Abstract: An arrangement of apparatus and process thereof for cooling hot fluid solid particles, especially hot regenerated catalytic particles are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a substantially vertical, cylindrical and close ended heat removal vessel through the shell sid passage of which is passed the fluid solid particles that flow downwardly in the form of dense phase fluidized bed, and one or more seperate heat exchange tube units through the tube side passage of which the coolant is passed and evaporized, each of said heat exchange tube units comprising a supply coolant inlet tube, a supply coolant collecting chamber, one or more heat exchange tubes, a vapour collecting chamber and a resulting vapour discharge tube, all of which constitute a close type coolant-to-vapour circulation.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a spacecraft utilizes a droplet radiator, whereby the droplet collector has the shape of a rotation symmetrical ring body that is rotatable about a central rotational axis. Preferably, the rotation symmetric ring body has the shape of a wheel, whereby the droplet generator is arranged near the rotational axis of symmetry and the collector forms a wheel rim. The return flow of the coolant takes place either through the spokes of the wheel which connect the droplet collector wheel rim to the hub or through a separate suction conduit. A secondary coolant flow circuit may be integrated into the droplet collector.

Abstract: A method is presented for the transfer of heat from a low to a higher temperature, in that the main medium in gas form is heated and compressed, after which this main medium is conducted to a first heating chamber (1) where heat at low temperature is added to the main medium, whereafter the gas is conducted to a compressor (8) and compressed, in that before being conducted to the first heating chamber (1), the main medium can undergo a pressure drop and a possible heat absorption in a heat exchanger. In the first heating chamber (1), there is added an auxiliary medium in liquid form which evaporates together with the heating of the main medium, so that after the heating the main medium is more or less saturated with the auxiliary medium in vapor form, in that the heat is added from a second heating chamber (2) in which a gaseous medium containing evaporated auxiliary medium is cooled for the condensation of the auxiliary medium.

Abstract: Equipment support and thermal radiation panels for a spacecraft include a transverse header heat pipe and a set of a plurality of "spreader" heat pipes each including an elongated longitudinal portion and an "L" portion lying in thermal contact with the header heat pipe. The elongated longitudinal portions of the spreader heat pipes are spaced apart and mutually parallel. A further set of spreader heat pipes, similar to the first set, is provided. At least part of the elongated longitudinal portion of each further heat pipe is physically parallel, and in thermal contact, with a heat pipe of the first set, and the "L" portions of the further heat pipes are in thermal contact with a second header heat pipe. A make-break thermal joint juxtaposes a header heat pipe of each of two panels lying in different planes.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for an electronic system, includes a coolant tank, main pumps, heat exchangers, a common supplementary pump, and supplementary check valves. The coolant tank temporarily stores a coolant. The main pumps are respectively arranged in a plurality of heat generators in the electronic system, and the main pumps supply the coolant from the coolant tank to the heat generators. The heat exchangers cool the coolant from each of the heat generators and return the coolant to the coolant tank. The common supplementary pump is operated when any one of the main pumps has failed and supplies the coolant from the coolant tank. Each of the supplementary check valves has an upstream side connected to an outlet port of the supplementary pump and downstream sides connected to outlet ports of the main pumps. Each of the supplementary check valves is opened when a pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of each of the supplementary check valves is larger than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A latent heat storage apparatus is provided and a latent heat storage solution therefor stores and retrieves a cool heat substantially in or from a latent heat thereof necessary for air conditioning, cooling, refrigerating, and so forth. The latent heat storage apparatus has an aqueous solution of a plurality of inorganic salts as a latent heat storage solution in a heat storage tank, formed to retrieve a cold heat from a stored latent heat, the latent heat storage apparatus. The latent heat storage solution is formed of (N-1) kinds of inorganic salts in at least an N-component aqueous solution where N.gtoreq.3. The latent heat storage solution stores the cold heat as the latent heat thereof. The cold heat is retrievable from the stored latent heat at a desired temperature almost invariably within a range higher than the N-component eutectic point and lower than any one of binary eutectic points of salts with water.

Abstract: An adjustable, energy saving, high speed, air bubble and water heating system extracts waste heat from the exhaust of a water heater on a swimming pool, hot tub, or spa to heat air and/or water. The use of the waste heat results in accelerated heating of the water and creation of heated air bubbles without any additional heat energy requirements. The temperature of the water and air bubbles is independently controllable via manual controls or automatic thermostat.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a liquid chamber having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. A bent pipe includes a straight tubular heat pipe component provided extending from the inside to the outside of the liquid chamber. A spiral heat pipe component communicating with the straight tubular heat pipe component and extending to surround the same spirally is provided. In an internal space where the spiral heat pipe component and the straight tubular heat pipe component communicate with each other, a working fluid serving as a heat carrier is sealed. An ultrasonic motor for rotating integrally the straight tubular heat pipe component and the spiral heat pipe component is provided. A radiating fin structure is provided on the straight tubular heat pipe component positioned outside the liquid chamber. As a result, it is possible to make the device lighter, smaller and more reliable without decreasing the cooling performance as compared to conventional cooling devices.

Abstract: A heat pipe is equipped with a bubble trap. Such bubble trap takes the form of a baffle that restricts the liquid flow in the liquid flow channel of the heat pipe to divide the two-phase flow in the liquid channel into a liquid flow and into a bubble and liquid flow. A cage of wire mesh is positioned downstream of the baffle to entrap the bubbles. In another embodiment the bubble trapping cage is a chamber that extends all the way into the evaporating end of the pipe while the baffle is arranged upstream of such a chamber which is additionally connected through perforations to the liquid flow channels.

Abstract: Cooling liquid flowing through cooling-liquid passages cools in heat-transmission manner an inner layer on an inner surface of an impermeable intermediate layer and is directed through a piping to an interface between the intermediate and outer layers, whereby the porous outer layer is cooled by latent heat generated by evaporation of the cooling liquid infiltrated into the porous outer layer.

Abstract: A flexible heat transfer device includes a closed flexible envelopment which is made of a plastic film and which has a receiving space provided therein. The envelopment has a first section and a second section spaced from the first section. The receiving space of the envelopment contains a heat transfer liquid which has a boiling point between a temperature of a heat source and an ambient temperature. Therefore, the heat transfer liquid in the first section of the envelopment is evaporated into a vapor when the first section of the envelopment contacts the heat source, and the vapor is condensed in the second section of the envelopment at the ambient temperature.

Abstract: A double containment liquid source gas line uses an outer annular chamber which functions as a safety containment housing and a thermal control liner. The thermal control is accomplished by providing hot water and pumping the water in a closed loop configuration. The water serves to accurately and reliably control temperature of liquid source gas in the gas line. The water is in a closed loop system, so that, by providing leak detection equipment on the water line, faults in either chamber may be rapidly detected.

Abstract: A method of heating or cooling particulate material by indirect heat exchange of the particles with the heat exchange fluid in a heat exchanger located outside and offset from the vessel that supplies the particulate material and to which the particulate material returns uses the addition of an open conduit to increase catalyst circulation through the heat exchanger. The open conduit has been found to be effective when used internally or externally. The internal use of the open conduit minimizes structural changes required to retrofit the conduit to existing back mix coolers. The use of the conduit for increased catalyst circulation allows a flow through type cooler duty to be produced in an amount of space that would ordinarily only permit the use of a backmix type cooler.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hybrid thermosyphon which may be rapidly deployed to create a frozen soil barrier for containing toxic spills. In a particular embodiment, a plurality of thermosyphons are deployed for freezing the soil around and under a defined area of soil; each thermosyphon contains a working fluid and includes an evaporator section for contact with the soil for removing heat therefrom by evaporation of the working fluid. A condenser section in flow communication with evaporator section and remote from the soil transfers heat from the working fluid to ambient by heat exchange and subsequent condensation of the working fluid when the ambient is lower than the temperature of the soil. An active refrigeration stage in heat exchange relation with at least a portion of the condenser section removes heat from the working fluid by heat exchange when the ambient is above the soil temperature.

Abstract: The invention consists of a cooling system which can be powered by solar energy, utilizing solar flat plate collectors. Water, the boiling point of which has been lowered by an air vacuum, is used as a refrigerant instead of freon. The water boils at low temperature in sealed air evacuated heat exchange coils and removes heat from the environment. A solar differential temperature engine is modified to include a pump mechanism. The pump is used to transfer the vapor, generated by the boiling of the low boiling point water in the heat exchange coils, from the coils to the chambers of the differential temperature engine. The vapor then re-condenses into a liquid, without a compressor, through the differential temperature between the chambers of the engine. The re-condensed liquid then returns spontaneously to the heat exchange coils by force of gravity. The cooling system may likewise operate through house hold electic power on a standby or permenant basis.

Abstract: A high performance, low cost, regenerator/heat exchanger matrix or bed. The bed consists of numerous stretched elastomer sheets separated by spacers and stacked. The resulting matrix is of the parallel plate type with high porosity, and narrow, uniform, unobstructed channels. The bed is ideal for near room temperature regenerator applications. The bed may also be used to pump heat or refrigerate, when fitted with a mechanism which allows the stretch of the elastomer sheets to be rapidly increased and decreased periodically.

Abstract: An improved ground source heat pump system wherein the subterranean piping installation is constructed of a plurality of modular heat exchange units. Each such unit comprises an external tube with an expanded external surface and an insulated internal tube positioned concentrically within the external tube. The units are integrally formed of flexible plastic material, except for the insulation. The expanded external surface of the external tube significantly increases the heat exchange capacity of the subterranean heat exchanger. The insulation around the internal tube prevents thermal interference between the internal and external tubes and further enhances the heat exchange capacity of the system. There is no need for spacers or fins in the space between the internal and external tubes to control annular spacing or to promote turbulence.

Abstract: A heat pipe comprising a hermetic shell tube, a heat conveying fluid within the shell tube and a plurality of capillary circumferential or axial grooves provided entirely of an inner surface of the shell. A capillary axial channel structure which includes axially extending plates defining a U-shaped or V-shaped channels therebetween circumferential grooves and having an opening defining therein a meniscus of the heat conveying fluid in the liquid phase at least in the evaporator section and the condenser section. The capillary axial channel structure may comprise an inner tube for defining a tubular, axially extending capillary space therebetween. The inner tube has open ends disposed within the evaporation and condensation sections for allowing the heat conveying fluid to flow therethrough.

Abstract: Various techniques are disclosed for improving systems that include an evacuated, and in essence hermetically-sealed, fluid circuit containing a heat-transfer fluid which--while circulating, usually with the assistance of a pump, around the fluid circuit--absorbs heat, primarily by evaporation, from a heat source and releases the absorbed heat, primarily by condensation, to a heat sink; the maximum temperature of the heat sink being, at a given instant in time, lower than the maximum temperature of the heat source at that instant in time.The various techniques disclosed always furnish the fluid circuit with a property named `self-regulation`; and, where applicable, with one or more properties named `overpressure protection`, `freeze protection`, `heat-absorption control`, `heat-release control`, and `heat-source control`.

Abstract: A blade damper for use in fluid flow control devices having damper blades mounted on an axle and having extension ears mounted at opposite ends of the damper blades. The extension ears are mounted in a 90 degree relationship to the damper blades and are semi-circular at their boundary to allow for rotation with the damper blades. The extension ears prevent fluid leakage through boundary planes perpendicular to the axle when the damper is open thereby providing near linear side blade opening versus fluid flow characteristics.