out powers and causes reduced signal loss due to just one LC tank as opposed to two LC tanks present in the prior art.

Abstract: A hierarchy of schedules propagate minimum guaranteed scheduling rates among scheduling layers in a hierarchical schedule. The minimum guaranteed scheduling rate for a parent schedule entry is typically based on the summation of the minimum guaranteed scheduling rates of its immediate child schedule entries. This propagation of minimum rate scheduling guarantees for a class of traffic can be dynamic (e.g., based on the active traffic for this class of traffic, active services for this class of traffic), or statically configured. One embodiment also includes multiple scheduling lanes for scheduling items, such as, but not limited to packets or indications thereof, such that different categories of traffic (e.g., propagated minimum guaranteed scheduling rate, non-propagated minimum guaranteed scheduling rate, high priority, excess rate, etc.) of scheduled items can be propagated through the hierarchy of schedules accordingly without being blocked behind a lower priority or different type of traffic.

Abstract: The method of producing baker's yeast involves producing yeast from a substrate composed of date syrup (Dips) diluted by molasses in sufficient quantity to lower the concentration of organic acids present in the date syrup that are toxic to yeast to safe levels, preferably a 1:1 mixture (w/w) of date syrup (Dips) and molasses. The substrate is inoculated with viable cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and placed in a bioreactor or fermentation vessel. The yeast is produced by a fed-batch process to ensure continuous yeast production and prevent or minimize the production of alcohol by the yeast, additional increments of the substrate being added about hourly for the duration (about 12 hours) of the yeast propagation process. The process produces baker's yeast comparable in quality to yeast produced from a pure molasses substrate for such purposes as making bread, and in sufficient quantity to be practical for industrial production.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for routing data packets in a routing device connecting a first network and a second network, and to a corresponding routing device. The method comprises the steps of receiving a frame from a device connected to the first network; forwarding the frame to an internal bridge module of the device; checking whether the frame contains a multicast group management message and in the affirmative, creating a new frame comprising as destination address the destination address of an internal multicast group management module and as payload at least the multicast management data of the received frame; and forwarding this new frame to the internal bridge function.

Abstract: A method and device for routing a connectivity plane message to a mobile terminal that can be reached via two or more network nodes of a first type are described. The method includes receiving positional information indicating the geographical location of the mobile terminal, receiving routing information being associated with a network node of a second type to which the mobile terminal is attached, determining, based on the positional information, the network node of the first type via which the connectivity plane message is to be routed to the mobile terminal, and routing the connectivity plane message to the mobile terminal via the selected network node of the first type.

Abstract: Ring type switches 10X, 10Y that connect to two sub-rings 51, 52 are provided to maintain Ethernet communications between sub-rings even when a fault occurs in a ring type switch. By carrying out redundant control processing based on the operating status of itself and the companion in these ring type switches 10X, 10Y, one operates as the currently used system and carries out relay connections between the sub-rings 51, 52 and the other operates as a standby system and stops relay connections between the sub-rings 51, 52.