Abstract: A retroreflective assembly includes a transparent polycarbonate housing of generally trapezoidal cross section. A channel extends upwardly from the base of the trapezoid, and the channel receives a vertically oriented strip of retroreflective sheet material. Planar side surfaces are provided at an angle with the vertical so that light from oncoming cars impinging on it will be directed downward to the retroreflective strip, whose top is spaced downward from the top of the housing to permit a thickness of material between the top of the channel on the top of the housing that is sufficient to afford structural strength to the housing. As a result, the image of the retroreflective strip is higher than its actual position, permitting relatively high visibility in a small structure of rugged construction.

Abstract: A metal frame for eyeglasses is provided which includes a pair of rims, each of which is configured to surround and support an eyeglass lens, and a locking bar secured to each of the rims. The locking bar and the rim to which it is secured are separated by a separation slot so as to divide the rim and the bar into first and second rim portions and first and second locking bar segments respectively. A jacket having an internally threaded bore is coupled to the first locking bar segment to prevent movement thereof relative to the first locking bar segment towards the second locking bar segment, and a locking bar screw is detachably coupled to the second locking bar segment and is in threaded engagement with the bore of the jacket.

Abstract: A method and means of scanning the image of a detector along a scan line in the field of view in which a moving auxiliary optical system is used to scan the image field of a primary spherical mirror optical system of wide angular field and inadequate definition and correcting the aberrations of the primary collecting system by means of the auxiliary optocal system.

Abstract: To provide a relatively compact and linear underfilled multifaceted rotating polygon beam scanning system, there are imaging optics for bringing a input light beam to a tangentially extending line-like focus on successive facets of a rotating polygonal scanning element and for restoring the light beam reflected from the facets to a generally circular focus on an image plane. Each of the facets subtends a sufficient angle about the axis of rotation of the scanner to ensure that the input beam remains fully seated on a single facet while the reflected beam is being scanned through a desired scan angle. Furthermore, improved linearity is achieved because the scanning system is symmetrical in the tangential and sagittal planes at all points between the imaging optics and the polygonal scanning element.

Abstract: Over refraction of an aphakic patient with a temporary lens clipped into an empty eye wire of a spectacles frame to be subsequently permanently glazed and worn by the patient. With the temporary lens set at proper vertex distance from the cornea, centered with the eye and correct face fitting adjustment of the frame, over-refraction is undertaken for determination of permanent lens refractive requirements.

Abstract: A helmet-mounted system for display of complex video images projected to infinity with a miniature cathode-ray tube, an optical device for transferring the image from the tube to the focal surface of a spherical mirror, and a semi-reflecting plane mirror in the form of a thin film. The image projected to infinity by the spherical mirror which is utilized on the axis is reflected from the plane mirror while enabling the viewer to see his normal surroundings at the same time. The collimating unit is advantageously constituted by two juxtaposed and cemented prisms.

Abstract: A flexible hinge for resiliently connecting the arms and the front portion of a pair of spectacles is described which consists of a shaped wing, by means of suitable connecting members, to the arms, the shaped wing being provided with a housing in which a pressure cylindrical spring is housed. A lever arm is pin pivoted to the end of the wing, the lever arm being provided with a lug capable of engaging with the cylindrical spring, the lever arm being pivoted to the front portion of the spectacles pair, by means of a second pin. In this manner, the arms connected to the front portion of the spectacles pair are capable of being spread apart, by exercising a slight outwardly directed pressure.

Abstract: A novel form of eyeglass structure is provided in which the lenses are compressively supported at least at two opposed corners without screws or alternate fastening means. A novel hinge structure is also provided in which two cooperating parts of the hinge are resiliently secured together for facility in assembly and maintenance.

Abstract: Sheet assembly useful to form graphically imaged retroreflective markings comprises a base retroreflective sheeting and a film overlying the sheeting. The film is visibly distinctive from the base retroreflective sheeting and is held to the sheeting by a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive. A heat-susceptible low-adhesion layer is interposed between the layer of adhesive and either the sheeting or overlying film. In use of the assembly, graphic symbols are cut in the film, and the background areas of the film manually peeled away. The assembly is then heated, whereupon a firm bond develops at the interface between the non-removed image portions of the film and the base retroreflective sheeting.

Abstract: A scanning optical system is disclosed in which a beam once deflected by a first deflector is again scanned by a second deflector which is different from the first one. In the scanning optical system of the invention, the beam once deflected by the first deflector is scanned in a plane normal to the reference deflection plane which is formed by the normal of deflection surface of the second deflector when the latter rotates. This assures that the beam deflected by the second deflector is contained in a plane which forms always a definite angle relative to the reference deflection plane of the second deflector.

Abstract: A reflector for bicycle pedals with a holding frame and locating contours for fastening the reflector to the pedal. The holding frame receives a reflector lens of light-transmitting material, with a rear-side reflection surface protected against dirt and moisture by a mask. The mask is made an integral part of the holding frame and the reflector lens is permanently joined to the holding frame. The mask on the rear-side of the reflector lens may be a bottom plate closing the holding frame on the rear. The reflector lens may have a rim flange enclosing the reflector surface and projecting rearwards and joined permanently to the bottom plate by gluing and fusing. Locating contours in the form of holding lugs extend in the region of the holding frame on the bottom plate side away from the holding frame.

Abstract: An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having opaque segments is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. The filter wheel is divided into two arcuate segments separated by the opaque segments arranged approximately 180 degrees apart. One arcuate segment of the wheel transmits only first order light. The other arcuate segment transmits only second order light.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator has a motor that indexes an armature element repeatedly by one step from a rest position, and has an electromagnetic clutch coupled with the armature element to increment an optical element that controls light according to relative position. In adjustable polarizing sunglasses, the actuator incrementally rotates a polarized element in each lens in response to the brightness which a sensor receives through the sunglasses. An electrical control circuit compares, in each operating cycle, the sensor signal with high and low reference values to select the motor drive signal.

Abstract: A beam scanning device provided with a beam generator to generate beam, a deflector to deflect the beam, and a beam detector to detect the deflected beam. In this beam scanning device, while the beam detector is detecting the beam with a definite cycle, the beam generator is so controlled that the beam may be generated therefrom with such definite cycle, and the beam is constantly generated from the beam generator when the beam detector becomes unable to detect the beam with such definite cycle. By thus controlling the beam generation, the beam detection can be carried out rapidly, even when the cycle for the beam detection shifts or noises enter during the beam detection.

Abstract: A vehicle display arrangement comprising a head-up display unit (11) and a head-down display unit (13) providing a collimated display which appears to an observer to be a continuation of the head-up unit display. A fully reflective element (29) between the units cooperates with a parallel semi-reflective element (23) in front of the head-down display to shift head-down display information so that there is no gap in the display corresponding to the space (38) between the units.

Abstract: A mechanical stage for microscopes includes a base plate, a stage plate displaceable along the base plate in one coordinate direction, and an object plate displaceable along the stage plate in a second coordinate direction and includes means for automatically maintaining the base plate, the stage plate, and the object plate in proper alignment with respect to a fixed reference. The stage plate directly laterally abuts the first of two parallel guides provided on the base plate and indirectly laterally abuts the second of these guides through a first movable member and an associated spring-loaded means. The object plate directly laterally abuts the first of two parallel guides provided on the stage plate and directly laterally abuts the second of these guides through a second movable member and an associated spring-loaded means.

Abstract: A reflective sun screen for installation adjacent a curved automobile window pane includes a semi-rigid sheet of transparent acrylic resin and a layer of flexible tinted reflective mylar material laminated to the outer surface of the semi-rigid sheet. The semi-rigid sheet is held against a flexible frame surrounding the window pane by means of a plurality of rigid but bendable brackets. The brackets engage the edge of the semi-rigid sheet to cause the semi-rigid sheet to be everywhere roughly equidistant from the window pane. One end of each of the brackets is inserted beneath an edge of the flexible frame to engage metal of the vehicle body. The brackets are bent to engage the edges of the semi-rigid sheet, forcing it against the surface of the flexible pane and maintaining the semi-rigid sheet in a configuration which conforms to the contour of the window pane.

Abstract: The invention refers to an optical-electronic system for the automatic identification of a retroreflective label attached to a car, container, industrial product, etc., in motion or at rest.To accomplish this end, two optical systems have been used, of which one emits light and the other receives light reflected by the label.The axes of the two systems are parallel and the lenses are tangent to each other, so that the angle between the incident and reflected beams on the retroreflective label are as small as possible.

Abstract: An optical device insertable through a peephole in the thick wall of a chamber such as a bank vault, making it possible for an observer to obtain a panoramic view of objects dispersed within the interior thereof. The device is constituted by an optical system composed of three lens assemblies disposed serially along a common optical axis. The first assembly has wide angle characteristics to develop in front of this assembly a virtual image of the objects in the interior. The second assembly has an elongation nearly equal to the thickness of the wall, the second assembly having convergent characteristics to derive from the virtual image a final image which is formed adjacent the exit of this assembly. The third assembly has accommodation characteristics to permit an observer's eye located behind it to see the final image with an apparent diameter essentially equal to that at which the initial image can be seen at the entry of the second assembly.

Abstract: An underwater vision device includes first and second lens elements which are maintained in alignment with the eyes of a wearer by a frame. Each lens element includes first and second lens groups. Each lens group includes a first solid transparent lens, a second solid transparent lens and a compressible seal which secures the first and second lenses together and forms a sealed air chamber between the two lenses. A spacer couples the first and second lens groups together and forms a chamber between the two lens groups. This chamber fills with water when the underwater vision device is submerged. The optical parameters of the underwater vision device can be varied so that neutral magnification is provided when the device is not submerged in water, but strong magnification is provided when the device is submerged. If so constructed the underwater vision device permits a wearer to see normally below the surface of a body of water, eliminating the need for a face mask.