Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and techniques to identify at least one physical characteristic of materials from computer simulations of manipulations of materials. In at least one embodiment, physical characteristics are determined by comparing measured statistics of observed manipulations to simulations of manipulations using a simulator trained with a likelihood-free inference engine.

Abstract: Metrology methods, modules and targets are provided, for measuring tilted device designs. The methods analyze and optimize target design with respect to the relation of the Zernike sensitivity of pattern placement errors (PPEs) between target candidates and device designs. Monte Carlo methods may be applied to enhance the robustness of the selected target candidates to variation in lens aberration and/or in device designs. Moreover, considerations are provided for modifying target parameters judiciously with respect to the Zernike sensitivities to improve metrology measurement quality and reduce inaccuracies.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and non-transitory computing device readable media for determining an individualized orthodontic treatment index. One embodiment includes generating a target dental model by modifying an initial dental model, graphically marking dental references on the target dental model including assigning contact points between adjacent first and second teeth of the target dental model, generating a treatment outcome dental model representing the patient's dentition after at least a portion of the orthodontic treatment has been completed, mapping the dental references marked on the target dental model to the treatment outcome dental model, and calculating an individualized treatment index score for the treatment outcome dental model according to one or more differences between the target dental model and the treatment outcome dental model.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and systems for modeling teeth. Methods include generating a clinical crown mesh including visible surfaces of a clinical crown of a tooth; generating a parametric tooth model representing an average of multiple etalon teeth of the same tooth type; fitting the clinical crown mesh with the parametric tooth model to create an interim tooth model; and morphing the interim tooth model to mimic an anatomical shape of the clinical crown mesh. Fitting the clinical crown mesh with the parametric tooth model includes coupling point pairs on surfaces of the clinical crown mesh and the parametric tooth model, where a weighting factor is assigned to each point of the clinical crown mesh or parametric tooth model, and transforming the point pairs according to their weighting factors to cause the point pairs to converge.

Abstract: A method comprising performing simulations to determine energy transfer between the bulk fluid motion of gases through a combustion chamber and resonant acoustic modes of the combustion chamber using a simulation model. The method also comprises configuring one or more combustion chamber parameters for the simulation model to shape the resonant acoustic modes to diminish coupling between the resonant acoustic modes and driving mechanisms at a head portion of the combustion chamber and to enhance coupling between the resonant acoustic modes and damping mechanisms at an aft portion of the combustion chamber. The method further comprises determining whether the combustion chamber meets a predetermined performance level in response to determining that the combustion chamber meets a predetermined combustion stability level.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for assessing a risk of disease. One method includes obtaining an anatomic model associated with a target anatomy; modeling, using a processor, an injection of one or more virtual contrast agents into the anatomic model; performing a simulation of flow of blood and the one or more virtual contrast agents through the anatomic model; and computing one or more characteristics of concentration associated with the one or more virtual contrast agents at one or more locations in the anatomic model based on the simulation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are described for generating an interdental filler model for a patient. Locations for ends of the interdental filler model may be determined. A curvature of the interdental filler model may be determined. A shape of the interdental filler model may be determined. A first arc may be determined for a first end of the interdental filler model and a second arc may be determined for a second end of the interdental filler model. A set of arcs may be interpolated between the first arc and the second arc. The set of arcs may be grounded on the patient's gingiva. The interdental filler model may be generated based on the set of arcs.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for designing a 3D modeled object. The 3D modeled object represents a mechanical part formed in a material having an anisotropic behavior with respect to a physical property. The method includes obtaining a 3D finite element mesh and data associated to the 3D finite element mesh. The data associated to the 3D finite element mesh includes a plurality of forces and boundary conditions. The plurality of forces forms multiple load cases. The method further comprises optimizing an orientation field distributed on the 3D finite element mesh with respect to an objective function. The objective function rewards orientation continuity with respect to the physical property. The optimizing is based on the 3D finite element mesh and on the data associated to the 3D finite element mesh. This constitutes an improved method for designing a 3D modeled object.

Abstract: A device for simulating a controlled machine or installation includes a process simulation apparatus designed to perform simulation steps that simulate a physical process of the machine or installation, and a controller simulation apparatus designed to perform simulation steps that simulate a controller of the machine or installation. The process simulation apparatus and the controller simulation apparatus exchange particular output values so as to simulate the controlled machine or installation in the respective simulation steps. The controller simulation apparatus transmits an item of information to the process simulation apparatus, which item of information describes a result time for an end of a simulation step performed by the controller simulation apparatus, while the process simulation apparatus is designed to adjust a duration of at least one of the simulation steps depending on the result time.

Abstract: Aspects and features of this disclosure relate to projecting physical drilling parameters to control a drilling operation. A computing system applies Bayesian optimization to a model incorporating the input data using varying values for an adverse drilling factor to produce a target function. The computing system determines a minimum value for the target function. The computing system provides a projected value for the physical drilling parameters based on the minimum value. The computing system generates an alert responsive to determining that the projected value for the physical drilling parameters exceeds a prescribed limit.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to a construction plan management system. Embodiments retrieve a drawing corresponding to the construction plan, the drawing including document coordinates. Embodiments render the drawing. Embodiments retrieve a data object corresponding to an issue that corresponds to the construction plan, the data object including pinstore coordinates. Embodiments generate a viewport layer on top of the rendered drawing, the viewport layer including viewport coordinates. Embodiments convert the pinstore coordinates of the data object to converted viewport coordinates and display the data object as a pin on the viewport layer using the converted viewport coordinates.

Abstract: An urban design pipeline is configured to automatically generate design options that meet competing design objectives. A geometry engine within the urban design pipeline generates candidate designs for an urban design project. An evaluation engine within the urban design pipeline evaluates the degree to which each candidate design addresses the competing design objectives to produce a set of design metrics. A tradeoff engine within the urban design pipeline generates a design tradeoff space based on the candidate designs and corresponding design metrics. The tradeoff engine traverses the design tradeoff space based on performance modifications to adjust the degree to which the competing design objectives are addressed. The performance modifications can be obtained from any number of stakeholders in the urban design project.

Abstract: Road condition prediction for potentially hazardous road segments is described. For roadways that may contain accumulated frozen precipitation, a road segment for road condition prediction is selected based on weather conditions. Various models including a solar radiation budget model, a permanent structures model, a dynamic structures model, and a road condition model are generated for the selected road segment and account for shading effects on the road segment caused by objects near the road segment. A road condition prediction for hazardous conditions on the road segment is determined based on the road condition model and provided to a driver to alert the driver of any potentially hazardous conditions.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of structures include, in one aspect, a method for hybrid surface modelling with subdivision surfaces and NURBS surfaces, the method including: modifying a control mesh (in accordance with received input) of a subdivision surface model including a topological control that tracks mesh to NURBS relationships for a limit surface of the subdivision surface, and stored NURBS surfaces representing the limit surface; obtaining an updated limit surface from the modified control mesh; finding at least one modified NURBS surface in the stored NURBS surfaces in accordance with relationship(s) tracked in the topological control; and for each modified NURBS surface, updating the modified NURBS surface with its corresponding replacement NURBS surface, and applying at least one geometric modification (associated with a modified NURBS surface in a history procedures system) to the associated modified NURBS surface a

Abstract: Simulating output of a perception system may comprise receiving scenario data indicating a position associated with a simulated sensor and a position and/or identifier of an object, and instantiating a three-dimensional representation of an environment and the object (i.e., a simulated environment). The system may generate depth data indicating distances and/or positions of surfaces in the simulated environment relative to the simulated sensor position and determine a three-dimensional region of interest based at least in part on the depth data associated with at least a portion of the object. In some examples, the three-dimensional region of interest may be smaller than a size of the object, due to an occlusion by topology of the simulated environment and/or another object in the simulated environment.

Abstract: A system and method to determine building thermal performance parameters through empirical testing is described. The parameters can be formulaically applied to determine fuel consumption and indoor temperatures. To generalize the approach, the term used to represent furnace rating is replaced with HVAC system rating. As total heat change is based on the building's thermal mass, heat change is relabeled as thermal mass gain (or loss). This change creates a heat balance equation that is composed of heat gain (loss) from six sources, three of which contribute to heat gain only. No modifications are required for apply the empirical tests to summer since an attic's thermal conductivity cancels out and the attic's effective window area is directly combined with the existing effective window area. Since these tests are empirically based, the tests already account for the additional heat gain associated with the elevated attic temperature and other surface temperatures.

Abstract: A method for implementing a modeling tool that generates optimized reduced kinetics models for given operating conditions and a numerical scheme to speed-up kinetics evaluation of turbulent-chemistry coupling during CFD simulations. The tool is capable of predicting ignition and flameholding phenomenon for most propulsion systems, including gas turbine applications. A lumped-parameterization based optimization scheme may generate multi-step quasi-global kinetics models using laminar flame speed as the target data. This scheme may be further extended to include optimization of emission predictions such as CO and NOx.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for modeling fabrication constraints of a fabrication process is described. The method includes receiving training data including pre-fabrication structures and post-fabrication, training a fabrication constraint model by optimizing parameters of the fabrication constraint model based on the training data to model the fabrication constraints of the fabrication process, receiving an input design corresponding to a physical device, and generating a fabricability metric of the input design via the fabrication constraint model. The fabricability metric is related to a probabilistic certainty that the input design is fabricable by the fabrication process determined by the fabrication constraint model.

Abstract: A physics engine executed on a processor to simulate real-time rigid body dynamics of a simulated physical system with a minimizing function between initial velocities and intermediate solver velocities is provided. The physics engine may be configured to iteratively loop through a collision detection phase, an iterative solving phase, updating phase, and display phase. The physics engine may be configured to store initial velocities for colliding pairs of bodies. The physics engine may be further configured to determine intermediate solver velocities for the colliding pairs of bodies based on accumulated results of constraint solving for each pair of bodies. The physics engine may be further configured to calculate friction velocities for that colliding pair of bodies based on the stored initial velocities and the intermediate solver velocities using a minimization function, and apply a friction force or impulse based on the calculated friction velocities.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods, systems, and devices for prioritization of three dimensional dental elements. One method for prioritizing three dimensional dental elements includes receiving a virtual initial dental data set (IDDS) of teeth having spatial information regarding the positions of a number of teeth in the virtual IDDS with respect to each other for presentation of the teeth in a virtual three dimensional space to be viewed on a user interface, setting prioritization values of a number of elements of one or more of the number of teeth, and prioritizing the number of elements to be selected by a user based upon their prioritization values.