Abstract: A radiating device consisting of a blower (140) and a radiation source (38) which emits ultra violet radiation (UV-radiation) being connected with a voltage-dropping impedance and with an AC-power source, whereby the radiation source cooperates with an air flow which is generated by the blower, in particular a hair dryer (141). The voltage dropping impedance is mainly capacitive and the radiation source (33) is arranged in the air flow of the blower, whereby the air flow cools the radiation source in such a manner that that the instantaneous value of its restriking voltage.ltoreq.to the instantaneous value of the line voltage.

Abstract: The invention provides a general purpose X-ray tube for stereography usable in the field of radiology. An X-ray tube of the invention comprises at least three independent cathodes, each allowing a source of an X-ray beam to be obtained. These sources are at different distances from each other, so as to form working pairs allowing stereographic pictures to be taken of a subject with different enlargement values.

Abstract: A thermal imager includes an infrared sensitive light valve and a light source arranged to illuminate the full responsive area of the valve. The imager also includes an optical stage having focussing optics for forming an infrared image upon the surface of the valve and a chopper for modulating infrared radiation from a scene. Modulated light from the valve is read out in parallel by a detector array, and frame signals corresponding to alternate positions of the chopper are subtracted to provide uniformity correction. The light valve may comprise an infrared sensitive optically active liquid crystal cell and an analyzer adjusted to near extinction. An optical processor comprising a lens and an apodized stop filter lies in the light path between the valve and the detector array. The light source may comprise an array of light emitting diode elements and the filter a number of corresponding off-axis stop regions.

Abstract: An infrared spectrometer comprises first optical means for focussing a beam of light in a point-shaped area of a sample (19), second optical means for focussing upon a detector (26) the light emitted by the sample, and third optical means permitting the visual observation of the point-shaped area (19). The second optical means of this arrangement are so designed that they pick up the light reflected by the point-shaped area (19). The arrangement of the invention permits measurements to be performed on extremely small areas and even on samples which are not or hardly pervious to light in the infrared range.

Abstract: A heat energy measuring system which directs radiation through a sample of a combustible fluid and detects the absorbance of at least one combustible component of the combustible fluid at a selected spectral line, there being at least one spectral line for each combustible component to be examined in the fluid. The system also combines at least one heat energy proportionality factor with the absorbance at each spectral line and sums these combinations to determine the heat energy of the fluid. Where the components to be examined are functional groups, the system measures more generally a physical property of a fluid dependent on the physical characteristics of and the quantity of those functional groups in the fluid.

Abstract: A pulse pile-up discrimination system for a multicell detector accumulates a charge on each cell to detect its response to a radiant emission impinging on an unknown position of the detector; the position of impingement of the radiant emission is established in accordance with the charge on each cell; a pulse pile-up discriminator provides, associated with each impingement position, lower and upper discrimination levels of a function of the distribution of charge on the cells indicative of a pulse pile-up; a function of the distribution of the charge on the cells is generated in response to the radiant emission impinging on the unknown position of the detector; the function of the distribution of charges on the cells in response to the radiant emission impinging on the unknown position of the detectors is compared to the lower and upper discrimination levels of a function of the distribution of charges provided by the pulse pile-up discriminator to determine whether a pulse pile-up has occurred.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a dental radiological image on the monitor of a display system is provided by the present invention.

Abstract: A light guide member comprises an optical block provided with a light input face positioned close to and approximately in parallel with a stimulable phosphar sheet carrying a radiation image stored therein, and a dichroic optical plane formed above the light input face at an angle larger than 45.degree. with respect to the light input face. The dichroic optical plane transmits stimulating rays and reflects light emitted by the stimulable phosphor sheet upon exposure to stimulating rays. The optical block is also provided with upper and lower total reflection planes extending approximately in parallel with the path of light reflected by the dichroic optical plane after entering from the light input face approximately normal thereto.

Abstract: A medical imaging device employs a plurality of triggered plasma cathode flash X-ray sources, each of which has an axially extending round anode rod, a cathode, and a trigger electrode. The application of a trigger pulse between the electrode and the cathode produces a burst of plasma near the cathode, the plasma containing electrons that are accelerated toward and impact the anode in a region termed the "focal spot" for producing X-rays when a voltage source applies a predetermined voltage between the cathode and anode. According to the invention, a non-conducting surface interconnects the electrode with a cathode or a conductor held at the same potential as the cathode, the application of a trigger pulse to the electrode causing flashover across said surface for producing the burst of plasma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of measuring radioactivity which is suitable for discriminating between surface and internal contaminations of a body.The radioactivity of a subject is measured to obtain a .gamma.-ray energy spectrum of radioactivity signals obtained thereby, and a discrimination between surface and internal contamination of the subject is performed on the basis of the ratio between a photoelectric effect component and a Compton-scattered component of the .gamma.-ray energy spectrum.According to the present invention, surface and internal contaminations can be clearly identified.

Abstract: An external standard intensity ratio method is used for quantitatively determining mineralogic compositions of samples by x-ray diffraction. The method uses ratios of x-ray intensity peaks from a single run. Constants are previously determined for each mineral which is to be quantitatively measured. Ratios of the highest intensity peak of each mineral to be quantified in the sample and the highest intensity peak of a reference mineral contained in the sample are used to calculate sample composition.

Abstract: A low-temperature stage for use in an electron microscope comprises a main body (37), a holder (10) for a specimen mount, a heat exchanger (16) within the main body (37), conduit means (14, 18) for supplying coolant to the heat exchanger, a bar (22) of relatively large cross-section and relatively high thermal conductivity interconnecting the heat exchanger (16) and the specimen mount holder (10) to form a heat transfer path therebetween, and a support member (28) of relatively small cross-section and relatively low thermal conductivity interconnecting the specimen mount holder (10) and the main body (37), the support member (28) being a generally box-shaped member (28) disposed around said bar. An anti-contaminator for an electron microscope, comprising a metallic cryogenic shield (58), a tank (50) for holding a cryogenic liquid maintained at boiling point, and a thermal pathway (60) between the shield (58) and the tank (50).

Abstract: A light guide member comprises three optical blocks. The first optical block is provided with a light input face positioned close to and approximately in parallel with a stimulable phosphor sheet carrying a radiation image stored therein, and a light output face parallel with the light input face. The second optical block is provided with a light input face slightly spaced apart from the light output face of the first optical block, a dichroic optical plane extending upward from one end of the light input face at an angle of approximately 45.degree., and a light output face extending downward from an upper end of the dichroic optical plane. The dichroic optical plane transmits stimulating rays and reflects light emitted by the stimulable phosphor sheet upon exposure to stimulating rays.

Abstract: A high power window for an evacuated electron beam generator and the like which comprises one or more pluralities of conductive successive fins parallelly and closely spaced arcuately extending transversely across the electron beam foil window and held by the vacuum pressure to the inner surface thereof, with the fin cross-section preferably tapering in thickness inwardly.

Abstract: Measuring arrangement for determining the concentration of gaseous radioiodine in a carrier gas, composed of a mass of sorption agent for separating the gaseous radioiodine from the carrier gas and for accumulating the separated radioiodine, with a part of the mass of sorption agent being located in a measuring region, a conduit for conducting the carrier gas to the sorption agent and provided with at least one outlet via which carrier gas can flow into the measuring region containing sorption agent, and a radiation detector disposed for detecting radiation emanating from the measuring region, with the sorption agent being movable relative to the conduit for bringing different portions of the mass of sorption material into the measuring region.

Abstract: A borehole logging tool includes a pulsed source of fast neutrons and a neutron sensitive counter. A neutron filter encases the counter and has a thickness to permit the longest possible delay time following each burst of fast neutrons before epithermal neutrons from the irradiated formation are detected by the neutron counter while at the same time minimizing thermal neutron effects.

Abstract: A gas detector arrangement, e.g. for detecting carbon dioxide, includes an infra-red source, a photodetector and band pass filter disposed in the light path therebetween. The arrangement includes means for oscillating the pass-band of the filter across an absorption band edge of the gas to be detected. The arrangement is portable and may be installed in diving apparatus.

Abstract: In a system provided with a plurality of photomultipliers, the sensitivities of the photomultipliers relative to one another are detected by comparing the outputs of the photomultipliers generated under irradiation by light emitted from the same light source. The difference between the detected sensitivities relative to one another and predetermined sensitivities relative to one another is calculated, and the sensitivities of the respective photomultipliers are corrected so that the difference becomes zero.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inlet system for use in a mass spectrometer which comprises a capillary tube 10 for introducing ions for analysis into the ion source of the spectrometer. An expansion chamber 14 arranged at the end of the capillary tube 10 has an aperture sealingly connectable to a tube 16 containing a sample to be analyzed. A piston 18 disposed within the expansion chamber 14 acts as a closure member for opening and closing the said aperture. A pumping line 25 is provided for evacuating the expansion chamber 14 to low vacuum after communication is established between the expansion chamber and the sample tube 16 and the piston 18 seals off the pumping line from the expansion chamber 14 after a low vacuum has been achieved in the latter chamber to permit evacuation of the expansion chamber to 14 a higher vacuum by way of the capillary tube 10 to a diffusion pump evacuating the space within the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A meat grader grades meat disposed in a bin of predetermined dimensions wherein the meat extends at least about two feet in all directions. A probe includes a housing containing a scintillation phosphor responsive to gamma rays including 1.46 Mev gamma rays from potassium-40 for producing corresponding light pulses of magnitude systematically related to the energy of the incident gamma rays, and a photomultiplier optically coupled to the phosphor for producing corresponding electronic pulses of magnitude systematically related to the magnitude of said light pulse. The probe is inserted into the meat to dispose the phosphor near the center of the meat. A differential pulse height discriminator selectively responds to such of the electronic pulses as are of a limited range of magnitude including that characteristic of the 1.46 Mev gamma rays by producing corresponding discriminated signal pulses.