Abstract: A hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor of the present invention comprises a catalyst carrier (A) and a metal oxide composition (B) carried on or mixed with the catalyst carrier (A) at a weight ratio of (B)/(A)=15/85 to 65/35; the catalyst carrier (A) comprising a carrier base material of silica, etc. and a coating of titanium oxide and/or titanium hydroxide, the metal oxide composition (B) comprising copper oxide, zinc oxide, and at least one oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of an element of group IIa of the periodic table, an element of group IIIb of the table, a lanthanide element, and an actinide element at a weight ratio of 100/(0 to 25)/(0 to 25). A hydrogenation reaction catalyst with a high catalytic activity and a high reaction selectivity is obtained by reduction of the hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Ethyl benzene is produced in a catalyst bed under 0.25 to 50 atmospheres of pressure and at temperatures in the range of 50.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., using as the catalyst a mole sieve characterized as acidic by feeding ethylene to the catalyst bed while benzene is conveniently added through the reflux to result in a molar excess present in the reactor to that required to react with ethylene, thereby reacting substantially all of the ethylene and recovering benzene as the principal overhead and ethyl benzene and diethyl benzene in the bottoms. The bottoms are fractionated, the ethyl benzene recovered and the bottoms are contacted with benzene in the liquid phase in a fixed bed straight pass reactor under conditions to transalkylate the benzene thereby converting most of the diethyl benzene to ethyl benzene which is again separated and recovered.

Abstract: A novel, improved process and catalyst are provided for the catalytic hydrodechlorination of a chlorinated alkane to its corresponding less-chlorinated and preferably non-chlorinated alkane, for example the hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloropropane to propane, the catalyst comprising a mixture of active Group VIII hydrogenating metals in elemental or compound form on a support.

Abstract: An adsorptive process to separate the components of a solution of linear and branched hydrocarbons into a linear hydrocarbon portion and a branched hydrocarbon portion where the adsorbent is an alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane has been developed. The hydrocarbon components to be separated may be alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes, and the alkylene-bridging group of the adsorbent may contain from about 2 to about 14 carbon atoms. A specific embodiment of the invention is one where the process is operated in the simulated moving bed mode.

Abstract: A safe and reliable method of removing halogenated aromatic compounds present in small amounts in hydrocarbon oil constituted mainly by non-aromatic hydrocarbon oil. The hydrocarbon oil is contacted with a heat-resistant alkaline polar solvent in the presence of an alkaline at a temperature ranging from about 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., and the non-aromatic hydrocarbon oil and heat-resistant alkaline polar solvent are then separated, thereby removing the halogenated aromatic compounds from the hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: An ex situ selectivated catalytic molecular sieve for enhanced shape selective hydrocarbon conversions in which a catalytic molecular sieve is modified by being exposed to at least two selectivation sequences, each sequence including an impregnation of the molecular sieve with a selectivating agent and a subsequent calcination of the impregnated molecular sieve. The ex situ selectivation method is also described, including the use of low volatility organic carriers for the selectivating agent. Also, a method for moderate steaming of the ex situ selectivated molecular sieve. Also a method for in situ trim-selectivating the ex situ selectivated catalytic molecular sieve. Also described is the process for shape selective hydrocarbon conversion comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feedstream under conversion conditions with the modified catalytic molecular sieve.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon by contacting the hydrocarbon with a liquid comprising an alkali metal in a dehydrogenation zone to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and an alkali metal halide. The resulting alkali metal hydride is heated to produce a heated liquid alkali metal and hydrogen. The heated liquid alkali metal is recycled to the dehydrogenation zone to provide heat and elemental metal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel catalyst composition and its use in the dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins. The catalyst comprises an alloy of a Group VIII noble metal and a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc and gallium on a support selected from the group consisting of silica, zinc oxide modified silica and zinc oxide modified silica-pillared clays when said alloy is a zinc alloy, and silica, gallium oxide modified silica and gallium oxide modified silica-pillared clays when said alloy is a gallium alloy. The instant catalyst is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins, especially gaseous paraffins, having the added benefit of retaining high activity and selectivity even following repeated regeneration by calcination in oxygen containing gas at temperatures of 450.degree. C. to 650.degree. C., preferably 450.degree. C. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Solid superacid catalyst, for example sulfated zirconia, is used in the oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated or partially saturated hydrocarbons, for example the conversion of isobutane to isobutylene in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent at reaction conditions typically including temperatures from 500 to 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit, superatmospheric pressures, and oxygen/alkane molar ratios from 0.2 to 20. Performance of a metal-oxide or metal-hydroxide oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst may be enhanced by pretreating a solid superacid or other catalyst containing metal oxides or hydroxides at a carbonizing temperature with an organic material, for example an oxygen-containing organic material, to form a carbonaceous layer on the surface thereof prior to use of the catalyst in oxidative dehydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reclaiming HF and producing valuable gasoline blending components from the conjunct polymeric byproducts (acid soluble oil or ASO) formed as a byproduct of acid-catalyzed isoparaffin-olefin alkylation comprising the steps of:(a) reacting isoparaffin and olefin in the presence of a liquid acid alkylation catalyst to form alkylate and ASO byproduct;(b) separating alkylate, unreacted isoparaffin, and a majority of said liquid acid alkylation catalyst from said ASO;(c) reacting said separated ASO of step (b) under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure to convert the hydrocarbon portion of said ASO to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons and to liberate HF.In a preferred embodiment, the ASO is pre-mixed with hydrogen or a hydrogen donor before reaction at elevated temperature and pressure. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the elevated temperature reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as activated carbon.

Abstract: A catalyst material of carbon black powder having nitrogen affixed to its surface and process for its production by contacting carbon black powder particles with a plasma or low energy beam of nitrogen containing ions affixing the nitrogen ions to the surface of the particles in a concentration of about 0.1 to about 10 percent, based upon the total number of surface atoms. The catalysts are particularly suited for use in phosphoric acid fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing particulate carriers for olefin polymerization procatalysts in which:(a) a heated melt of a complex compound is provided having the formula IMgCl.sub.2.nROH.mED (I)in which ROH is a lower (C.sub.1-6) aliphatic alcohol, ED is an electron donor, n is 1 to 6 and m is 0 to 1,(b) the heated melt is fed to a nozzle atomizing it,(c) the melt to be atomized is sprayed from the nozzle into a chamber, where it is distributed in the form of an atomized melt and then solidified to from fine carrier particles and(d) the fine carrier particles are recovered.During this process an electric charge is fed into the melt to be atomized or which has been atomized, which decreases the surface tension of the solidified melt and prevents the agglomeration of the formed droplets. The charge can be achieved by arranging in connection with the nozzle an electrode, which together with, for example, the grounded melt, forms a static electric couple.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising a heteropoly acid, such as phosphotungstic acid, supported on a mesoporous crystalline material, such as M41S. A particular form of this M41S support is designated as MCM-41. There is also provided a method for preparing this catalyst by impregnating the heteropoly acid on the support. There is also provided a process for using this catalyst to catalyze acid catalyzed reactions, such as the isomerization of paraffins and the alkylation of aromatics.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for upgrading hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the steps of:(i) recovering a C.sub.4 -rich aliphatic stream from a catalytic cracking process;(ii contacting said C.sub.4 -rich aliphatic stream with an isomerization catalyst comprising a zeolite sorbing 30 to 55 mg n-hexane at 90.degree. C., 83 torr, and 15 to 40 mg 3-methylpentane at 90.degree. C., 90 torr, per g dry zeolite in the hydrogen form in a first reaction stage to selectively isomerize C.sub.4 n-olefins to C.sub.4 isoolefins; and(iii) contacting the product stream from said first reaction stage with a solid acid alkylation catalyst selected from the group consisting of MCM-36 and MCM-49, as described herein and zeolites having a Constraint Index of less than or equal to about 2, to produce isoparaffinic alkylate gasoline.

Abstract: Metallocene catalyst systems for the polymerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkenes are obtainable by deactivation of a preactivated metallocene catalyst system which contains, as active components, a metallocene complex of a metal of subgroup IV or V of the Periodic Table and an oligomeric alumoxane compound and, if required, subsequent reactivation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements of fluid bed catalysts. More particularly, the present invention relates to improvements of fluid bed oxidation catalysts useful in the preparation of maleic anhydride from C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, including n-butane. The present invention includes a process of contacting a fluid bed catalyst with a reactivating agent in a catalyst standpipe. The present invention also provides a catalyst containing the mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus, treated using the above process. The present invention further provides a process for producing maleic anhydride, utilizing the catalyst prepared using the above process. The present invention additionally provides for a reactor standpipe, utilized for regenerating catalyst according to the above process.

Abstract: A side-by-side reactor vessel and stripping vessel arrangement uses a rejection vessel to collect the catalyst from the bottom of a reactor vessel and eliminate stagnant layers of catalyst within the reactor vessel while increasing the efficiency of a stripper vessel located to the side of the reactor. Catalyst containing entrained and sorbed hydrocarbons pass from the bottom of a reactor vessel into the small diameter rejection vessel that provides a hydrocarbon rejection zone and uses a fresh stripping medium to maintain a dense fluidized bed from which entrained hydrocarbons are quickly disengaged from the catalyst and travel upward into the reactor vessel. Partially stripped catalyst flows through a passageway that extends horizontally to a stripping vessel that contains a conventional stripping zone. In the stripping vessel, catalyst counter-currently contacts additional stripping medium which removes sorbed hydrocarbons from the catalyst surface.

Abstract: A catalyst for dimerizing a lower .alpha.-olefin monomer with an enhanced selectivity comprises a carrier comprising at least one anhydrous potassium compound, preferably a mixture of potassium fluoride with potassium carbonate, and a carbon material; and a catalytic component carried on the carrier and comprising an alkali metal, preferably sodium metal, the catalyst preferably being compression molded into grains.

Abstract: A process for dewaxing including the steps of mixing a waxy feedstock near its pour point with an ambient or below ambient temperature solvent essentially free of a selected cosolvent, to form a solvent/feedstock mixture, essentially free of a selected cosolvent, and subsequently adding the cosolvent to the solvent/feedstock mixture to cause instantaneous precipitation of wax on addition of cosolvent with the amount of wax precipitation being controlled by the quantity and temperature of cosolvent added. The cosolvent is essentially completely miscible with the solvent, but immiscible with the oil and wax. For example, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol), ketones (ketene, acetone), amines, etc. The process of the present invention provides the advantages of lower solvent ratios (higher solvent recovery), higher filtration temperatures, "environmentally compatible" solvents, rapid filtration rates, and debottlenecking of existing dewaxing plants.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising a porous mineral or organic support and a mixture constituted by sulphuric acid, trifluoromethanesulphonic acid and, optionally, water. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of the catalyst and its use in catalytic alkylation of isobutane and/or isopentane in the presence of at least one olefin comprising 3 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule.