Abstract: A photovoltaic system comprising a first photovoltaic panel configured to collect direct light; and a second photovoltaic panel configured to collect, at least, indirect light transmitted through the one or more first photovoltaic panels.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) element includes at least one DSC, and the DSC includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the first electrode. The oxide semiconductor layer includes a light absorbing layer provided on the first electrode and a reflecting layer as a layer contacting a portion of a first surface of a side opposite to the first electrode among surfaces of the light absorbing layer and being arranged at a position farthest from the first electrode. The first surface of the light absorbing layer includes a second surface contacting the reflecting layer, and a surface area S1 of the first surface and a surface area S2 of the second surface satisfy the following formula: 0.7?S2/S1<1 The reflecting layer is arranged in an inner side of the first surface of the light absorbing layer.

Abstract: Systems and Methods for Advanced Ultra-High-Performance InP Solar Cells are provided. In one embodiment, an InP photovoltaic device comprises: a p-n junction absorber layer comprising at least one InP layer; a front surface confinement layer; and a back surface confinement layer; wherein either the front surface confinement layer or the back surface confinement layer forms part of a High-Low (HL) doping architecture; and wherein either the front surface confinement layer or the back surface confinement layer forms part of a heterointerface system architecture.

Abstract: A device, system, and method for solar cell construction and bonding/layer transfer are disclosed herein. An exemplary structure of solar cell construction involves providing a monocrystalline donor layer. A solder bonding layer bonds the donor layer to a carrier substrate. A porous layer may be used to separate the donor layer.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element according to the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer. The photoelectric conversion layer includes a p-type semiconductor layer, an n-type semiconductor layer, and a superlattice semiconductor layer which is interposed between the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer. The superlattice semiconductor layer has a superlattice structure in which barrier layers and quantum layers are stacked alternately and repeatedly, and is provided so as to form an intermediate energy band between an upper end of a valence band of the barrier layer and a lower end of a conduction band of the barrier layer.

Abstract: A sensing system includes a processing unit and sensor chip. The sensor chip includes a microelectrode array, a droplet space over the microelectrode array, and a plurality of control units coupled together in a daisy-chain configuration. Each of the control units is coupled to a respective one of the microelectrodes of the microelectrode array. The control units are controlled by the processing unit to drive movement of a droplet in the droplet space, and to inspect the droplet via the microelectrodes.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a molecule in a nanopore is disclosed. A voltage is applied across a nanopore that is inserted in a membrane by coupling the nanopore to a voltage source. The nanopore is decoupled from the voltage source. After the decoupling, a rate of decay of the voltage across the nanopore is determined. A molecule in the nanopore is distinguished from other possible molecules based on the determined rate of decay of the voltage across the nanopore.

Abstract: Described herein is an approach using inexpensive, disposable chemical sensor probes that can be mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and used to analyze a site (such as one known or suspected to contain explosive residue, spilled material or contaminated soil) without the need for a person to conduct ground operations at the site. The method involves contacting a soil or a surface with a filter paper wetted with a solvent, then subjecting the filter paper to voltammetry and/or spectroscopy, thus detecting a possible variation indicative of one or more analytes, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of polar aprotic or protic solvents having a boiling point of at least 100° C., room temperature ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: A lead-free, self-corrosion-free electrochemical galvanic oxygen sensor is provided. The preferred sensor includes a container, the container including a lead-free anode, an alkali electrolyte, a carbon platinized with platinum cathode and a nickel wire current collector, wherein the container further includes a diffusion barrier that causes the sensor to operate in the limiting current region.

Abstract: A method of identifying a molecule is disclosed. A molecule is drawn to a nanopore by applying a first voltage signal to a pair of electrodes during a first period, wherein the first voltage signal causes a first ionic current through the nanopore that is indicative of a property of a portion of the molecule proximate to the nanopore. The molecule is released from the nanopore by applying a second voltage signal to the pair of electrodes during a second period, wherein the second voltage signal causes a second ionic current through the nanopore. The first period and the second period are determined based at least in part on a net ionic current through the nanopore comprising the first ionic current and the second ionic current.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell module and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell module includes a support substrate, solar cells at an upper portion of the support substrate, bus bars electrically connected to the solar cells, a junction box connected to the bus bars, and an upper substrate at an upper portion of the solar cells. The junction box is formed therein with pad electrodes connected to the bus bars.

Abstract: A solar array with successive rows of photovoltaic modules angled in opposing directions forming peaks and valleys between the rows with the valleys (i.e.: lower sides of the photovoltaic module rows) being mounted close together and the peaks (i.e.: upper sides of the photovoltaic module rows) being mounted far apart to improve system aerodynamics and permit ease of access for installers. Included is a system for connecting the upper sides of the photovoltaic modules to connectors that slide on bars extending between upper and lower mounting bases and for pivot locking the lower sides of the photovoltaic modules to the lower mounting bases.

Abstract: In one aspect, optoelectronic devices are described herein. In some implementations, an optoelectronic device comprises a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell comprises a space-charge region, a quasi-neutral region, and a low bandgap absorber region (LBAR) layer or an improved transport (IT) layer at least partially positioned in the quasi-neutral region of the cell.

Abstract: The invention is a flexible photovoltaic article having excellent environmental barrier and mechanical protection for the photovoltaic system. The article comprises top side protective layers that include a flexible thin film glass under a top side stress relieving layer and on the opposite side of the photovoltaic cell a backside stress relieving layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell including a first semiconductor layer that includes a III-V compound semiconductor, the first semiconductor layer positioned over a transparent conductive layer, and a second semiconductor layer that includes a II-VI compound semiconductor, the second semiconductor layer positioned between the first semiconductor layer and a back metal contact. The photovoltaic cell further includes an interfacial layer between the first and second semiconductor layers that enhances a rectifying junction formed between the III-V and II-VI compound semiconductor materials.

Abstract: This disclosure features an article that includes first and second electrodes, a photoactive layer between the first and second electrodes, and a hole carrier layer between the first electrode and the photoactive layer. The hole carrier layer includes a Cu(I)-containing material. The article is configured as a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: An amperometric sensor circuit for measuring chlorine concentration in water. The circuit includes first and second working electrodes coated with a hydrophilic membrane. A power supply and biasing circuit is configured to deliver a generally constant voltage between the first working electrode and a reference electrode and to generally deliver a constant current between the second working electrode and a counter electrode. A measurement circuit measures the current between the counter electrode and the first working electrode. A processing circuit is provided for determining the chlorine concentration based on the current measured by the measurement circuit.

Abstract: A hybrid organic-inorganic thin film is provided. The hybrid organic-inorganic thin film comprising: an organic-phase comprising a porous organic nanostructure comprised of an interpenetrating network having at least one dimension between 0.1 and 100 nm; and an inorganic phase at least partially distributed within the porosity of the organic phase. In a first aspect, the organic phase has a first band gap and the inorganic phase has a second band gap different from the first band gap. A method of producing an organic-inorganic energy harvesting device and a device therefrom comprising the hybrid organic-inorganic thin film is provided.

Abstract: Embodiments provide analyte detection systems for detecting the presence of one or more analytes in one or more samples. An exemplary detection system includes at least one channel for accommodating a sample and a sensor compound, the channel having a width and a length that is significantly greater in dimension than the width. An exemplary detection system includes an analyte detection circuit programmed or configured to detect one or more electrical properties along at least a portion of the length of the channel to determine whether the channel contains an analyte of interest.

Abstract: A solar cell is disclosed. The solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer formed on a substrate, microstructures protruding vertically aslant from a surface of the transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer configured to cover the microstructures and formed of an electron transport metal oxide, a light absorber adhered to inner pores and a surface of the electron transport layer, a hole transport layer configured to cover the surface of the electron transport layer and formed of a hole transport material, and an electrode formed on the hole transport layer. In the solar cell, the thickness of a light absorption layer can be maximized to obtain a high current density and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.