Abstract: Various circuit board embodiments are disclosed. In one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes a circuit board and a first phase change material pocket positioned on or in the circuit board and contacting a surface of the circuit board.

Abstract: A method including: acquiring present operating state data of a photovoltaic array, wherein the photovoltaic array includes at least two photovoltaic strings in parallel, and the present operating state data includes present output current values of the photovoltaic strings and present irradiances corresponding to the photovoltaic strings. Determining present characteristic parameters of the photovoltaic array based on the present operating state data, wherein the present characteristic parameters include a present characteristic current value, a present current discrete rate and the present irradiances; and determining an operating state of the photovoltaic array by comparing the present characteristic parameters with standard characteristic parameters of the photovoltaic array.

Abstract: A probe for non-intrusively detecting imperfections in a test object made from metallic, non-conductive, and/or composite materials. The probe may include a capacitive measuring apparatus that includes at least two coplanar electrodes, an adjustment device to adjust a spatial separation between the electrodes, and a separation device. The separation device may maintain a substantially constant distance between the at least two coplanar electrodes and the test object during test measurements.

Abstract: A processing method using an electrocardiogram signal includes (a) selecting a candidate for an abnormal R-peak from the electrocardiogram signal, (b) determining an abnormal R-peak from among the candidates selected in (a), and (c) excluding the abnormal R-peak determined in (b) among all the R-peaks from the electrocardiogram signal.

Abstract: A solid state, carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor configured for sensitive detection of CO2 in both dry and moist conditions. The CO2 sensor utilizes a composite sensing material that detects CO2 in the range of 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm. The sensing material is composed of O-MWCNTs and a metal oxide functionalizing agent, such as iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles. The material has an inherent resistance and conductivity that is chemically modulated as the level of CO2 increases. The CO2 gas molecules that are absorbed into the carbon nanotube composites cause charge-transfer and changes in the conductive pathway causes changes in conductivity of the composite sensing material. This change in conductivity provides a specificity and sensitivity for CO2 detection. The CO2 sensor can be easily integrated into existing electronic circuitry and hardware configurations, including the hardware of a mobile computing device, such as a smart phone or tablet device.

Abstract: A sensor die may include a set of sensing elements and a test structure associated with determining a magnetic sensitivity of the set of sensing elements. The test structure includes a first test sensing element sensitive in a direction in a plane defined by a surface of the sensor die, a second test sensing element sensitive in the direction in the plane defined by the surface of the sensor die, and a wire on chip (WoC) associated with applying a magnetic field to the first test sensing element and the second test sensing element. The first test sensing element, the second test sensing element, and the WoC may be arranged such that, when current flows through the WoC, the first test sensing element senses a component of the magnetic field in the direction, and the second test sensing element senses a component of the magnetic field in a perpendicular direction.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a material includes examining a surface of a test material with an eddy current sensor and applying an X-ray fluorescence analysis to the surface of the test material at the same location at which the eddy current examination was performed.

Abstract: A body diode is energized by inputting a BD energization pulse signal having a predetermined cycle. At the start of energization of the body diode and immediately before termination thereof, an ON signal of a Von measurement pulse signal is input to a high-temperature semiconductor chip at a timing different from that of an ON signal of the BD energization pulse signal, thereby passing a drain-source current through a MOSFET, and a drain-source voltage is measured. Thereafter, energization of the body diode is terminated. At room temperature before and after the energization of the body diode, the drain-source voltage is measured by inputting the ON signal of the Von measurement pulse signal. A semiconductor chip for which a fluctuation amount of the drain-source voltage at a high temperature and a fluctuation amount of the drain-source voltage at room temperature are within predetermined ranges is determined to be a conforming product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for interacting with polyisoprene based products to enhance sensing features. The system includes a hub unit and one or more electronic circuitries operably configured with the polyisoprene based product. The hub unit includes a controller for contactless powering and communicating data with the polyisoprene based product, a generator for generating a frequency, a resonator for increasing voltage level of the frequency, a first electrode for emitting the alternating electric field, a second electrode for receiving the alternating electric field from the polyisoprene based product, an analog digital converter connected to the second electrode to digitize information received from the polyisoprene based product under the influence of the alternating electric field. The one or more electronic circuitries senses the condition of the polyisoprene based product and communicates further to the hub unit for processing and communicating processed information over a communication network.

Abstract: A rotation detection device includes a detected member being mounted to a rotating member and being configured to rotate integrally with the rotating member, and a sensor section being arranged to face the detected member, in which the sensor section includes two magnetic sensors, each of which includes a detection section having a magnetism detection element for detecting a magnetic field from the detected member, the two detection sections of the two magnetic sensors being arranged side-by side along a rotational axis line direction, and a housing portion comprising a resin mold provided to collectively cover the two magnetic sensors and having a facing surface facing the detected member. The two detection sections of the two magnetic sensors are separated each other. A minimum distance between the two detection sections of the two magnetic sensors is 0.05 mm or more and 2.00 mm or less. The resin mold enters into a space between the two detection sections of the two magnetic sensors.

Abstract: A sensor device determines an alternating voltage between a conductor and a reference potential, particularly of a switch point drive. In order to reduce the installation cost and effort required to verify the absence of reaction, the sensor device has a sensor element, which is configured for capacitive coupling to the conductor, and a resistance element, which is provided for connection to the reference potential and is connected in series together with the sensor element. The sensor device further has a processing device, which is configured to determine a voltage drop via the resistance element.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first bandgap voltage reference sub-circuit configured to provide a first bandgap reference voltage; a second bandgap voltage reference sub-circuit configured to provide a second bandgap reference voltage; a voltage regulator sub-circuit configured to derive a first supply voltage using the first bandgap reference voltage and a second supply voltage using the second bandgap reference voltage; a bandgap comparator sub-circuit configured to derive a first internal voltage and a second internal voltage from the first supply voltage, wherein the first internal voltage decreases at a higher rate than the second internal voltage with respect to a decreasing first supply voltage, wherein the bandgap comparator sub-circuit is configured indicate which of the first and the second internal voltages is larger; and a comparator sub-circuit configured to indicate whether a difference between the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage is larger than a predefined threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for detecting drill pipe connection joints via magnetic flux leakage. An apparatus may include a magnet operable to magnetize a portion of a drill string extending out of a wellbore that extends into a subterranean formation below a drill rig and a sensor operable to facilitate magnetic flux measurements indicative of an amount of magnetic flux that leaked from the drill string along the magnetized portion of the drill string. The apparatus may further comprise a processing device having a processor and a memory storing a computer program code, wherein the processing device is operable to receive the magnetic flux measurements and detect a connection joint between adjacent drill pipes of the drill string based on the magnetic flux measurements.

Abstract: Various means for improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a magnetic field sensor are disclosed for low power and high resolution magnetic sensing. The improvements may be done by reducing parasitic effects, increasing sense element packing density, interleaving a Z-axis layout to reduce a subtractive effect, and optimizing an alignment between a Z-axis sense element and a flux guide, etc.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing a squib loop in a restraint control module. The system may include a first amplifier, a capacitor, a second amplifier. The first amplifier may have a first input connected to a first side of the squib and a second input connected to a second side of the squib. The output of the first amplifier may generate an output voltage corresponding to the voltage drop across the squib. The capacitor may be connected in series with the output of the first amplifier and the output of the first amplifier may be connected to a first side of the capacitor. The second amplifier having a first input connected to a second side of the capacitor. A second input of the second amplifier may be connected to a reference voltage. The second amplifier may be configured with a feedback loop to generate a gain output.

Abstract: A voltage generator circuitry includes first to third bipolar transistors having commonly-connected base electrodes, first and second current mirror circuitries, first and second differential amplifiers; a first resistor; and a current-voltage conversion circuitry. The first current mirror circuitry supplies currents to the first to third bipolar transistors and to the current-voltage conversion circuitry. The second current mirror circuitry supplies currents to the first to third bipolar transistors, and s to the current-voltage conversion circuitry. The first and second differential amplifiers control the first and second current mirror. The current-voltage conversion circuitry converts a sum current of the first and second currents into an output voltage.

Abstract: This application relates to an absolute position detection device and detection method of a rotating body using a magnetic material. The device may include magnets coupled to a rotating body and configured to rotate together and having n pole pairs, wherein n is a natural number and (n+1) magnetic materials arranged adjacent to the magnets, spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval, and configured to rotate together with the rotating body. The device may also include a first Hall sensor spaced apart from the magnets, installed to allow the magnetic materials to rotate in a space between the first Hall sensor and the magnets and configured to output a first signal based on the magnets when the magnetic materials approach the first Hall sensor. The device may further include a controller configured to measure an absolute position of the rotating body using the first signal.

Abstract: A signal analysis method is described. The signal analysis method comprises the following steps. An output signal is received from a device under test. A sampling point density is received and/or the sampling point density is determined based on the output signal. A response function of the device under test is determined based on the output signal and based on the sampling point density. The sampling point density represents a number of sampling points per frequency interval for determining the response function. The response function characterizes at least one property of the device under test as a function of frequency. Moreover a measurement system for determining a response function of a device under test is described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distance measuring device, in particular for dielectric or metallic target objects, said device comprising a sensor with a resonance chamber and a resonance structure. The resonance structure has an element consisting of a dielectric material which has a narrowing at the edge, the resonance frequency of the resonance chamber being dependent on the distance between the element and a target object.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a computer program for executing high resolution spectrum monitoring. A sensor receives an input signal having a varying frequency content over time. One or more samples of the received input signal are sampled. The samples of the received input signal include one or more swept signal samples generated by sweeping, using a center frequency of the sensor, the received input signal across an entire frequency spectrum associated with the received input signal. Sampling of the samples of the received signal is performed while performing the sweeping. The signal samples are processed.