Abstract: A method and apparatus to autonomously analyze the surface area and alloy composition ratios of a metallic implant, such as an orthopedic implant, so that an optimal voltage for biofilm disruption can be selected and make treatment easier based at least in part upon the autonomous detection of a hydrogen evolution reaction threshold.

Abstract: An electrode suitable as chlorine-evolving anode in electrolytic cells and a method for obtaining thereof is provided. The electrode has a metal substrate coated with a catalytic composition made of thin layers based on oxides of tin, iridium and ruthenium and combines excellent characteristics of anodic potential and selectivity with respect to the reaction of chlorine evolution without resorting to the use of dopants such as platinum and palladium.

Abstract: The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite electrolyte membrane which has excellent chemical resistance and can maintain sufficient mechanical strength even under conditions of high humidity and high pressure, which are the operating conditions for electrochemical hydrogen pumps and water electrolyzers. This composite electrolyte membrane, which is for achieving said purpose, has a composite layer obtained by combining a polyelectrolyte with a mesh woven material that satisfies (1) and (2) and comprises liquid crystal polyester fibers or polyphenylene sulfide fibers. (1): Mesh thickness (?m)/fiber diameter (?m)<2.0. (2): Opening (?m)/fiber diameter (?m)>1.0.

Abstract: A self-cleaning anode system for cathodic protection of equipment including a tank in which a liquid to be processed is located. The anode system includes a self-cleaning anode having a titanium body with a catalytic coating thereof. The anode includes at least one piezoelectric transducer for producing ultrasonic vibrations and coupling those vibrations to the catalytic coating on the anode to displace or dislodge any fouling deposits that may have accumulated on the anode during normal its normal operation in cathodically protecting the tank.

Abstract: Provided are a system for treating wastewater and a cleaning method thereof. The wastewater treatment system includes: a wastewater compartment, a first electrode, a second electrode, an acid compartment, a base compartment, an acid supply apparatus, a base supply apparatus, a control apparatus, and a power supply device. During the cleaning process, the power supply device provides reverse potential to the first and the second electrodes. The control apparatus shut off a first channel so that the acid supply apparatus provides an acid solution to the base compartment through a second channel, and shut off a third channel so that the base supply apparatus provides an alkaline solution to the acid compartment through a fourth channel, without shutting off the wastewater treatment system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode for electrochlorination processes, optionally operable under polarity reversal conditions, comprising an active layer provided with a doped Ru—Ti catalytic composition.

Abstract: A device for removing ions from a solution. The device includes first and second flow channels between an anion exchange membrane and first and second flow plates, respectively. The first flow channel has a first land volume positioned between the first land regions and the anion exchange membrane. The first flow channel has a first channel volume positioned between the anion exchange membrane and the first channel regions and spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane. The second flow channel has a second land volume positioned between the second land regions and the anion exchange membrane. The second flow channel has a second channel volume positioned between the anion exchange membrane and the second channel regions and spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane. The device also includes an intercalation material positioned within the first land and channel volumes or the second land and channel volumes.

Abstract: An electrolyzer system comprises one or more electrolyzer cells each comprising a first half cell with a first electrode and a second half cell with a second electrode and a controller to control a current applied through the one or more electrolyzer cells, wherein the controller is configured to dynamically set the current density within a current density range of from about 150 mA/cm2 to about 3000 mA/cm2, and wherein the controller is configured to set the current density to a first value when a first condition is met and to a second value when a second condition is met.

Abstract: The present invention relates to conductive multicomponent multiphase metal alloy. The metal alloy has the following (in atom-%):Ni, in a total amount of 35-70; wherein the remaining 30-65 comprises at least three elements selected from the list consisting of Sn, Nb, Ta, B, Cr, Ce, Fe, La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ti, Zr, Mn, Hf, Si, P, Al, Y and V in a total amount of at least 30. The metal alloy comprises at least three distinct crystalline phases, at least one phase being an intermetallic phase. The present invention also relates to an electrode material comprising said alloy, to a method for forming a coating on said alloy, and to a method for manufacturing said alloy.

Abstract: A cathode is provided for electrolysis of water wherein the cathode material comprises a multi-principal element, transition metal dichalcogenide material that has four or more chemical elements and that is a single phase, solid solution. The pristine cathode material does not contain platinum as a principal (major) component. However, a cathode comprising a transition metal dichalcogenide having platinum (Pt) nanosized islands or precipitates disposed thereon is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are cup assemblies for holding, sealing, and providing electrical power to a semiconductor substrate during electroplating which may include a cup bottom element having a main body portion and a moment arm, an elastomeric sealing element disposed on the moment arm, and an electrical contact element disposed on the elastomeric sealing element. The main body portion may be such that it does not substantially flex when a substrate is pressed against the moment arm, and it may be rigidly affixed to another feature of the cup structure. The ratio of the average vertical thickness of the main body portion to that of the moment arm may be greater than about 5. The electrical contact element may have a substantially flat but flexible contact portion disposed upon a substantially horizontal portion of the sealing element. The elastomeric sealing element may be integrated with the cup bottom element during manufacturing.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatuses, systems and methods for the production and separation of gases in membraneless liquid alkaline electrolysis, and particularly to electrodes and electrode assemblies for use in a divergent electrolytic flow-through apparatus. The apparatus according to the invention comprises an inlet chamber; first and second permeable electrodes each having first and second sides and defining an inner aperture surrounding the inner region, the first sides of the first and second electrodes arranged to face each other to define an electrode gap within the inlet chamber; a first electrolytic solution inlet into the outer region and a second electrolytic solution inlet into the inner region; a first outlet in fluid flow communication with the second side of the first electrode, and a second outlet in fluid flow communication with the second side of the second electrode.

Abstract: An automated system for measuring the voltage potential across test coupons, reference cells and metal structures is disclosed. The system may evaluate the amount of cathodic protection that may be applied to the metal structure. The system may automatically take, store and transmit data to a backend system via wireless and/or satellite communication systems.

Abstract: A method for producing fluorine gas including electrolyzing an electrolyte in an electrolytic cell, measuring the average particle size of a mist contained in a fluid generated in the inside of the electrolytic cell in the electrolyzing the electrolyte, and sending the fluid from the inside to the outside of the electrolytic cell through a flow path. The flow path in which the fluid flows is switched in accordance with the average particle size of the mist measured in the measuring the average particle size, such that the fluid is sent to a first flow path when the average particle size of the mist measured in the measuring the average particle size is not more than a predetermined reference value, or the fluid is sent to a second flow path when the average particle size is more than the predetermined reference value.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for operating an electrolyzer. The systems and methods include operations comprising: forming an electrical series connection through the plurality of electrolytic cells; bypassing a first electrolytic cell using bypass circuitry included in a first bipolar plate to electrically remove the first electrolytic cell from the electrical series connection while maintaining flow of current through a second of electrolytic cell; monitoring one or more parameters of the plurality of electrolytic cells; and generating, based on the one or more parameters, a model representing operating conditions of the electrolytic cells on an individual electrolytic cell basis.

Abstract: A catalyst nanocomposite and methods of making the same. The catalyst nanocomposite includes a substrate; and a coating disposed on the substrate, the coating having a ruthenium and nitrogen co-doped carbon matrix. The coating may be melamine and formaldehyde and produced via pyrolizing the melamine and formaldehyde on a nanowire made of metals such as tellurium.

Abstract: A vessel corrosion protection apparatus includes a specially shaped anode having a smaller diameter, longer portion and a shorter portion with radially extending ribs that are cast with the anode and configured to engage the inside surface of a section of pipe that extends away from the vessel outer wall. A vessel corrosion protection apparatus includes a specially shaped anode having a smaller diameter, longer portion and a shorter portion with radially extending ribs that are configured to engage the inside surface of a section of pipe that extends away from the vessel outer wall, the anode connected to a plate not made of anodic material and which has a face free from penetrations which would allow liquid penetration through the plate when the anode is attached to a vessel.

Abstract: A metallic object to be protected from corrosion, such as a steel automobile body panel, is connected to an electron source as a cathode. An electrically isolating coating is disposed on the metallic object. A blanket anode is applied onto the electrically isolating coating. The blanket anode is electrically conductive. A non-metallic electrode is connected to the blanket anode and to the electron source. Hydrogen absorbent mixtures are added to the coating. Capillary action is addressed. Damage to the blanket anode and the electrically isolating coating creates a location for electrolyte to collect to create an electrochemical cell and activate cathodic protection to prevent corrosion of the metallic object.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an anode to oxidize water; an electrolytic solution flow path facing on the anode and through which an electrolytic solution containing the water flows; a cathode including: a porous conductive layer having first and second surfaces; and a reduction catalyst layer having a third surface disposed on the first surface and containing a reduction catalyst to reduce carbon dioxide; a separator between the anode and the cathode; a power supply connected to the anode and the cathode; and a flow path plate including: a fourth surface on the second surface; and a flow path facing on the second surface and through which the carbon dioxide flows. A ratio of an area of an overlap of the second surface and the flow path to an area of the second surface is 0.5 or more and 0.85 or less.