Abstract: A direct-current voltage conversion circuit having on/off control with a dead-time period performed alternately on a first switch and a second switch included in a direct-current voltage conversion circuit. When alternating current flows in a series circuit part including two transformers magnetically independent, current flows in an output circuit including a secondary side of one transformer, and energy is accumulated in the other transformer. The permeabilities of the magnetic cores in the first and second transformers is between 15 and 120.

Abstract: The invention provides a power generation method and a system equipped with energy storage and energy release accommodation mechanism. By using an energy storage and energy release accommodation system arranged in the system, the generator set at an end of the system can immediately supplement energy from an energy storage unit after providing electric energy to a load, so that the output energy will not drop suddenly, while still stably maintaining both the rated energy output and the system operation.

Abstract: There is provided an electric-power conversion apparatus in which smoke emission, a burnout, and short-circuiting between a melted material and a peripheral member can be suppressed even when a fuse portion is melted by an excessive current. An electric-power conversion apparatus includes an electric power semiconductor device, an electrode wiring member, a case, a fuse portion formed in the electrode wiring member, a fuse resin member disposed between the fuse portion and the case, and a sealing resin member that seals the electric power semiconductor device, the electrode wiring member, the fuse portion, and the fuse resin member in the case.

Abstract: Electronic circuitry and method of operating the same to shape and reduce the circulating current through the active clamp in a flyback converter and to harvest most of the leakage inductance energy to provide the bias power. Methodologies for minimizing the circulating energy in the clamp circuit in order to improve efficiency of operation of the same. A method for using a portion of the leakage inductance energy in order to create zero voltage switching conditions at the main primary switch.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an overvoltage protection device (100) may include a crowbar device (106), where the crowbar device (106) includes a first crowbar terminal (115), the first crowbar terminal (115) connected with a first external voltage line (102). The overvoltage protection device (100) may further include a transient voltage suppression (TVS) device (108), where the TVS device (108) includes a second TVS terminal (121), the second TVS terminal (121) connected with a second external voltage line (104). The crowbar device (106) and the TVS device (108) may be arranged in electrical series between the first crowbar terminal (115) and the second TVS terminal (121).

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for a circuit. In some examples, the circuit includes a first charging path including a first capacitor coupled to a first output node. The circuit further includes a second charging path comprising a first switch and a second capacitor. The circuit further includes a third charging path comprising a second switch and a third capacitor. The circuit further includes a first discharging path comprising the second capacitor, a third switch coupled between the second charging path and a second output node, and a fourth switch coupled between the second charging path and a fourth node. The circuit further includes a second discharging path comprising the third capacitor, a fifth switch coupled between the third charging path and the second output node, and a sixth switch coupled between the third node and the fourth node.

Abstract: A quasi-resonant auto-tuning controller includes a zero-voltage crossing detection circuit and a valley tuning finite-state machine having a look-up table. The zero-voltage crossing detection circuit receives a reference voltage and receives an auxiliary signal from an auxiliary winding. The zero-voltage crossing detection circuit produces a comparison signal having pulses when the auxiliary signal is less than the reference voltage. The valley tuning finite-state machine produces a divided pulse width based on the comparison signal, stores the divided pulse width of each pulse in the look-up table, determines, from the comparison signal, that the auxiliary signal is less than the reference voltage, waits a time period corresponding to the divided pulse width stored in the look-up table if the auxiliary signal is less than the reference voltage, and produces a valley point signal after waiting the time period.

Abstract: A test device is disclosed. The test device includes an input/output (I/O) circuit configured to allow static electricity flowing between an input/output (I/O) pad and an internal circuit to be discharged to a power-supply line, a ground line, or a substrate line, a capacitor circuit configured to perform modeling of parasitic capacitance extracted from a package design, and a discharge circuit configured to allow capacitance stored in the capacitor circuit to be discharged to the substrate line.

Abstract: A transmission and distribution system with electric shock protection function includes a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal. The transmitting terminal includes a switch, a current measurer, a signal generator, and a controller. The receiving terminal includes a filter. The switch is coupled to a first DC power and a transmission line. The current measurer is coupled to the transmission line, and measures a current of the transmission line and provides a current signal. The signal generator provides a disturbance signal to the transmission line. The controller receives the current signal and controls the switch. If the controller determines that the current signal contains the disturbance signal, the controller turns off the switch.

Abstract: Provided are a ground fault protection method and apparatus for a photovoltaic station output transmission line. A circuit breaker on a photovoltaic side is controlled by a control element. Whether measured zero sequence impedance on the photovoltaic side of a segment line has a large variation before and after an action of power grid side distance protection is determined, the variation of the measured zero sequence impedance is inputted into the control element, in condition that the variation of the measured zero sequence impedance is less than a setting value, a tripping signal is outputted to the circuit breaker on the photovoltaic side to isolate the fault; and in condition that the variation of the measured zero sequence impedance is greater than the setting value, photovoltaic side distance protection is not started.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grounding fault protection method for a high-voltage capacitor of a direct-current filter. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a head end voltage u and an unbalanced current iT2 of a direct-current filter, and acquiring a discrete head end voltage and unbalanced current sequence; calculating a virtual capacitance Czd; determining a protection setting value Cset according to the bridge arm capacitance of the high-voltage capacitor, and when the virtual capacitance Czd is larger than the protection setting value Cset, protecting and judging to be an internal fault; otherwise, protecting and judging to be an external fault.

Abstract: A control circuit corrects a reference gain by multiplying the reference gain by a correction value set in association with state-of-charge information of a storage battery, and uses the corrected reference gain as a first gain for controlling a DC/AC inverter, to adjust the slope of frequency drooping characteristic. The correction value is a value that gradually decreases with increase in state-of-charge information of the storage battery, the minimum value of the correction value is N1 which is a real number greater than 0 and corresponding to a first state of charge for stopping charging of the storage battery, and the maximum value of the correction value is N2 which is a real number greater than N1 and corresponding to a second state of charge for stopping discharging of the storage battery.

Abstract: Multi-pole and single-pole circuit breakers include a housing and a reset lockout mechanism disposed within the housing. The reset lockout mechanism disables electrical communication between line and load terminals of the circuit breaker if a predefined condition exists. Some circuit breakers include a single actuator, transition between ON and OFF states, and are capable of performing test functions. The test functions may involve testing AFCI and/or GFCI functions of the circuit breakers. The test functions may be performed when the circuit breaker transitions from an OFF state to an ON state. Some circuit breakers including a reset lockout mechanism may be powered only on its line side. Some circuit breakers provide an electrical indication when they are in the OFF state.

Abstract: Circuit breakers with a housing with a line side and a load side and an electronically controlled lock-out lock member coupled to the housing configured to electronically controllably travel between a first position and a second position. In the second position, the lock member is in a lock-out position and prevents the handle from moving to an ON position associated with electrical current conduction and in the first position the lock member is translated to a position that allows the handle to move to the ON position.

Abstract: Reducing the space occupied by a voltage regulation integrated circuit (IC) that includes an inductor is achieved by implementing the inductor as a 3D inductor having windings formed of conductive elements integrated into a lower substrate, a circuit layer, and an upper substrate, and positioning other components within a core space of the 3D inductor in the circuit layer. The space occupied by the inductor is shared with the other circuit components and with the structural layers of the voltage regulation IC. A voltage regulation IC may be a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) that includes an inductor with a capacitor and/or a switching circuit. The inductor is implemented as upper horizontal traces in an upper substrate, lower horizontal traces in a lower substrate, and vertical interconnects in a circuit layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and the conductive elements form the 3D inductor as a rectangular coil.

Abstract: A method for reducing and/or managing energy-related stress in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) in the electrical system to identify and track at least one energy-related transient in the electrical system. An impact of the at least one energy-related transient on equipment in the electrical system is quantified, and one or more transient-related alarms are generated in response to the impact of the at least one energy-related transient being near, within or above a predetermined range of the stress tolerance of the equipment. The transient-related alarms are prioritized based in part on at least one of the stress tolerance of the equipment, the stress associated with one or more transient events, and accumulated energy-related stress on the equipment.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a switching regulator configured to generate a conversion voltage with respect to an input voltage, based on a switching signal of a first frequency, and output the conversion voltage; a stabilization circuit including a capacitor element connected to a load device via a first node and configured to generate a load voltage by stabilizing the conversion voltage by using the capacitor element and output the load voltage to the load device; a frequency sensing circuit configured to sense a frequency of the load voltage and output sensing information about the frequency of the load voltage; and a frequency booster circuit configured to form a first current path connected to the first node, based on the sensing information.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a power converter that includes an inductance and a switched-capacitor network that cooperate to transform a first voltage into a second voltage features a controller, a switched-capacitor terminal for connection to the switched-capacitor network, and switches. at least one of which connects to the switched-capacitor terminal.

Abstract: Modular circuit protection devices and configurable panelboard systems include arc-free operation, thermal management features providing safe operation in hazardous environments at lower cost and without requiring conventional explosion-proof enclosures and without entailing series connected separately provided packages such as circuit breaker devices and starter motor contactors and controls.

Abstract: The current transformer includes a magnetic circuit made of magnetic material that is intended to be placed around a primary conductor, and a secondary winding that is wound onto a portion of the magnetic circuit in order to deliver a secondary current to processing circuits. In this current transformer the magnetic circuit includes at least one device for varying the magnetization of a portion of the magnetic circuit according to the temperature in order to limit or to decrease the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit when the temperature of the magnetic circuit increases. The protection device and the electrical circuit breaker include such a transformer.