Abstract: Methods and means are provided for reducing the phenotypic expression of a nucleic acid of interest in eukaryotic cells by providing aberrant, preferably unpolyadenylated, target-specific RNA to the nucleus of the host cell. Preferably, the unpolyadenylated, target-specific RNA is provided by transcription of a chimeric gene comprising a promoter and a DNA region encoding the target-specific RNA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dengue virus-specific siRNA, a double-stranded oligo RNA structure comprising the siRNA, and a composition for inhibiting dengue virus replication, which comprises the same, in which the double-stranded oligo RNA structure comprises a hydrophilic compound and hydrophobic compound conjugated to both ends of the double-stranded RNA (siRNA) by a single covalent bond or a linker-mediated covalent bond so that they will be efficiently delivered into cells, and can be converted into nanoparticles by hydrophobic interactions between the double-stranded oligo RNA structures in an aqueous solution. The siRNA included in the double-stranded oligo RNA structure acts specifically on all dengue virus serotypes. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the double-stranded oligo RNA structure, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dengue virus infection, which comprises the double-stranded oligo RNA structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of identifying host cell molecules which may be modulated to inhibit viral replication and method of testing antiviral compounds. In addition, the invention provides compositions, methods and medicaments for treating viral infections and/or diseases or conditions caused or contributed to by viruses.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods for competitive modulation of microRNAs. Such compounds and methods have profound effects on cells. MicroRNAs (microRNAs), are small (approximately 18-24 nucleotides in length), non-coding RNA molecules encoded in the genomes of plants and animals. In certain instances, microRNAs regulate the expression of genes by binding to the 3?-untranslated regions (3?-UTR) of specific mRNAs. More than 1000 different microRNAs have been identified in plants and animals.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to methods of controlling coagulation, and in particular, to methods of effecting neutralizable rapid onset anticoagulation, and to compounds and compositions suitable for use in such methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for treating and/or preventing myopia, including: administering an RNA interference (RNAi) to a subject, wherein the RNA interference is capable of counteracting another RNA interference, and the other RNA interference is an RNA interference capable of inhibiting an expression of PAX-6 gene, and the RNA interference capable of inhibiting an expression of PAX-6 gene comprises microRNA-328.

Abstract: The invention is to methods of gene silencing in arthropods using dsRNA. The method is include contacting the arthropod with, and/or directly feeding the arthropod, the dsRNA to the arthropods to deliver the dsRNA to arthropod tissues. It is envisaged that the methods of the invention will have use in determining the biological function of genes in arthropods. Methods of pest control of arthropods, and of protecting arthropods against parasites and predators are provided. Transgenic arthropods expressing dsRNA molecules are also provided by the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antisense oligonucleotides that modulate the expression of and/or function of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1), in particular, by targeting natural antisense polynucleotides of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1). The invention also relates to the identification of these antisense oligonucleotides and their use in treating diseases and disorders associated with the expression of NRF1.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the invention is directed to a method for diagnosing fibrosis and/or fibrosis related diseases and to a method for screening a pharmaceutically active compound for the treatment of fibrosis and/or fibrosis related diseases. The present invention further relates to compositions for use in the treatment, amelioration, and/or prevention of fibrosis. In certain embodiments, the compositions modulate the activity of a miRNA for the treatment, amelioration, and/or prevention of fibrosis. In certain embodiments, the compositions inhibit the activity of miR-21 for the treatment, amelioration, and/or prevention of fibrosis.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and reagents useful in modulating gene expression in a variety of applications, including use in therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, and genomic discovery applications. Specifically, the invention relates to synthetic chemically modified small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against target nucleic acid sequences. The small nucleic acid molecules are useful in the treatment of any disease or condition that responds to modulation of gene expression or activity in a cell, tissue, or organism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of detecting an increased likelihood of virus infection in a subject. In particular, the present invention relates to methods of detecting an increased likelihood of virus infection in a subject by detecting an altered level of at least one microRNA (miRNA), as well as methods of treating or preventing virus infection. The present invention also relates to nucleotide arrays, oligonucleotides and kits useful for the detection of miRNAs associated with an increased likelihood of virus infection in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to RNA interference (RNAi) molecules targeted against a nucleic acid sequence, and methods of using these RNAi molecules to reduce off-target toxicity.

Abstract: A molecular marker miRNA for sheep breeding. The target gene of the miRNA is FABP6, and the miRNA inhibits the expression of the gene FABP6 in the adipose tissue of sheep.

Abstract: The invention relates to microRNA-34a and related microRNAs for use in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. Likewise it relates to microRNA-34a for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma, and for a method of treatment of B-cell lymphoma comprising administering microRNA-34a. These claims are based on the observation that microRNA-34a shows strong anti-proliferative effects when overexpressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (gDLBCL) cell lines, or when delivered intratumorally or systemically in xenograft models of DLBCL.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of inhibiting mitosis, treating cancer and/or treating immune disorders through the use of agents that inhibit FAT 10 and/or the FAT 10 pathway.

Abstract: Auto-recognizing therapeutic R/DNA chimeric nanoparticles (R/DNA NP) are described that are pairs of DNA/RNA hybrids where the DNA molecules have complementary toehold sequences that promote the re-association of the R/DNA NPs when mixed resulting in the formation of RNA/RNA duplexes that act as siRNAs.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in part, to the treatment and prevention of cancers by administering agents that modulate the activity or expression of microRNAs.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of modulating an immune response by controlling expression levels of microRNAs in dendritic cells are disclosed. In particular, the invention relates to modified dendritic cells and methods of using such dendritic cells in cellular therapy for treating various immune conditions and diseases, including transplant rejection, inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, allergies, infectious diseases, immunodeficiency, and cancer.

Abstract: Provided is an improved design of shRNA based on structural mimics of miR-451 precursors. These miR-451 shRNA mimics are channeled through a novel small RNA biogenesis pathway, require AGO2 catalysis and are processed by Drosha but are independent of DICER processing. This miRNA pathway feeds active elements only into Ago2 because of its unique catalytic activity. These data demonstrate that this newly identified small RNA biogenesis pathway can be exploited in vivo to produce active molecules.