Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring a specific absorption rate (SAR), a first near magnetic field distribution of a radio wave radiated from an array antenna of a reference antenna including a plurality of minute antennas is measured, and an SAR distribution with respect to the radio wave radiated from the array antenna is measured with a predetermined phantom. Then a distribution of a transformation coefficient ? is calculated by dividing the measured SAR distribution by a square of the measured first near magnetic field distribution, a second near magnetic field distribution of a radio wave radiated from a measured radio communication apparatus is measured, and an SAR distribution with respect to the radio wave radiated from the radio communication apparatus is calculated by multiplying a square of the measured second near magnetic field distribution by the calculated distribution of the transformation coefficient ?.

Abstract: Detectable pipe and electric fence are formed of a conductive loaded resin-based material. The conductive loaded resin-based material comprises micron conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination of conductive powder and conductive fibers in a base resin host. The percentage by weight of the conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination thereof is between about 20% and 50% of the weight of the conductive loaded resin-based material. The micron conductive powders are metals or conductive non-metals or metal plated non-metals. The micron conductive fibers may be metal fiber or metal plated fiber. Further, the metal plated fiber may be formed by plating metal onto a metal fiber or by plating metal onto a non-metal fiber. Any platable fiber may be used as the core for a non-metal fiber. Superconductor metals may also be used as micron conductive fibers and/or as metal plating onto fibers in the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for, and method of, adaptable testing of backplane interconnections. In one embodiment, the system includes a board detector configured to determine a relative arrangement of a plurality of hardware boards populating positions associated with the backplane interconnections. Additionally, the system also includes a test coordinator coupled to the board detector and configured to adaptively backplane test at least a pair of the plurality of hardware boards based on the relative arrangement.

Abstract: A system and method for sensing the formation of tin whiskers is presented. An assembly substrate includes whisker detectors at various locations for detecting tin whiskers in an X direction, a Y direction, and a Z direction relative to the assembly substrate. Each whisker detector includes sense traces and a trace bridge that produce “planar gaps” and “orthogonal gaps” that are smaller than trace gaps produced by other traces on the assembly substrate. As such, tin whiskers short across the planar gaps and orthogonal gaps before they short across trace gaps. When the assembly substrate is finished with processing steps, a system tester performs a continuity test on the whisker detectors. When the continuity test fails, an operator is notified to check for tin whiskers on the assembly substrate. Once shipped, a processor monitors the whisker detectors for shorts throughout the product's lifecycle.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fixing apparatus of the present invention, including a cleaning web 51, first and second take-up shafts 53, 54 which support opposite ends of the cleaning web, respectively, and a web pressing member 52 which presses the supported cleaning web 51 against a heating roller 1, and the web pressing member 52 presses the cleaning web 51 against the heating roller 1 in such a manner that a load applied to the heating roller on an upstream side in a rotation direction is larger than that on a downstream side.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus has a battery apparatus that is composed of a battery, a temperature sensor that is thermally coupled to the battery and whose electrical resistance changes with the temperature of the battery to which it is thermally coupled, a temperature detection circuit that detects the temperature of the battery by detecting the electrical resistance of the temperature sensor, and a power supply circuit that feeds electrical power to the temperature detection circuit. The temperature sensor is connected via an overcurrent protection circuit to the power supply circuit.

Abstract: A calibration circuit and method thereof. In the example method, a common-mode voltage may be detected at an output port of a mixer. At least one common-mode feedback voltage may be generated (e.g., at one or more common-mode feedback circuits) based on the detected common-mode voltage. A loop gain may be adjusted in response to a gate control signal (e.g., received at a controller, such as a second order Intecept Point (IP2) controller). An impedance may be adjusted at the output port of the mixer and a current applied to the output port of the mixer may be adjusted based on the at least one common-mode feedback voltage. The example method may be performed by a calibration circuit (e.g., an IP2 calibration circuit).

Abstract: There is provided a method of testing an electrical switchgear system. A node in the electrical switchgear system monitors a power line signal and controls a breaker based on the power line signal. The method includes applying an analog signal to the node, and receiving data representing a status of the breaker. The analog signal simulates the power line signal.

Abstract: A surface capacitance sensor system is implemented as an array of sensor electrodes near the surface of the integrated circuit and an array of stimulus electrodes below the sensor electrodes. Rows of stimulus electrodes are driven by sources while the voltages at the respective sensor electrodes are measured. Voltage measurements at each sensor electrode allow the surface capacitance at each sensor electrode location to be determined. The capacitance data is used to determine the positions of target electrodes above the array surface as required in the location fingerprint artifacts.

Abstract: A method for determining a fuel-dilution condition of a lubricant used in transportation and industrial equipment. The method uses apparatus that applies a high frequency and optionally a low frequency oscillating signal to electrodes immersed in the fluid and quantifies fluid response to the signals. Apparatus can further include means to control the lubricant temperature, or a temperature sensor to monitor the lubricant temperature at the electrodes. The method monitors response of the lubricant to the applied electrical signals and determines ratios of lubricant properties. The high-frequency lubricant property ratio or change of high frequency lubricant property as a function of a lubricant use-measure is compared to a predicted ratio based on lubricant use and an estimate of the lubricant's fuel dilution determined. The optional low-frequency lubricant property ratio is compared to thresholds to determine when the lubricant loses the ability to control fuel dilution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting an impedance across a pair of terminals. A sensing circuit is AC coupled to the terminals which produces an output related to a time constant associated with the impedance.

Abstract: A multiple sensitivity stud sensing device for determining a location of objects behind a wall lining has a housing with a surface for moving over the wall lining. Within the housing are a capacitive sensor with first and second capacitances provided adjacent the surface and control circuitry. The control circuitry includes a detecting circuit connected to the sensor for providing a detection signal related to an imbalance between the first and second capacitances, a comparator having a reference signal for providing a comparator signal related to a difference between the detection signal and the reference signal, and a controller for receiving the comparator signal and providing a display signal. A display is provided on the housing for indicating a location of an object behind the wall lining. An input device is provided on the housing so that a user of the device can select a value for the reference signal.

Abstract: An electric-field meter provided with a housing, an electrode assembly, a shield assembly, a movement assembly, a position detection assembly, a charge measurement circuit, and a leakage current compensation circuit. The electric-field meter can be characterized as a field mill, an induction voltmeter, an electrostatic fluxmeter or an agrimeter. The electrode assembly is selectively exposed to the electric field. The shield assembly alternately covers and exposes the electrode assembly to the electric field. The movement assembly has a source of motive force and a linkage operably connected to one of the shield assembly and the electrode assembly for alternately covering and exposing the electrode assembly to the electric field. The charge measurement circuit receives charge on the electrode assembly. The charge measurement circuit provides a charge detection signal indicative of the charge induced on the electrode assembly as the electrode assembly is selectively exposed to the electric field.

Abstract: The method and a device to measure the repeatable and non-repeatable runouts of a rotating component of a spindle motor with the aid of at least one probe measuring changes in the distance between the probe and the rotating component depending on the angle of rotation. The probe records a first test signal in a first test cycle from which a signal defining the RRO is determined and stored. In a second test cycle, a command signal proportional to the amplitude and phase of the RRO signal is generated and fed to an electromechanical actuator supporting the probe. Depending on the command signal derived from the first test signal, the actuator changes the distance between the probe and the outer perimeter of the rotating component, thus compensating the runout defined by the RRO signal, while the probe records a second test signal defining the NRRO.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus having a probe that faces a surface of a target and is configured to supply AC current to the surface, measuring a voltage drop through a space between the probe and the surface, and obtaining a distance between the probe and the surface in accordance with the measured voltage drop. The apparatus includes a ground member facing, and apart from, the surface and configured to ground the surface by capacitive coupling, and a stage configured to hold either of the target and the probe and to move to define a measurement area on the surface. The ground member is configured so that the ground member faces all areas of the surface with respect to each of a plurality of measurement areas on the surface defined by a position of the stage.

Abstract: A polyphase power system with a system safety ground supplies a plurality of power phases over a respective plurality of power lines to power a load. A plurality of phase fault detectors of a fault detection component monitor the plurality of power lines, respectively. A phase fault detector, of the plurality of phase fault detectors, monitors a power line of the plurality of power lines. The phase fault detector outputs a threshold voltage with a voltage divider coupled with the power line. The threshold voltage is a line-to-ground voltage relative to a localized ground. A capacitor coupled between the localized ground and the system safety ground provides a direct current offset to the localized ground upon a ground fault condition. The phase fault detector compares the threshold voltage with a reference voltage to make a determination of an existence of the ground fault condition in the power line.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a circuit and method for self-testing a protection device for use in an AC power distribution system. The device is configured to be coupled between an AC power distribution system and at least one load. The method includes the step of introducing a simulated ground neutral fault during a first predetermined half cycle half cycle of the AC power. An attempt is made to detect the introduced simulated grounded neutral fault during the first predetermined half cycle half cycle. A fault condition is signaled if the introduced simulated grounded neutral fault is not detected within a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a substrate and a MEM device. The MEM includes a comb capacitor and a magnetic element physically connected to one electrode of the comb capacitor. The magnetic element is capable of moving the one electrode in a manner that alters a capacitance of the comb capacitor. The apparatus also includes at least one spring physically connecting the magnetic element to the substrate.

Abstract: A circuit breaker for locating an arc fault for a protected circuit includes separable contacts interrupting the protected circuit and an arc fault detector determining an arc fault in the protected circuit. An analog to digital converter circuit measures a value of peak arc current at the arc fault detector. Another analog to digital converter circuit provides a peak line-to-neutral voltage. A memory provides an arc voltage operatively associated with the value of peak current. A microprocessor determines a distance from the arc fault detector to the arc fault from the value of peak arc current, a wire resistance per unit length or a wire conductance per unit length, the peak line-to-neutral voltage and the arc voltage.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting a difference in capacitance between a first capacitor and a second capacitor provided in a sensor includes an oscillator configured to generate an oscillating signal, a phase comparator coupled to the oscillator to output a signal responsive to a phase difference between the oscillating signal delayed by the first capacitor and the oscillating signal delayed by the second capacitor, an integration circuit coupled to the phase comparator to output an integrated signal made by integrating the signal responsive to the phase difference over a time period equal to a predetermined number of cycles of the oscillating signal, and a sample-and-hold circuit coupled to the integration circuit to output a signal made by sampling and holding the integrated signal at substantially an end of the time period.