Abstract: Parametric measurement of first- and second-generation telecommunications equipment has been relatively straightforward. The evolution to more complex transmission schemes such as those proposed for third-generation (3G) telecommunications devices can employ the subject methods and apparatus and apply AM-PM test procedures to a multicarrier amplifier RF environment to properly characterize the parametric performance of these transmission systems, particularly those operating in a multicarrier environment.

Abstract: A device for measuring alternating voltage in a conductor under test using a first set of capacitive voltage sensors 32a-f mounted on an electrically insulating support member. The sensors are disposed on the support member at spaced intervals along a first notional circle and are connected in parallel between an inner signal conductor 33 and a zero voltage reference conductor 37. A second set of capacitive voltage sensors 34a-f are mounted on the support member at spaced intervals along a second notional circle and are connected in parallel between an outer signal conductor 35 and the reference conductor 37. The support member is configured to allow a conductor under test 38 to be introduced into the interior of the device so that the sensors surround the axis of the conductor. Each sensor has a signal electrode 48 connected to the signal conductor and a reference electrode 50 connected to the reference conductor and is orientated with the signal electrode facing the conductor under test.

Abstract: Wet and dry film thickness can be measured non-invasively on structures, such as surfaces associated with vessels, aircraft and buildings, using calibrated microwave sensors. The film is measured by directing microwave energy toward the film. The microwave energy passes through the film and is reflected by a reflective or semi-reflective substrate surface below the film. Properties of the reflected wave are compared with properties of reflected waves that were passed through calibration samples of known thicknesses to determine the unknown thickness of the film. In some embodiments, one or more sensors are maintained at a fixed altitude above the conductive/semi-conductive substrate for measurement, and in other embodiments, one or more sensors are maintained at a fixed altitude above the film.

Abstract: In order to provide a phase detector and a method of phase detection which are distinguished by greater sensitivity and simple implementability, at least one differential signal of two input signals (Ua; Ub) may be formed over at least one predefined period by means of a first subtracter (12), at least one maximum value of the at least one differential signal may be detected by means of a first peak detector (16) and at least one minimum value of the at least one differential signal may be detected by means of a second peak detector (18) and at least one further differential signal (Uout) may be formed from the at least one maximum value and the at least one minimum value by means of a second subtracter (14).

Abstract: A charging unit is disclosed capable of reducing undue variation and fluctuation margin of a charging gap, and controlling accurately the proper gap durably over the change of environmental conditions, which is suitably incorporated into an image forming apparatus. The charging unit is configured to charge an image bearing member in a non-contact arrangement, including a charging roller provided with a core shaft, a charging member formed of electroconductive resin integrally disposed on the periphery of the core shaft, and gap holding members formed of insulating resin each disposed at respective ends of the charging member outside an image forming region. The control of the charging gap is feasible by either forming the gap with a charging member having such a materials condition as to satisfy the relation, |G30?G10|×5<G20, where G10, G20 and G30 are the gap averages at 10°, 20° and 30° C.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for detecting a load current through a load includes a main transistor, a sensing transistor through which a load current flows that is a measure of the load current flowing through the main transistor. In addition, a resistance is connected in series with the load path of the sensing transistor, and a current source is connected to a node arranged between the sensing transistor and the resistance. A detector detects the load current flowing through the main transistor by measuring the voltage across the resistance.

Abstract: A group wiring system includes a hub of a server system, a distribution frame including a plurality of wire pair receptacles, a plurality of remote receptacles, a testing device, and a plurality of testing circuits. Each testing circuit is coupled between conductive wires of contacts of an associated wire pair receptacle. Each testing circuit includes a light emitting device and a filtering device. The light emitting device emits light when the testing device applies a testing voltage to the contacts. The testing voltage is a low-frequency voltage signal having a frequency higher than 200 Hz that creates a circuit impedance higher than an impedance of the filtering device when passing through the hub, thereby decaying and filtering the voltage signal and allowing locating test while the server system is on-line. A method for locating wire pairs in a group wiring system is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for measuring bias of polysilicon shapes relative to a silicon area wherein the presence of an electrical coupling is used to determine the presence of bias. Bridging vertices on the polysilicon shapes are formed. Bridging vertices over the silicon area create low resistance connections between those bridging vertices and the silicon area; other bridging vertices over ROX (recessed oxide) areas do not create low resistance connections between those other bridging vertices and the silicon area. Determining which bridging vertices have low resistance connections to the silicon area and how many bridging vertices have low resistance connections to the silicon area are used to determine the bias of the polysilicon shapes relative to the silicon area.

Abstract: A connecting sleeve generally used for a bus bar connection is produced from an insulating elastic material, often an elastomer material, having insulating properties which are deteriorated by partial discharges and decrease over the operating time of the switchboard system. According to the invention, so-called partial discharge measuring methods must be carried out, inter alia also in the UHF range (UHF: ultra high frequency), in order to identify damaging effects on the insulating material in time. For the reliable and simple detection of the measuring signals, the connecting sleeve (M) has an outer, electroconductive surface (OA) which is earthed, and an inner, electroconductive surface (OI) to which the voltage potential of the bus bar (S) is applied, in addition to a coupling electrode (KE) which is integrated into the insulating material (I).

Abstract: It is possible to generate a resonance mode such that a dielectric resonator (20) can be resonated and an electric field vector leaking out from the resonator (20) exists by arranging antennas (22a and 22b) for the resonator (20). When a sample (22) (25) has dielectric anisotropy, the resonance frequency of the resonator (20) varies when the sample (25) or resonator (20) is rotated. The dielectric anisotropy of the sample (25) is found from the variance of the resonance frequency. Thus the dielectric anisotropy of not only a sheet-like sample, but also such a sample as a three-dimensional molded sample can be measured.

Abstract: A central controller and a number of image projection lighting devices (“IPLD”), a type of multiparameter light, are interconnected by an enhanced performance communications path that is capable of simultaneously carrying different digital signals on various bidirectional channels, such as various content signals, including continuous video and/or audio, in digital form on respective content transfer channels, a command signal on a control channel, and a control or content signal in digital form on an auxiliary channel. In accordance with commands transmitted from the central controller over the control channel, content signals may be sent from any of the IPLDs to any other of the IPLDs, or from the central controller to any of the IPLDs, or from any of the IPLDs to the central controller. The IPLDs have respective unique device addresses, and the control channel, the auxiliary channel, and the content transfer channels also have respective unique channel addresses.

Abstract: A probe for engaging a conductive pad is provided. The probe includes a probe contact end for receiving a test current, a probe retention portion below the contact end, a block for holding the probe retention portion, a probe arm below the retention portion, a probe contact tip below the arm, and a generally planar self-cleaning skate disposed perpendicular below the contact tip. The self-cleaning skate has a square front, a round back and a flat middle section. The conductive pad is of generally convex shape having a granular non-conductive surface of debris and moves to engage the skate, whereby an overdrive motion is applied to the pad causing the skate to move across and scrub non-conductive debris from the pad displacing the debris along the skate and around the skate round back end to a position on the skate that is away from the pad.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a gate line, a data line, a pixel electrode, a storage line, a dual transistor, a connection transistor, a voltage-decreasing electrode, a first contact electrode and a second contact electrode. The voltage-decreasing electrode is disposed on the storage line. The voltage-decreasing electrode is connected to a connection drain electrode of the connection transistor. The first contact electrode overlaps with the first pixel part and is electrically connected to the first pixel part. The first contact electrode is connected to a first drain electrode of the dual transistor and a connection source electrode of the connection transistor. The second contact electrode overlaps with the second pixel part and is electrically connected to the second pixel part. The second contact electrode is connected to a second drain electrode of the dual transistor. Therefore, the aperture ratio of the display device may be increased.

Abstract: A charge pump circuit includes a first plurality of capacitors, and a first precharge circuit. The first plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel to each other. The first plurality of capacitors receive clock signals to perform sequentially pumping operations which generate a first higher voltage from a power voltage supplied. The first precharge circuit precharges a predetermined number of capacitors in the first plurality of capacitors at the power voltage. The predetermined number is greater than one.

Abstract: Three bridge circuits (101, 111, 121), each include magnetoresistive sensors coupled as a Wheatstone bridge (100) to sense a magnetic field (160) in three orthogonal directions (110, 120, 130) that are set with a single pinning material deposition and bulk wafer setting procedure. One of the three bridge circuits (121) includes a first magnetoresistive sensor (141) comprising a first sensing element (122) disposed on a pinned layer (126), the first sensing element (122) having first and second edges and first and second sides, and a first flux guide (132) disposed non-parallel to the first side of the substrate and having an end that is proximate to the first edge and on the first side of the first sensing element (122). An optional second flux guide (136) may be disposed non-parallel to the first side of the substrate and having an end that is proximate to the second edge and the second side of the first sensing element (122).

Abstract: A method for fabricating a low resistance, low inductance device for high current semiconductor flip-chip products. A structure is produced, which comprises a semiconductor chip with metallization traces, copper lines in contact with the traces, and copper bumps located in an orderly and repetitive arrangement on each line so that the bumps of one line are positioned about midway between the corresponding bumps of the neighboring lines. A substrate is provided which has elongated copper leads with first and second surfaces, the leads oriented at right angles to the lines. The first surface of each lead is connected to the corresponding bumps of alternating lines using solder elements. Finally, the assembly is encapsulated in molding compound so that the second lead surfaces remain un-encapsulated.

Abstract: A connector for a first wiring board of a first module type apparatus and a second wiring board of a second module type apparatus, the connector providing electrical connection between the first wiring board of the first module type apparatus and the second wiring board of the second module type apparatus when the first module type apparatus and the second module type apparatus are engaged with each other, the connector includes a housing; a first terminal; and a second terminal.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for an electrical generator system for a vehicle. The system includes a wind turbine, an electrical generator mechanically connected to the wind turbine and configured to connect to an electrical energy storage device that is configured to store electrical energy on-board the vehicle, and a rigid, conical housing, forming wind channeling funnel that includes an interior chamber, the housing funnel having an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end having a larger diameter than the outlet end, and the conical housing configured to direct that directs wind flow into the wind turbine.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance system is disclosed. The system includes a transceiver having a multichannel receiver and a multichannel transmitter, where each channel of the transmitter is configured for independent selection of frequency, phase, time, space, and magnitude, and each channel of the receiver is configured for independent selection of space, time, frequency, phase and gain. The system also includes a magnetic resonance coil having a plurality of current elements, with each element coupled in one to one relation with a channel of the receiver and a channel of the transmitter. The system further includes a processor coupled to the transceiver, such that the processor is configured to execute instructions to control a current in each element and to perform a non-linear algorithm to shim the coil.

Abstract: A flat panel display apparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a panel configured to display an image; a glass window covering the panel; and a polarizing film attached on a surface of the glass window, wherein the polarizing film is configured to prevent the scatter of broken pieces when the glass window breaks and also prevent reflection of an external light.