Abstract: An omnidirectional scanning apparatus which generates a multiple cross scanning pattern is described. The scanning apparatus comprises a flat ring-shaped hologram. The hologram disk is rotated about its axis as a small area is illuminated by a collimated light source, such as a laser, to produce a series of reconstructed beams which scan segments of a circle. Optical means is provided to intercept the reconstructed beams and reflect them to a scanning window where the segments produce a multiple cross scanning pattern. In a specific embodiment the holograms recorded are reconstructed as segments of concentric circles and the optical means comprises a stationary mirror for each direction of scan across the scanning window.

Abstract: A reflector for bicycles, motorcycles or the like vehicles, which includes a body having a reflective surface and a rear support housing secured thereto. The rear support housing has a major bore and a minor bore co-axially formed therewith. A bolt extends axially through the two co-axially formed bores. One of the bores, which is non-circular, is adapted to receive a complementary non-circular portion of the bolt. The bolt has a threaded portion extending rearwardly from the rear support housing. The rear support housing includes an annular wall which defines at least a part of the major bore and a cap is secured to the annular wall, for example, by ultrasonic welding, so as to retain the bolt in desired position in the bores.

Abstract: An optical scanning system comprising a lens system for focusing an image of respective image information elements in turn, a rotatable reflecting mirror for scanning said image and a correcting means, said correcting means being arranged to scan onto a flat surface when scanning said image onto a scanning surface by rotating said rotatable reflecting mirror.

Abstract: A light retroreflective system comprises a primary focusing transparent body having an exposed surface adapted to project externally of the surface of a sign forming material and operative for refracting and focusing light beams impinging on portions of said exposed surface, and a reflecting arrangement adjacent to areas below said sign surface and where said beams are focused. The exposed surface has, in its cross-sections in planes perpendicular to said sign surface, portions adjacent to the sign surface having radii or curvature smaller than half of the distance between the portions and the locations below the sign surface wherein the refracted beams focus, so that a proper focalization is ensured within said primary body, the primary body consisting of a transparent material the index of refraction of which is considerably lower than 1.9.

Abstract: A rotary polygonal mirror is used to horizontally deflect a laser beam emitted by a laser source. A cylindrical lens is provided between the laser source and the rotary polygonal mirror for vertically converging the laser beam to form a horizontally extending light spot on the face of the rotary mirror. The beam reflected by the face of the mirror is vertically collimated and horizontally converged by a convergent lens to form a vertically extending light spot on an elemental hologram plate. By the hologram plate, the beam is vertically converged. Behind the hologram plate is located another cylindrical lens for horizontally converging the beam. By the vertical convergence effect of the elemental hologram plate and the horizontal convergence effect of the second cylindrical lens, the laser beam incident to the elemental hologram plate is converged to a minute light spot on a focusing plane. A microfilm is located on the focusing plane and the laser beam scans the microfilm to record information thereon.

Abstract: An opaque fluid chamber having some means for filling and removing fluid therefrom and at least one aperture therein having a transparent plate sealing it, thereby permitting light to enter or leave the chamber through said aperture without losing fluid material therethrough. The transparent plate is many times larger than the size of the aperture and selectively clamped thereagainst in a manner permitting removal of a fogged area of the transparent member away from the aperture for continued light transfer into and out of the chamber without having to clean or replace the transparent plate.