Abstract: Methods and systems for a distributed transmission line multiplexer for a multi-core multi-mode voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) may comprise a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) arranged adjacent to each other, where each of the plurality of VCOs are operable to generate an output signal at a configurable frequency, an impedance matching circuit comprising a respective driver and impedance matching elements coupled to each of the plurality of VCOs, and an output device coupled to the impedance matching circuit. The impedance matching elements may include capacitors and inductors. Between each adjacent pair of the respective drivers coupled to each of the plurality of VCOs, the impedance matching elements may include two inductors coupled in series between the drivers and a capacitor coupled to ground and to a common node between the two inductors. Impedance values of the capacitors and inductors may be configurable.

Abstract: A direct current (DC) power source includes a rechargeable battery and a battery charging circuit, and supplies an output voltage within a specified output voltage range to at least one output port. In one embodiment, the power source determines whether an input voltage is present at an input port, where the input voltage is usable to produce a battery charging voltage during normal operation of the charging circuit. The power source also determines whether at least one load device is coupled to the output port(s). When the input voltage is present at the input port and at least one load device is coupled to the output port(s), the power source electronically decouples the rechargeable battery from the charging circuit, electronically adjusts a voltage at an output of the charging circuit so as to be within the specified output voltage range, and provides the adjusted voltage to the output port(s).

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a method of designing a voltage controlled oscillator, and a design structure comprising a semiconductor substrate including a voltage controlled oscillator are disclosed. In one embodiment, the VCO comprises an LC tank circuit for generating an oscillator output at an oscillator frequency, and an oscillator core including cross-coupled semiconductor devices to provide feedback to the tank circuit. The VCO further comprises a supply node, a tail node, and a noise by-pass circuit connected to the supply and tail nodes, in parallel with the tank circuit and the oscillator core. The by-pass circuit forms a low-impedance path at a frequency approximately twice the oscillator frequency to at least partially immunize the oscillator core from external noise and to reduce noise contribution from the cross-coupled semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A charge pump is connected to receive a supply voltage and a clock signal and generate an output voltage. The charge pump is connected to the supply voltage through a transistor whose gate voltage is set by a regulation voltage determined by feedback from the output voltage. The current supplied to the charge pump through this transistor is mirrored in a section that generates the clock signal, where the mirrored current is used by a current controller oscillator. This allows the pump's clock frequency to linearly track the load current, improving the pump's efficiency.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell that has metal atoms sealed therein, a heating unit that heats the gas cell, a heat transmission unit that is positioned between the gas cell and the heating unit, is thermally connected to the gas cell, and transmits heat generated by the heating unit to the gas cell, and a light absorbing unit that is thermally connected to the gas cell so as to be separated from the heat transmission unit and absorbs heat of the gas cell. The heat transmission unit includes a gas cell accommodation portion including at least a pair of gas cell accommodation walls disposed outside the gas cell, and a thermal conductive elastic member which is interposed in a gap formed by the gas cell and the gas cell accommodation walls of the heat transmission unit.

Abstract: Embodiments include a random number generation entity having at least one switching cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a chalcogenide layer arranged between the pair of electrodes and a pulse generating entity coupled with the electrodes of the switching cell. The pulse generating entity is configured to provide an excitation pulse to the switching cell. The random number generation entity also includes a detection entity configured to provide a detection signal indicating whether an electrical property measured at the switching cell exceeds or falls below a threshold value due to applying the excitation pulse to the switching cell and a random number generation entity adapted to generate a random number based on the detection signal of the detection entity.

Abstract: An electrical energy transmission system has a three-phase electric current power source generating a three-phase current including three currents of different phases, a three-phase current converting device which converts at least some of the currents, a single-wire electric current transmission line configured to transmit the converted currents to a consumer, and a balancing device configured to balance the electric currents in the three-phase current source and providing thereby a stable operation of the three-phase current power source.

Abstract: An element, including: a first conductor layer extending in a first direction; a second conductor layer extending in the first direction; and a semiconductor disposed between the first and second conductor layers, the semiconductor including: a first semiconductor layer in contact with the first conductor layer; a second semiconductor layer in contact with the second conductor layer; and an active layer disposed between the first and second semiconductor layers, in which: the semiconductor has a width of 0.5 ?m or more and 5 ?m or less in a direction intersecting the first and second directions, and has a thickness of 0.1 ?m or more and 1.0 ?m or less in the second direction; the active layer includes a double-barrier resonant tunnel diode; and each of the two barrier layers has a thickness of 0.7 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less in the second direction.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed driving one or more P-Intrinsic-N (PIN) diodes by receiving an input and generating a plurality of pulses based on the input, a first pulse of the plurality of pulses controls a rise time of an RF envelope generated by an RF interface and a second pulse of the plurality of pulses controls a fall time of the RF envelope generated by the RF interface. The methods and devices may further be disclosed combining the plurality of pulses to generate a drive signal, delivering the drive signal to the RF interface including one or more PIN diodes, and generating the RF envelope by driving the one or more PIN diodes with the drive signal, and the amplitude or a pulse width of the first pulse is independently adjustable from the amplitude or the pulse width of the second pulse.

Abstract: A horizontal electrical power strip device including a built in power plug, one master power outlet and triple slave power outlets controlled independently and simultaneously from each other through a master outlet. A power-sensing device (relay element) is coupled to a switch that allows the slave power outlets to be automatically turned on or off (controlled by the master outlet drawing sufficient current) and having different states simultaneously. Thus when current is being drawn from the master outlet the first slave is switched to an on (closed circuit) state, the second slave is switched to an off (open circuit) state while the third slave stays uninterrupted in an indefinite on (closed circuit) state. Having both simultaneously similar and opposite states of that to the master, the slave outlets offer a wide range of uses from power tools to home appliances including sharing of the same electrical power circuit.

Abstract: A switching device includes multiple switches configured to selectively connect one of two power sources to electrical loads. The switching device may include either single-pole or double-pole, double-throw switches and corresponding single or double circuit breakers. The single and double circuit breakers are each configured to be inserted into openings having the same physical dimensions. At least one of the switches is a double-pole, double-throw switch, allowing two branch circuits to be transferred between power sources via the switch. A double breaker corresponding to the double-pole, double-throw transfer switch permits each of the branch circuits being switched by the double-throw switch to be wired through a separate protective circuit.

Abstract: Aspects of an integrated circuit are disclosed. The integrated circuit includes a first circuit configured to be powered by a first voltage source, a second circuit configured to be powered by a second voltage source, a decoupling capacitor, and a controller configured to switch the decoupling capacitor between the first and second voltage source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for fabricating a microcell for a caesium atomic micro-clock having an inversion temperature above 80° C., comprising a step of generating a caesium vapor by heating a caesium-containing pellet, the buffer gas used containing neon and helium.

Abstract: A micromechanical resonator having one or more anchoring stems which are hollow to increase resonator Q factor. By way of example a micromechanical disk resonator embodiment is shown utilizing a resonant micromechanical disk anchored by a stem between at least one electrode used for input and output. To increase resonator Q, a hollow stem is utilized in which an outer thickness of stem material surrounds a hollow area interior of the stem, or that is fabricated with a plurality of vias and/or fabricated substructures containing hollow spaces in the stem material. Measurements have confirmed that Q values can be increased using the hollow core stems by a factor of 2.9 times in certain implementations and operating modes.

Abstract: An embodiment method for voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) control includes detecting a first VCO output signal of a first VCO. The first VCO output signal has a first VCO output frequency. The method also includes determining a first down-scaled signal in accordance with the first VCO output signal. The first down-scaled signal has a first down-scaled frequency that is reduced by a fixed ratio relative to a current value of the first VCO output frequency. The method also includes modifying the first VCO output frequency using a first phase lock loop (PLL) in accordance with the first down-scaled signal and an oscillating reference signal, and detecting a second VCO output signal of a second VCO. The second VCO output signal has a second VCO output frequency. The method also includes modifying the second VCO output frequency in accordance with the second VCO output signal and the first down-scaled signal.

Abstract: Some embodiments include apparatuses and methods having a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) in a digital phase-locked loop (PLL) and a control loop. The DCO can generate an output signal having a frequency based on a value of a digital information. The control loop can adjust a value of a supply voltage of the DCO based on the value the digital information. Additional apparatuses and methods are described.

Abstract: A structure of an integrated crystal oscillator package has a first quartz crystal resonator, a second quartz crystal resonator, and application-specific integrated circuit chip (ASIC) combined in a package. The ASIC has a switch control for receiving audio formats of 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz with different hi-fidelity (hi-fi). The first quartz crystal resonator has a first clock rate corresponding to the 44.1 kHz frequency and the second quartz crystal resonator has a second clock rate corresponding to the 48 kHz frequency to be switched by the present invention in operation.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit may include a multivibrator for generating an oscillator signal, a supply circuit having a first, second and third current path, and a current mirror for mirroring a current through the second current path into the first current path, the third current path and a current path of the multivibrator. A first transistor in the first current path is operated in weak inversion and saturation on the basis of a first gate voltage. A second transistor in the second current path may be operated in weak inversion and saturation on the basis of the first gate voltage. A third transistor in the second current path may be operated in strong inversion and in the linear region on the basis of a second gate voltage. A fourth transistor in the third current path may be operated in strong inversion and in saturation on the basis of the second gate voltage.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to monitor GPS/GNSS atomic clocks are disclosed. An example method includes establishing a measured difference between an atomic frequency standard (AFS) and a monitoring device. The method also includes modeling an estimated difference model between the AFS and the monitoring device, and computing a residual signal based on the measured difference and the estimated difference model. In addition, the method includes analyzing, by a first detector, the residual signal at multiple thresholds, each of the thresholds having a corresponding persistency defining the number of times a threshold is exceeded before one or more of a phase jump, a rate jump, or an acceleration error is indicated. Furthermore, the method includes analyzing, by a second detector, a parameter of the estimated difference model at multiple thresholds, each of the thresholds having a corresponding persistency defining the number of times a drift threshold is exceeded before a drift is indicated.

Abstract: An in-situ temperature compensation method of an electronic device and an associated temperature sensor includes providing airflow from a vortex air gun to a board including the electronic device and the associated temperature sensor; determining an associated offset at various temperatures in an operating range; and creating and storing a calibration table in memory including the associated offsets at the various temperatures, the calibration table is used during operation of the electronic device for compensation due to temperature variation. A system includes a board, an electronic device disposed to the board; a temperature sensor disposed on the board; a processor disposed to the board and communicatively coupled to the electronic device and the temperature sensor; and instructions that cause the processor to determine an associated offset at various temperatures in an operating range, and create and store a calibration table in memory with the associated offsets at the various temperatures.