Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus to perform an electrochemical process by manipulating the charge on an electrode involved in the primary circuit of the electrochemical reaction. The amount of charge on the electrode can be manipulated independent of the bias voltage of the primary circuit and is accomplished by coupling the electrode with various different configurations.

Abstract: An electrode including a metal coil and a metal wire is provided. The metal coil includes a metal selected from copper, silver, gold, nickel and aluminium. The turns of the metal coil are separated by a gap. At least part of the metal wire is arranged inside the metal coil. The metal wire and the metal coil are in electrical contact. The metal wire includes a metal selected from copper, silver, gold, nickel and aluminum. The metal wire and the metal coil are made of a same metal. The metal coil has a plurality of turns forming an elongated coil body with a central channel along a central axis of the metal coil. The metal wire extends longitudinally inside the central channel from one end of the metal coil to an other end of the metal coil along the central axis of the metal coil.

Abstract: An array of anode assemblies for insertion at a plurality of locations in a gap between a section of a reinforced concrete structure and another solid structure is provided. Each anode assembly comprises an expandable member, an anode attached to the expandable member for protecting a steel reinforcement in the reinforced concrete structure, and an anode connector for interconnecting the array of anode assemblies. During use, each anode assembly of the array of anode assemblies is inserted into the gap, between the section of the reinforced concrete structure and the solid structure, at the plurality of locations. The expandable member of each anode assembly is configured to expand so as to press the anode into contact with a surface of the reinforced concrete structure.

Abstract: A porous transparent electrode is formed where a film comprising of semiconducting nanoparticles is decorated with polyoxometalates (POMs) bonded to their surfaces. The semiconducting nanoparticles are transparent metal oxide. The semiconducting nanoparticles include tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or titanium dioxide (TiO2). In an embodiment, the POM is [SiW12O40]4?; [?-P2W18O62]6?; or [?2-P2W17O61]10?. The semiconducting nanoparticles bond to the POM through a combination of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The porous transparent electrode can be placed in a protonated form or ion-paired with alkali metal cations or tetraalkylammonium cations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a bismuth vanadate electrode including vanadium-functionalized graphene quantum dots and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, it relates to a technology which is capable of, by adding graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in the process of immersing a bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) electrode in an alkaline solution to remove vanadium oxide (V2O5) excessively formed on the surface of the electrode during its preparation, protecting the electrode from the alkaline solution as the graphene quantum dots are adsorbed onto the surface of BiVO4 while V2O5 is removed, and improving the efficiency of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) when applied to a photoanode due to vanadium (V)-functionalized graphene quantum dots formed as the etched vanadium ions ((VO)43?) are adsorbed onto the graphene quantum dots.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical cells and methods use catalytic copper-based anodes to carry out the electrochemical oxidation reactions.

Abstract: A system consisting of a pencil-type sacrificial anode rod and a companion plug for use in, e.g., marine engines, generators, and other machinery or fluid-containing components requiring the presence of sacrificial anodes to prevent galvanic and electrolytic corrosion. The anode rod is securely held in the plug via a push-to-connect mechanism that allows the anode rod to rotate when acted on by a torsional force. This mechanism allows for extraction of the plug through pure tensile forces on the anode rod, thus preventing the breaking of stuck anode rods through torsional forces or stuck anode rods being left behind in engine components due to unthreading of the anode rod from the plug. Electrical continuity between the anode rod and plug is continuously maintained via metal-to-metal contact.

Abstract: An electrode (1), the electrode (1) comprises a substrate (4, 5) on which is located a porous layer of a conducting or semi-conducting oxide (6) and having located thereon Ferredoxin NADP Reductase (FNR) (3). The electrode (1) can be used to drive organic synthesis via nicotinamide cofactor regeneration.

Abstract: A method for making an electrocatalyst containing manganese oxide nanoparticles present on carbon obtained from Albizia procera (MnOxNPs-C) for electrochemical water oxidation. The method includes a thermal decomposition and forms a product with specific morphological variations, including crystalline structure, elemental composition, and chemical compatibility. The manganese oxide nanoparticles are well dispersed over the carbon. The amount of manganese oxide nanoparticles increases by increasing the amount of precursor. Single-phase formation of the Mn3O4, and Mn3O4 along with MnO phase occurs at low and high amount of the precursor materials, respectively. The electrocatalyst can be used for the purpose electrolytic water splitting.

Abstract: One object of this application is to provide an advanced substrate holder including a clamper. A substrate holder holds a substrate by interposing the substrate between frames. The substrate holder includes a front frame, a rear frame, and one or a plurality of clampers. Each of the clampers includes a hook portion including a hook base and a hook main body, and a plate including at least one claw. At least one of the clampers includes the plate including a first claw for a lock and a second claw for a semi-lock.

Abstract: A novel magnesium-based alloy is described. The alloy is particularly suitable for the construction of electrodes, especially anodes, that can be used for an electrochemical process, such as the synthesis of struvite. The magnesium-based alloy is an AZXY alloy in which A is aluminium and Z is zinc, X represents the content, expressed in wt. %, of the first element, and Y the content, expressed in wt. %, of the second element. The AZXY alloy according to the invention has 2%?X?4% and 0.5%?Y?2%, and an iron (Fe) content of less than 0.005%, and preferably less than 0.003%. The anodes constituted by this novel alloy have a much slower corrosion speed and improved performances compared to existing anodes. An electrode cartridge comprising said alloy and suitable for being inserted into an electrolytic reactor so as to form, once assembled, an electrocoagulation unit, is also described.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode comprising a substrate and a coating on the substrate. The coating comprises a plurality of layers, including the following layers in sequence moving outwardly from the substrate: a base layer comprising an oxide of a valve metal; a lower layer comprising an oxide of a platinum group metal and/or an oxide of a precious metal; and a mixed oxide primary layer comprising both: (i) an oxide of a platinum group metal and/or an oxide of a precious metal, and (ii) an oxide of a valve metal and/or an oxide of a group 15 metal. The base layer is devoid of any platinum group metal oxide, and the lower layer is devoid of any valve metal oxide. The present invention also provides methods of manufacturing such electrodes. Also provide are methods of using an electrochemical cell equipped with a certain multilayer coated electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode comprising an electrically conductive substrate of which at least one portion of the surface is covered with a metal deposit of copper, the surface of said deposit being in an oxidised, sulphurised, selenised and/or tellurised form and the deposit having a specific surface area of more than 1 m2/g; a method for preparing such an electrode; and a method for oxygenising water with dioxygen involving such an electrode.

Abstract: In an aspect, a method of making a composite core-shell nanoparticle comprises forming a nanoparticle core comprising nickel oxide or iron oxide via thermal decomposition of a nickel complex or an iron complex; and forming an oxide shell over the core, the oxide shell comprising nickel, iron or a mixture thereof. In another aspect, a method of making composite nanoparticles comprises providing a mixture comprising nickel complex and iron complex; and thermally decomposing the nickel and iron complexes to provide the composite nanoparticles comprising (Ni,Fe)Ox alloy. In yet another aspect, a composition comprises composite nanoparticles, the composite nanoparticles including a nickel oxide core and oxide shell, the oxide shell comprising a mixture of nickel and iron.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a jig electrolytic stripper that can sufficiently remove palladium adhered to the current-conducting portion of a plating jig, that can remove palladium adhered to the insulating-material-coated portion of the jig, and that exhibits reduced erosion of the metal of the current-conducting portion of the jig. The jig electrolytic stripper comprises the following components (A) to (C): (A) at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitric acid and salts thereof, (B) at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium salts, ethylene amine compounds, alkyl diamine compounds, and amino acids, and (C) a bromide.

Abstract: An electrode for electrolytic processes, in particular to an anode suitable for oxygen evolution having a valve metal substrate, a catalytic layer, a protection layer consisting of oxides of valve metals interposed between the substrate and the catalytic layer and an outer coating of oxides of valve metals. The electrode is particularly suitable for processes of cathodic electrodeposition of chromium from an aqueous solution containing Cr (III).

Abstract: An electrode suitable for chlorine evolution in electrolysis cells consists of a metal substrate coated with two distinct compositions applied in alternate layers, the former comprising oxides of iridium, ruthenium and valve metals, for instance tantalum, and the latter comprising oxides of iridium, ruthenium and tin. The thus-obtained electrode couples excellent characteristics of anodic potential and selectivity towards the chlorine evolution reaction.

Abstract: A device for performing electrolysis of water is disclosed. The device may include a semiconductor structure with a surface and an electron guiding layer below said surface, the electron guiding layer of the semiconductor structure being configured to guide electron movement in a plane parallel to the surface. The electron guiding layer of the semiconductor structure may include an InGaN quantum well or a heterojunction, the heterojunction being a junction between AlN material and GaN material or between AlGaN material and GaN material and at least one metal cathode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor structure. The device may further include at least one photoanode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor structure, wherein the at least one photoanode may include a plurality of quantum dots of InxGa(1-x)N material, wherein 0.4?x?1. A system including such a device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An intelligent system is provided for monitoring a subsea structure and delivering appropriate cathodic protection to desired areas of the subsea structure. According to an embodiment, the technique involves monitoring a cathodic protection potential level at an important location or locations of the subsea structure. Based on the data acquired via monitoring, a controller is able to apply voltage levels to the subsea structure so as to attain and modulate a desired cathodic protection level, e.g. a cathodic protection level within a range of about ?800 mV to ?950 mV (SCE). Consequently, undesirable overprotection and under protection are avoided and the subsea structure is adequately protected from corrosion while reducing undesirable production of hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for generating hydrogen including contacting a catalyst with a proton source, the catalyst having a catalytic component with a first surface comprising a plurality of catalytic sites and a carbon component provided as a layer on the first surface, wherein the carbon component comprises a plurality of pores. Also provided are catalysts for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction and methods of making the same.