Abstract: There are frames of three types, namely intraframes (I0), predicted frames (P3, P6) and interpolated or bidirectional frames (B1, B2). Each bidirectional frame is decoded twice in succession, a first time (1.sup.1) for obtaining a first field (1e) and displaying it as its decoding proceeds, while the second field is obtained in the course of the same decoding operation but is not used, and subsequently a second time (1.sub.2) for obtaining the second field (1o) and displaying it progressively. As the bidirectional frames are decoded and displayed in lines of blocks, the lines of blocks which are being decoded are located progressively in a memory, each time in place of a line of blocks whose contents have been displayed.

Abstract: A mobile communications system including a plurality of communications networks, each of which has one location register (a home location register or gate location register) and one or more visitor registers. Each of the visitor registers is located in each one of visiting areas for storing information about a communication terminal. The location register stores the number of the visitor register of the visiting area in which the communication terminal is present, and the information about the communication terminal. When the communication terminal moves between the communications networks, the information about the communication terminal is transferred between the location registers. When the communication terminal moves between the visiting areas in the same communications network, the information about the communication terminal is provided from the location register to the visitor register.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for signal conditioning which reduces non-linear distortion caused by RF/FM transmitters by lowering the carrier frequency of the modem transmit signal. This is accomplished by lowering the highest frequency in the input signal to the RF/FM transmitter. In one embodiment, modem datapumps are modified so that the optimal modem carrier frequency is utilized for data modulation. The optimal carrier frequency is computed by placing the lowest frequency component in the transmit spectrum at the low band-edge of the RF channel. In other embodiments, a conventional modem transmit spectrum is shifted to the optimal carrier frequency, which is determined by the method described above. Another aspect of the present invention involves the modification of the receiving modem to operate with both conventional land-line modems and the present invention modified-carrier modems used in conjunction with the cellular telephone network.

Abstract: System and method for determining displacement or alteration of flexible media under different operating conditions. The system includes a reference pattern which is projected onto the surface of the flexible media. The modes of displacement can then be visualized by viewing the reference pattern reflected from the surface of the flexible media.

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring signal strengths of radio signals in radiocommunication systems are described. In many radiocommunication systems, base stations and/or mobile station take signal strength measurements on various radio channels, e.g., those in neighboring calls, to provide information to the system for channel allocation and handoff decisions. By sorting lists of channels to be measured into frequency order and taking into account a last tuned channel as well as radio specific tuning characteristics, the overall time spent tuning to each channel in the list can be reduced.

Abstract: A portable satellite communication apparatus constituted by a body portion and an antenna portion, wherein the antenna portion is attached on an azimuth angle adjustor provided on the body portion so that the upper surface of the antenna portion is made to be the transmission/reception direction of radio waves and the antenna portion is made rotatable so as to act also as a cover for covering the body portion. The antenna portion can be adjusted with respect to its azimuth angle, elevation angle and polarization angle. A panel portion and a handling instruction indicating portion are provided on the upper surface of the body portion and a lamp is provided on the antenna support portion so as to illuminate the panel portion and the handling instruction indicating portion to facilitate the handling of the apparatus in the night or the like.

Abstract: Since the present invention includes a character pattern ROM 7a having no memory of upper and lower space data lines, there is an address determination circuit 28 and a selection circuit 29, and when a value of an address signal L is not within an actual memory range from "3" to "16", the address determination circuit outputs a false signal as a determination result upon which the selection circuit outputs character pattern lines each including only extra space data, so that it is possible to serve a similar function to that of a conventional one with a smaller memory capacity than that of the conventional one.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scanning an image using a moving lens scanning system is described. The present invention moves film through a pin registered film gate, creating a projected image. A light source exposes images on the film in the film gate. The projected image passes through a lens and exposes a sensor, for example, a CCD camera. The sensor converts the section of the projected image exposed to it into electronic signals, and transfers that data out of the sensor. In one embodiment, the position of the film gate relative to the lens and sensor is adjustable to accommodate different size film formats. A rectangular sensor is used having a width narrower than the projected image width, and a height corresponding to the height of the projected image.

Abstract: A high-speed tape dubbing method and apparatus for dubbing a signal recorded on a master tape onto slave tapes running at a speed N (for example, 3) times a standard tape running speed, which is capable of inserting a copy guard signal without degradation of image quality, during a time period in which the signal is processed in digital form and a copy guard signal inserting apparatus for use in the tape dubbing apparatus are provided. The copy guard signal is inserted by digitally processing the signal by the copy guard signal inserting apparatus during a vertical blanking period of a digital luminance signal whose speed is made N times the standard speed by a signal arrangement converter/digital rate converter. The digital luminance signal to which the copy guard signal is inserted is converted into an analog signal by a D/A converter and recorded by respective slave recording apparatuses together with the chroma signal.

Abstract: A method for encoding a picture based on an intra-picture coding and an inter-picture prediction coding having an absolute value of a maximum range of motion compensation between continuous pictures in terms of time being H pixels (H: a positive integer) in a first direction and V pixels (V: a positive integer) in a second direction, the method includes the steps of: receiving a picture and judging whether the picture is directly/indirectly referred to by a further picture among the continuous pictures in terms of time or not; determining a maximum distance L (L: a positive integer) between the picture and the further picture directly/indirectly referring to the picture; dividing the picture into a first to an Nth sub-pictures (N: an integer equal to or larger than 2), a size of the first to the Nth sub-pictures being larger by at least L.times.V pixels in the first direction or at least L.times.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for: (1) inputting economic variables expected to influence future asset values and asset-specific variables; (2) estimating financial statements, future asset values, and tentative asset NPVs using estimated economic variables and estimated asset-specific variables; (3) estimating different financial statements, future asset values and current asset NPVs assuming different estimates of the economic variables that affect asset values; and (4) processes to: (a) equate; or (2) reduce to acceptably small numbers the differences between: (i) the risk measures, terminal values, default premiums, and risk premiums used to determine current values, and (ii) risk measures, terminal values, default premiums, and risk premiums implied by the estimates of economic and firm-specific variables.

Abstract: An electronic endoscope apparatus is of a field-sequential imaging type, comprising an illuminating unit for illuminating an object by sequentially emitting color illumination rays with a plurality of different wavelengths and an imaging device for photoelectrically transforming the object image formed with the color illumination rays emanating from the illuminating unit. The electronic endoscope includes a drive circuit for driving the imaging device so as to read the locations in the imaging device associated with only one of two fields, image memories for storing video signals representing the object image formed with the color illumination rays and having been read from the imaging device, and memory control units for reading color video signals from the image memories in synchronization with a vertical-synchronizing signal.

Abstract: A system for estimating block motion from a previous frame to a current frame, wherein motion vectors have been computed for blocks in the previous frame. The system comprises a P-checkerboard processor, an S-checkerboard processor and a block matching engine. The a P-checkerboard processor selects a first current block from a primary checkerboard pattern, retrieves motion vectors for reference blocks in the previous frame, and uses the retrieved motion vectors to generate a temporal search window. The block matching engine locates in the temporal search window a block which best matches the first current block, and determines the current motion vector from the best matching block to the first current block. Alternatively, the a P-checkerboard processor can use the retrieved motion vectors to interpolate the current motion vector. The S-checkerboard processor selects a second current block from a secondary checkerboard pattern, and uses the current motion vector to generate a spatial dynamic search window.

Abstract: A blocking matching motion estimation apparatus estimates a displacement of a search block in a current frame with respect to each of candidate blocks in a previous frame to produce motion vectors and error signals representing the similarity between the search block and a candidate block. The motion estimating apparatus employs a weight function to weight a number of error signals based on a MSE measurement and selects a weighted error signal entailing a minimum error to produce a motion vector corresponding thereto. The weight function is determined by using either a local variance for a localized subblock defined for each pixel in the search block or a gradient of pixels in the search block filtered by a 2-dimensional gradient filter.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image decoding and reconstruction system for successively reading out and decoding compression video data constituting one screen page and reconstructing an image with a memory of a small capacity. The system of the invention divides an image of one screen page into 8.times.8-pixel blocks, compresses video data by discrete cosine transform, successively reads data in the unit of a 2.times.2 matrix of the 8.times.8-pixel blocks, and stores the video data along horizontal scanning lines in one of two memories while reading other video data previously stored along the scanning lines out of the other memory. The invention also provides an interblock distortion removal filter for eliminating interblock distortions due to orthogonal transform.

Abstract: A very low intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver is described for use in a wireless LAN, cellular telephone, cordless telephone, and other radio transceiver applications. The transceiver preferably directly down-converts the RF signal to lower frequency such as a very low IF signal, which can be handled by transceiver components advantageously integrated with the communication control system such as an MAC or serial communications controller. Preferably, the very low IF signal is above peak modulation deviation and below the channel interval for the communication system. The very low IF signal may be up converted so that the RF signal can be more reliably demodulated. Alternatively, the RF signal can be additionally converted to a second IF frequency before the very low IF frequency to reduce the effects of noise in the transceiver. Alternatively, an image rejection mixer circuit can be employed to provide some rejection selectivity for the adjacent channels on one side of the local oscillator.

Abstract: The three-dimensional television set comprises a closed apparatus (12) with a 3D video signal input and/or arial input, and a laser source (22), a modulator (24) and a deflecting system (30) arranged in the closed apparatus (12), and a light emitting surface (40) at the front face of the closed apparatus (12), said deflecting system (30) providing deflection of laser beam produced by said laser source (22) into pixels (42) of said light emitting surface (40), and a further deflection to direct laser ray emitted from said pixels (42) to various directions (i.sub.1, i.sub.2 . . . i.sub.n) defining a three-dimensional field of view, under control of synchronizing signal corresponding to direction information of a 3D video signal.

Abstract: A radio apparatus using a limited channel scan mode is provided. In the limited channel scan mode, a parent unit scans for transmitting within a limited channel group determined on the basis of the last channel used, and a child unit intermittently scans for receiving within the same limited channel group. Since not all channels are scanned, the working time of the child unit during one scan period is shortened and the battery power is saved. When interference occurs during communication, the channel being used is switched and the channel group thereafter is thus also changed.

Abstract: A private radio system within a serving cell of a cellular communications system periodically monitors the broadcast information transmitted on the control channels of the serving and surrounding cells. From this monitoring, all those carrier frequencies serving as control channels are derived for the cell areas around the serving cell and a control channel list constructed. The private radio system then carries out signal strength measurements on the downlink control channels, and orders the control channel list accordingly. Alternatively, a mobile station that is attached to a private radio system can perform the downlink measurements and forward the measurements to the private radio system.

Abstract: In a motion vector detection apparatus which processes a plurality of candidate blocks of pixels defined in a search range within a reference frame, to detect a candidate block having maximum correlation with an object block of M.times.N pixels in an object frame, a first input circuit receives successive pixels of the object block in respective clock periods and transfers each pixel to a specific one of a set of M.times.N processor circuits, while a second input circuit receives successive pixels of the search range and transfers each to a specific one of the processor circuits, such that the pixel values of a candidate block are respectively sequentially processed by each of the processor circuits in successive clock periods, with difference values between corresponding object and candidate block pixel values, generated by respective processor circuits, being cumulatively added to obtain an inter-block error value for that candidate block.